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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2005-2007页

作者： Bryan Sun Lulin Li Jian Luo Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA Polytrauma System of Care VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway has emerged as a key mediator of *** current studies primarily attribute its effects to neurons and glial cells,emerging research suggests that cGAS-STING signaling may play a critical role in cerebral vasculature,particularly in brain endothelial ***,studying the role 7of inflammation caused by the cGAS-STING pathway in brain endothelial cells could provide a more comprehensive understanding of neuroinflammatory disease and new avenues for therapeutic ***,we review the multifaceted role of global cGAS-STING signaling in various neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases and the potential contribution of cGAS-STING in brain endothelial cells.

关键词： stimulator interferon inflammation

Machine learning nonequilibrium electron forces for spin dynamics of itinerant magnets

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2026-2035页

作者： Puhan Zhang Gia-Wei Chern Department of Physics University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904USA

We present a generalized potential theory for conservative as well as nonconservative forces for the Landau-Lifshitz magnetizationdynamics. Importantly, this formulation makes possible an elegant generalization of the Behler-Parrinello machine learning (ML)approach, which is a cornerstone of ML-based quantum molecular dynamics methods, to the modeling of force fields in adiabatic spindynamics of out-of-equilibrium itinerant magnetic systems. We demonstrate our approach by developing a deep-learning neuralnetwork that successfully learns the electron-mediated exchange fields in a driven s-d model computed from the nonequilibriumGreen’s function method. We show that dynamical simulations with forces predicted from the neural network accurately reproducethe voltage-driven domain-wall propagation. Our work also lays the foundation for ML modeling of spin transfer torques and opens aavenue for ML-based multi-scale modeling of nonequilibrium dynamical phenomena in itinerant magnets and spintronics.

关键词： dynamics nonequilibrium forces

Phase classification of multi-principal element alloys via interpretable machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 206-217页

作者： Kyungtae Lee Mukil V.Ayyasamy Paige Delsa Timothy Q.Hartnett Prasanna V.Balachandran Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA Department of Physics University of RichmondRichmondVA23173USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA

There is intense interest in uncovering design rules that govern the formation of various structural phases as a function of chemical composition in multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs).In this paper,we develop a machine learning (ML) approach built on the foundations of ensemble learning,post hoc model interpretability of black-box models,and clustering analysis to establish a quantitative relationship between the chemical composition and experimentally observed phases of *** originality of our work stems from performing instance-level (or local) variable attribution analysis of ML predictions based on the breakdown method,and then identifying similar instances based on k-means clustering analysis of the breakdown *** also complement the breakdown analysis with Ceteris Paribus profiles that showcase how the model response changes as a function of a single variable,when the values of all other variables are *** from local model interpretability analysis uncover key insights into variables that govern the formation of each *** developed approach is generic,model-agnostic,and valuable to explain the insights learned by the black-box *** interactive web application is developed to facilitate model sharing and accelerate the design of MPEAs with targeted properties.

关键词： alloys element instance

Generalization of the mixed-space cluster expansion method for arbitrary lattices

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1598-1608页

作者： Kang Wang Du Cheng Bi-Cheng Zhou Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904USA

Mixed-space cluster expansion(MSCE),a first-principles method to simultaneously model the configuration-dependent short-ranged chemical and long-ranged strain interactions in alloy thermodynamics,has been successfully applied to binary FCC and BCC ***,the previously reported MSCE method is limited to binary alloys with cubic crystal symmetry on a single *** the current work,MSCE is generalized to systems with multiple sublattices by formulating compatible reciprocal space interactions and combined with a crystal-symmetry-agnostic algorithm for the calculation of constituent strain *** generalized approach is then demonstrated in a hypothetical HCP system and Mg-Zn *** current MSCE can significantly improve the accuracy of the energy parameterization and account for all the fully relaxed structures regardless of lattice *** generalized MSCE method makes it possible to simultaneously analyze the short-and long-ranged configuration-dependent interactions in crystalline materials with arbitrary lattices with the accuracy of typical first-principles methods.

