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Influence of Institutional Support on Lecturers＇ Preparedness for E-learning at the university of nairobi, kenya

Chinese Business Review 2014年第12期13卷 757-773页

作者： Nicholas Kut Ochogo Charles Mallans Rambo Joyce Kanini Mbwesa Paul Amollo Odundo university ofnairobi Nairobi Kenya

Institutional support is an essential antecedent for lecturer＇s preparedness for e-learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of institutional support through appropriate training programs and budgetary allocation on lecturers＇ preparedness for e-learning at the university of nairobi. A cross-sectional survey design was applied to source data from 212 lecturers and 96 administrative staff. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques were applied to process, analyze, and interpret the data. Quantitative analysis yielded descriptive statistics as well as cross tabulations with Chi-square （x^2） statistic. The study found lack of significant relationship between lecturer＇s preparedness for e-learning and knowledge of the existence of an Information and Communication Technology （ICT） training program. The existing training program was still underdeveloped in terms of funding and strategies. Lecturers＇ preparedness for e-learning was also not significantly associated with perceived effectiveness of the existing training program; but was significantly related to training in software tools, as well as the source of funding for training. Although a team of ICT experts has been mandated to help academic staff prepare for e-learning, the team＇s functionality was constrained by under-funding and multiple roles. Lecturer＇s preparedness for e-learning also significantly associated with perceived adequacy of budgetary allocation for ICT program at the departmental level. Under-funding was a key factor constraining access to computers at the workplace, reliable internet connectivity and timely technical support, all of which significantly associated with lecturers＇ preparedness for e-learning. Universities in resource-poor settings should consider creating necessary partnerships to create avenues for information and resource sharing, revamp existing training programs with fmancial and human resources, create linkages with funding institutions, as well as im

关键词： institutional support preparedness e-learning training program budgetary allocation

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Characteristics of Archived Coagulase Negative <i>Staphylococci</i>Isolates at a university Hospital, nairobi, kenya

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014年第4期4卷 236-241页

作者： Shivachi Patricia Ingato Andrew Nyerere Kimang’a Geoffrey Omuse Samuel Kariuki Revathi Gunturu Victor Dinda Jomo kenyatta university of Agriculture and Technology Itromid KEMRI Nairobi Kenya Aga Khan university Hospital Nairobi Kenya Centres for Microbiology Research KEMRI Nairobi Kenya Masinde Muliro university of Science and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Background: Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are normal inhabitants of the skin and mucous membranes and thus have been dismissed for a long time as culture contaminants even if they have been isolated from sterile specimens. The risk factors for CoNS infections include patients who are immunocompromised, implanted with foreign bodies or with indwelling devices. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and presence of mecA gene in methicillin resistant CoNS isolated in a teaching and referral hospital in kenya. Methodology: This was a cross sectional retrospective study. Archived isolates were sub-cultured on 5% sheep blood agar. Speciation and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were performed by Vitek2 technique. The presence of mecA gene was determined by (PCR). Results: A total of seven species were identified with Staphylococcus epidermidis having the highest percentage at 45.4% and Staphylococcus warneri with the lowest at 2.6%. High resistance to antibiotics that were tested was observed regardless of the source of the isolate. MecA gene was found in 90% of the isolates. Conclusion: Coagulase negative Staphylococci exhibited high levels of resistance generally. Most of the isolates carried the mecA gene. Despite some of the isolates being resistant to Cefoxitin, the mecA gene was not found. There is a possibility that methicillin resistance in these isolates is mediated using a different mechanism.

关键词： Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Methicillin Resistance

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Knowledge and Utilisation of Emergency Contraception Pills among Female Undergraduate Students at the university of nairobi, kenya

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第9期7卷 989-1005页

作者： Mwaniki Grace Nyambura James N. Kiarie Omenge Orang’o Okubatsion Tekeste Okube College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya College of Health Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Background: Emergency Contraception (EC) is used after unprotected sexual intercourse, following sexual abuse, misuse of regular contraception or non-use of contraception. Seventeen percent of pregnancies in kenya are unintended, potentially leading to unsafe abortion that contributes to the high maternal mortality rate in Country. According to 2016 kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS), the maternal mortality ratio was 362 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Female students in university or College are vulnerable to unplanned pregnancies and illegal abortions resulting in mortality, morbidity and psychosocial problems. Knowledge on EC is very important for students as they are not in stable relationships and not using regular contraception. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and use of Emergency Contraception among female undergraduate students in the university of nairobi. Materials and Methods: We used an institution-based cross sectional, quantitative study to sample was employed among 383 female undergraduate students at the university of nairobi. The university of nairobi has six colleges and systematic random sampling was used to select study participants from each college. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and analysed using SPSS Version 16. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to determine sample characteristics significantly associated with knowledge and utilisation of Emergency Contraception. Results: Most (53%) of the respondents were sexually active, and only 20% of the sexually active female students had ever used Emergency Contraception. Emergency Contraception awareness was high at 86.4%. However, based on a predefined criterion, accurate knowledge of Emergency Contraception was low at 42.6%.The majority (82.5%) of the respondents depended on mass media as a source of information on Emergency Contraception. Factors associated with Emergency Contraception knowledge on biva

关键词： Emergency Contraception Knowledge Utilisation

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Prevalence and Predictors of Obesity among Undergraduate Students at a Private university, nairobi, kenya

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2023年第2期13卷 23-38页

作者： Sylvia Rotich Jane Kamau Maureen Anyango Oketch Okubatsion Tekeste Okube School of Nursing The Catholic University of Eastern Africa Nairobi Kenya

Background: Obesity, especially central obesity, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes, known for their significant morbidity and mortality. university students are at increased risk of obesity due to adoption of unhealthy lifestyles and school-related stress. However, there is scant information regarding the prevalence and risk factors of obesity among university students in kenya. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with general and abdominal obesity among undergraduate students of The Catholic university of Eastern Africa, kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed among undergraduate students (n = 245) of The Catholic university of Eastern Africa, nairobi. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the study participants. Lifestyle risk factors associated with obesity were collected using a structured questionnaire adopted from the WHO STEP-wise approach to non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance. Anthropometric measures of weight, height, and waist circumference were appropriately measured. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (ver: 22). The chi-square test of independence and binary logistic regression was used to establish an association between dependent and independent variables. Results: The prevalence of general and abdominal obesity was 19.6% and 27.8%, respectively. Risk factors of general obesity were age ≥ 20 years (OR, 9.95;95% CI, 3.09 - 32.08, p < 0.001), sedentary lifestyle (OR, 11.36;95% CI, 2.08 - 61.96, p = 0.005), staying with parents (OR, 3.22;95% CI, 1.09 - 9.58, p = 0.035), consumption of fast/processed foods (OR, 7.83;95% CI, 1.90 - 32.21, p = 0.004). Risk factors for abdominal obesity were being female (OR, 38.76;95% CI, 5.07 - 296.54, p < 0.001), staying with parents (OR, 3.02;95% CI, 1.14 - 7.99, p = 0.026) and sedentary lifestyle (OR, 6.55;95% CI, 1.80 - 23.81, p = 0.004). Conclusion: Being female, sedentary lifestyle, and consu

关键词： Obesity Predictors of General and Abdominal Obesity Unigraduate university Students

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Prevalence and Determinants of Overweight and Obesity among the Catholic university of Eastern Africa Staff, Langata Campus, nairobi, kenya

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Open Journal of Nursing 2019年第2期9卷 103-119页

作者： Okubatsion Tekeste Okube Flavia Benora Omandi Department of Nursing The Catholic University of Eastern Africa (CUEA) Nairobi Kenya

Background: Overweight and obesity are escalating global problem, causing multiple life threatening non-communicable diseases including cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis and some forms of cancer [1] [2]. Although the burden is particularly heavy in developing countries including kenya, yet extensive data is still lacking in these countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for obesity and overweight among the Catholic university of Eastern Africa (CUEA) staff, Langata Campus, nairobi, kenya. Methods and Materials: A cross sectional, descriptive study was carried out among 301 CUEA staff. WHO stepwise-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data regarding respondents’ socio-demographic, lifestyle characteristics and anthropometric. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0. Descriptive Data were descriptively analyzed into proportions and frequency tables, while to determine relationships between various variables;One-Way ANOVA was employed. The ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from KNH-university of nairobi Ethical Review Committee. The institutional permission was granted by the administration of CUEA. The consent was obtained from the respondents before data collection was commenced. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the respondents was 47.5% and 36.3% respectively. Based on waist circumference (WC), the prevalence of overweight and obesity among men was 42.6% and 37.2% respectively. While among the women the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 56.8% and 19.5% respectively. The mean BMI (p = 0.006) and the mean WC (p = 0.004) were significantly higher among respondents aged ≤40 years old. Additionally, the mean WC was significantly higher among male respondents compared to the female counterparts (p = 0.003). Daily consumption of vegetables (p = 0.022) and fruits (p = 0.017) was significantly associated

关键词： Prevalence Determinants Overweight/Obesity

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Phenotypic nutrient up-take differences in an alley cropping system in semi-arid Machakos, kenya

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第2期13卷 164-169页

作者： D.N. Mungai C.L.Coulson C.J. Stigter J.K. Ng’ang’a D.N.Mugendi Department of Geography University of NairobiNairdbiKenya Department of Botany University of NairobiNairobiKenya Department of Enviromnental Sciences Graduate School of Productian EcologyWageningen UniversityDuivendaal 26701 APThe Netherlands Department of Meteorology University of NairobiNairobiKenya kenya Forestry Research Instiute(KEFRI NairobiKanya)