关键词： alloy cluster expansion

Towards high-power, high-coherence, integrated photonic mm Wave platform with microcavity solitons

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第1期10卷 50-59页

作者： Beichen Wang Jesse SMorgan Keye Sun Mandana Jahanbozorgi Zijiao Yang Madison Woodson Steven Estrella Andreas Beling Xu Yi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904USA Department of Physics University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904USA Freedom Photonics LLC Santa BarbaraCAUSA

Millimetre-wave(mmWave)technology continues to draw great interest due to its broad applications in wireless communications,radar,and *** to pure electronic solutions,photonic-based mmWave generation provides wide bandwidth,low power dissipation,and remoting through low-loss ***,at high frequencies,two major challenges exist for the photonic system:the power roll-off of the photodiode,and the large signal linewidth derived directly from the ***,we demonstrate a new photonic mmWave platform combining integrated microresonator solitons and high-speed photodiodes to address the challenges in both power and *** solitons,being inherently mode-locked,are measured to provide 5.8 dB additional gain through constructive interference among mmWave beatnotes,and the absolute mmWave power approaches the theoretical limit of conventional heterodyne detection at 100 *** our free-running system,the soliton is capable of reducing the mmWave linewidth by two orders of magnitude from that of the pump *** work leverages microresonator solitons and high-speed modified uni-traveling carrier photodiodes to provide a viable path to chip-scale,high-power,low-noise,high-frequency sources for mmWave applications.

关键词： power resonator pump

The relationship between chimeric RNAs and gene fusions:Potential implications of reciprocity in cancer

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2020年第7期47卷 341-348页

作者： Justin Elfman Lam-Phong Pham Hui Li Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics School of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904 USA Department of Pathology School of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904 USA

Gene fusions have long been considered hallmarks of *** into characterization of their prevalence,cause,and function have provided significant progress toward improvements in diagnosis,prognosis assessment,and treatment of numerous *** recently,detection of intergenically spliced chimeric RNAs in cancer has spurred efforts to characterize these transcripts,anticipating similar successes in translation to the *** of chimeric RNAs in normal cells,especially those which precede canonical translocations such as PAX3-F0X01 and JAZF1-JJAZ1,suggests that these physiologically regulated transcripts may function as proto-oncogenic factors,in that their dysregulation can lead to cancer *** findings have given rise to conjecture regarding chimeric RNAguided rearrangements giving rise to fusion genes,termed the cart-before-the-horse ***,we provide context for the relationship between gene fusions,chimeric RNAs,and cancer;assemble evidence in support of the cart-before-the-horse hypothesis;and discuss potential advantages of targeting chimeric RNAs in cancer treatment.

关键词： cancer diagnosis horse

Atomic coordination dictates vibrational characteristics and thermal conductivity in amorphous carbon

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 525-531页

作者： Ashutosh Giri Connor J.Dionne Patrick E.Hopkins Department of Mechanical Industrial and Systems EngineeringUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRI02881USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA Department of Physics University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA

We discuss the role of atomic coordination in dictating the vibrational characteristics and thermal conductivity in amorphous *** systematic atomistic simulations on amorphous carbon structures at varying mass densities show the significant role played by the ratio of sp2 to sp3 hybridized bonds in dictating the contributions from propagating(phonon-like)and non-propagating vibrational modes and their influence on the overall thermal conductivities of the ***,our results show that as the concentration of sp3-bonded carbon atoms increases,the thermal conductivity can be increased by four fold,which is attributed to enhanced contributions from propagating modes in these amorphous *** results shed more light into the role of atomic coordination on dictating heat transfer mechanisms in amorphous materials,and also provide a deeper understanding of the ability to tune the thermal conductivity of amorphous carbon structures through the control of the local atomic coordination.