Alley cropping of Cassia siamea and maize was studied in semi arid kenya for soil fertility improvement. Katumani composite maize was planted except in the short rains of 1988 (SR88) when a hybrid variety was sown. Therefore the grain yield per row increased differently in the alley cropped maize (CM). Sole maize (SM) and CM yields were higher in SR88 than in the long rains of 1988 (LR88) by 62% and 38%, while yields from the same treatments in LR89 were only 21% and 45% of those in SR88 These differences in relative maize yields are attributed to differences between the two maize varieties in competition under nutrient stress conditions.

关键词： alley cropping Cassia siamea maize nutrients maize yield semi arid condition soil moisture kenya

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Management and mitigation of health risks associated with the occurrence of mycotoxins along the maize value chain in two counties in kenya

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第4期1卷 268-274页

作者： E.K.Kang’ethe H.Korhonen K.A.Marimba G.Nduhiu J.K.Mungatu S.A.Okoth V.Joutsjoki L.W.Wamae P.Shalo Department of Public Health Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of NairobiNairobiKenya Natural Resources Institute Finland LUKEJokioinenF1-31600 JokioinenFinland Jomo kenyatta university of Agriculture and Technology NairobiKenya School of Biological Sciences University of Nairobi00100 Nairobi Kenya kenya Agriculture Livestock Research OrganizationNairobiKenya Department of Dairy Science Egerton UniversityNjoroEgertonKenya

Aflatoxins and fumonisins are two mycotoxins that are prevalent in *** toxins have associated and causal health effects in humans and *** formed in the substrates,the toxins are not easily *** preferred mitigation is to prevent contamination of the cereals and animal source *** this paper we set out to examine the practices of the farmers in two counties(Nandi and Makueni)in kenya which exacerbates aflatoxin contamination and the government steps to address the issue in the agriculture and livestock *** practices identified in Nandi and Makueni,respectively,included seed varieties where 19.3%and 56%are using local varieties;use of soil amendments where 5.8%and 181%are not using any amendments;crop rotation where 54.6%and 60.5%are not practicing crop rotation;22.7%and 37.5%are using wrong drying methods;and 53%and 77.1%are using poor threshing *** kenya government is subsidizing fertilizers,seeds,increasing areas under irrigation,and providing extension services to build capacity of farmers to mitigate aflatoxin *** paper examines also the cultural practices in land preparation,tillage,crop rotation,drying,sorting at farm,and proper storage as better alternative practices for easy adoption that would,if adopted,lead to a decrease in aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination and therefore reduce household *** agricultural practices should be a prerequisite for the adoption of other aflatoxin control technologies.

关键词： Aflatoxins Fumonisins Contamination Maize value chains Mitigations kenya.

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Bacteriophages Isolated in China for the Control of Pectobacterium carotovorum Causing Potato Soft Rot in kenya

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第3期34卷 287-294页

作者： Peter Muturi Junping Yu Alice Nyambura Maina Samuel Kariuki Frantis B.Mwaura Hongping Wei Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research InstituteNairobi 00202Kenya School of Biological and Life Sciences Technical University of KenyaNairobi 00200Kenya School of Biological Sciences University of NairobiNairobi 00100Kenya Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre Nairobi 00200Kenya

Soft rot is an economically significant disease in potato and one of the major threats to sustainable potato *** study aimed at isolating lytic bacteriophages and evaluating methods for and the efficacy of applying phages to control potato soft rot caused by Pectobacterium *** bacteriophages isolated from soil and water samples collected in Wuhan,China,were used to infect *** host strains isolated from potato tubers showing soft rot symptoms in Nakuru county,*** efficacy of the phages in controlling soft rot disease was evaluated by applying individual phage strains or a phage cocktail on potato slices and tubers at different time points before or after inoculation with a *** *** phages could lyse 20 strains of ***,but not Pseudomonas fluorescens control *** the 11 phages,Pectobacterium phage Wc5r,interestingly showed cross-activity against Pectobacterium atrosepticum and two phage-resistant *** *** slice assays showed that the phage concentration and timing of application are crucial factors for effective soft rot *** cocktail applied at a concentration of 1×10^9 plaque-forming units per milliliter before or within an hour after bacterial inoculation on potato slices,resulted in>90%reduction of soft rot *** study provides a basis for the development and application of phages to reduce the impact of potato soft rot disease.

关键词： Pectobacterium carotovorum Potato soft rot Bacteriophages Phage resistance

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Effect of rangeland rehabilitation on the herbaceous species composition and diversity in Suswa catchment,Narok County,kenya

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 427-435页

作者： N.J.Ombega S.M.Mureithi O.K.Koech A.N.Karuma C.K.K.Gachene Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology(LARMAT) University of NairobiP.O Box 29053Nairobi 00625Kenya Sustainable Land Management(SLM)Agro-Pastoral Project kenya NairobiKenya

Introduction:Land degradation is a serious environmental problem of our *** kenya,it is estimated that 30%of the total land mass is severely *** catchment within Narok County is a good example with gullies of over 25 m deep and 30 m *** response to the increasing land degradation in the area,the Sustainable Land Management(SLM)project rehabilitated the catchment through establishment of soil and water conservation structures such as cutoff drains,semicircular bunds,and water retention *** the various rehabilitation approaches carried out,little research has been done to ascertain their effect on successful vegetation *** coupled with the fact that many restoration approaches have failed in East Africa and kenya in particular gave drive to the *** objective of this study was to determine the effects of rangeland rehabilitation on herbaceous species composition and diversity in a severely degraded ***:To assess the diversity of aboveground herbaceous layer in the rehabilitated and degraded areas along a slope(upper,middle,and lower),line transect and quadrat count methods were *** each slope position,three 100-m-long transects were placed across the hill parallel to one another 30 m apart using a *** species hit,the closest species to the hit,and hits on bare ground were *** the same transects,1-m2 quadrats were placed 25 m apart and aboveground biomass determined by the use of the destructive *** the determination of species richness,diversity,relative abundance,percentage cover,and species composition,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was *** collected on vegetation attributes was subjected to analysis of variance(ANOVA)using Genstat and Tukey’s HSD post hoc used in means separation where F values were ***:The results showed that percent cover(74.67%),aboveground biomass(1459 kg/ha),relative abundance,richness,composition,and diversity of perennial grass

关键词： Rehabilitation Land degradation Slope,Herbaceous layer Biodiversity

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Genetic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus(MERS-Cov) and Widespread Seroprevalence among Camels in kenya

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Virologica Sinica 2018年第6期33卷 484-492页

作者： Sheila Ommeh Wei Zhang Ali Zohaib Jing Chen Huajun Zhang Ben Hu Xing-Yi Ge Xing-Lou Yang Moses Masika Vincent Obanda Yun Luo Shan Li Cecilia Waruhiu Bei Li Yan Zhu Desterio Ouma Vincent Odendo Lin-Fa Wang Danielle E.Anderson Jacqueline Lichoti Erick Mungube Francis Gakuya Peng Zhou Kisa-Juma Ngeiywa Bing Yan Bernard Agwanda Zheng-Li Shi Institute for Biotechnology Research Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobi 62000-00200Kenya CAS Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China College of Biology Hunan University410006China Department of Medical Microbiology University of NairobiNairobi 30197-00100Kenya Veterinary Services Department Kenya Wildlife ServiceNairobi 40241-00100Kenya Veterinary Research Institute Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research OrganizationNairobi 57811-00200Kenya Veterinary Services Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore 169857Singapore Directorate of Veterinary Services State Department of LivestockMinistry of AgricultureLivestock Fisheries and IrrigationNairobi 34188-00100Kenya kenya Camel Association Nairobi 30095-00100Kenya Department of Zoology National Museums of KenyaNairobi 40658-00100Kenya

We describe the first genome isolation of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV) in kenya. This fatal zoonotic pathogen was first described in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2012. Epidemiological and molecular evidence revealed zoonotic transmission from camels to humans and between humans. Currently, MERS-CoV is classified by the WHO as having high pandemic potential requiring greater surveillance. Previous studies of MERS-CoV in kenya mainly focused on site-specific and archived camel and human serum samples for antibodies. We conducted active nationwide cross-sectional surveillance of camels and humans in kenya, targeting both nasal swabs and plasma samples from 1,163 camels and 486 humans collected from January 2016 to June 2018. A total of 792 camel plasma samples were positive by ELISA. Seroprevalence increased with age, and the highest prevalence was observed in adult camels(82.37%, 95%confidence interval(CI) 79.50–84.91). More female camels were significantly seropositive(74.28%, 95% CI 71.14–77.19)than male camels(P \ 0.001)(53.74%, 95% CI 48.48–58.90). Only 11 camel nasal swabs were positive for MERS-CoV by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequences showed that kenyan MERSCoV clustered within sub-clade C2, which is associated with the African clade, but did not contain signature deletions of orf4 b in African viruses. None of the human plasma screened contained neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV. This study confirms the geographically widespread occurrence of MERS-CoV in kenyan camels. Further one-health surveillance approaches in camels, wildlife, and human populations are needed.

关键词： Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV) One-health Public health Zoonosis kenya

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