关键词： amorphous conductivity thermal

A novel method for clustering cellular data to improve classification

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2697-2705页

作者： Diek W.Wheeler Giorgio A.Ascoli Center for Neural Informatics Structures&PlasticityKrasnow Institute for Advanced Study Bioengineering Department Volgenau School of Engineering George Mason University FairfaxVAUSA

Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subsets via hierarchical clustering,but objective methods to determine the appropriate classification granularity are *** recently introduced a technique to systematically identify when to stop subdividing clusters based on the fundamental principle that cells must differ more between than within *** we present the corresponding protocol to classify cellular datasets by combining datadriven unsupervised hierarchical clustering with statistical *** general-purpose functions are applicable to any cellular dataset that can be organized as two-dimensional matrices of numerical values,including molecula r,physiological,and anatomical *** demonstrate the protocol using cellular data from the Janelia MouseLight project to chara cterize morphological aspects of neurons.

关键词： cellular data clustering dendrogram data classification Levene's one-tailed statistical test unsupervised hierarchical clustering

Bio-inspired robotic manta ray powered by ionic polymer-metal composite artificial muscles

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2012年第4期3卷 296-308页

作者： Zheng Chen Tae I.Um Hilary Bart-Smith Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904USA

The manta ray(Manta birostris)is the largest species of rays that demonstrates excellent swimming capabilities via large-amplitude flapping of its pectoral *** this article,we present a bio-inspired robotic manta ray using ionic polymer–metal composite(IPMC)as artificial muscles to mimic the swimming behavior of the manta *** robot utilizes two artificial pectoral fins to generate undulatory flapping motions,which produce thrust for the *** pectoral fin consists of an IPMC muscle in the leading edge and a passive polydimethylsiloxane membrane in the trailing *** the IPMC is actuated,the passive polydimethylsiloxane membrane follows the bending of the leading edge with a phase delay,which leads to an undulatory flapping motion on the *** of the pectoral fin has shown that the fin can generate flapping motions with up to 100%tip deflection and 40◦twist *** test the free-swimming performance of the robot,a light and compact on-board control unit with a lithium ion polymer battery has been *** experimental results have shown that the robot can swim at 0.067 BL/s with portable power consumption of under 2.5 W.

关键词： ionic polymer-metal composite artificial muscle bio-inspired robot

The Qing, the Manchus, and Footbinding： Sources and Assumptions under Scrutiny

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Frontiers of History in China 2016年第2期11卷 279-322页

作者： John R. Shepherd Department of Anthropology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA

Two sets of assumptions surrounding the Manchus and footbinding have crept into the historiography of the Qing period. A first set of assumptions claims that the Manchus attempted to ban footbinding among civilian Han on repeated occasions after the conquest but failed due to women＇s resistance. Moreover, Qing attempts to ban footbinding made binding into a politically charged ethnic marker that embodied for Han anti-Manchu and anti-Qing sentiments and caused the bans to backfire and footbinding to spread further. A second set of assumptions claims that the overwhelming cultural allure and popularity of footbinding proved irresistible to banner women, who, thwarted by banner regulations forbidding the practice, covertly imitated footbinding by wearing platform shoes that hid natural feet and created an illusion of smallness. This paper scrutinizes the evidence put forward by Qing historians for the first of these two sets of assumptions. The claims are found to be unsubstantiated and evidence is offered that contradicts them. I argue that the weight of evidence shows that there was no prohibition on footbinding imposed in 1645 or at any time during the Manchu conquest, and that a 1664 proposal to ban footbinding was withdrawn before it could be implemented, for reasons misunderstood by historians offootbinding. Therefore there could have been no ＂resistance＂ by Han women or men to a ban on footbinding, and claims that footbinding became a politically charged ethnic marker of anti-Qing sentiment in the seventeenth century are groundless. With regard to the second set of assumptions, I provide evidence in a separate paper to be published elsewhere that banner women had distinctive roles and fashions uninfluenced by the culture of footbinding, and that in Beijing and the Northeast Manchu styles were emulated by Han, not vice versa.

关键词： footbinding Qing Manchus Kangxi Ming loyalism