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Source Sector Contributions to Aerosol Levels in Pakistan

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2015年第5期8卷 308-313页

作者： Muhammad Zeeshaan SHAHID LIAO Hong QIU Yu-Lu Imran SHAHID State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Technology

Urban air pollution in Pakistan is a serious challenge and it causes significant damage to human health and ecosystems. This paper presents a modelling study using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem) to simulate the spatial distributions and temporal variations of aerosol concentrations over Pakistan, focusing on contributions of domestic emission sectors(transport, industry, residential, and energy) to mass concentrations of sulfate(SO2–4), nitrate(NO–3), ammonium(NH+4), black carbon(BC), and organic carbon(OC) during the months of January, April, July, and October in 2010. Sensitivity studies indicate that, averaged over January, April, July, and October of 2010, energy and industry sectors have the largest contributions to SO2–4 concentrations, each of which contributes about 10%?20% to SO2– 4over the polluted eastern Pakistan. The contributions from residential and transport sectors to NO–3 concentrations reach 40%?50% in central Pakistan. The residential sector has the highest contribution of 50%–80% to BC and OC loading in northeastern and southern Pakistan. Examination of sector contributions to aerosol levels in lahore, the most polluted city in Pakistan, suggests that reductions in emissions in the residential sector should be an efficient measure for improving particulate matter air quality in this region.

关键词： WRF-Chem aerosols Pakistan

Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) as an Alternative Evaluation Tool for Historical Built Heritages in lahore, Pakistan

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Journal of World Architecture 2023年第6期7卷 36-44页

作者： Rabia Khaskheli Weiping Zhang Hina Marvi Arabella Bhutto College of Arts Xi’an University of Architecture&TechnologyChina Department of Architecture&Planning Shaheed Allah Buksh Soomro University of ArtDesign&HeritagesJamshoro 76090SindhPakistan

Heritage Impact Assessments(HIAs)are progressively needed to investigate potential impacts and outcomes of development on the Outstanding Universal Value(OUV)of world heritage ***,many key stakeholders involved in implementing the World Heritage Convention lack the management system,methodological tools,and guidelines to conduct effective impact assessments in areas without these *** paper explores the successful utilization of the Heritage Impact Assessment(HIA)tool to address concerns raised by UNESCO and civil *** occurred when the Punjab government initiated the Orange Line Metro Train Project(OLMT)near the World Heritage Shalimar Garden and other historic monuments in *** project aimed to meet the daily transportation needs of around 2.5 million commuters.

关键词： Heritage Impact Assessment(HIA) Mughal Architecture Shalimar Garden Outstanding Universal Value(OUV) lahore Pakistan

Correction to:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor‑Recruiting Nanofiber Bandages Promote Multifunctional Skin Regeneration via Improved Angiogenesis and Immunomodulation

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2023年第2期5卷 694-694页

作者： Yi Chen Zhengchao Yuan Weiyan Sun Muhammad Shafiq Jun Zhu Jiafei Chen Hai Tang Ling Hu Weikang Lin Yanxi Zeng Long Wang Lei Zhang Yunlang She Hui Zheng Guofang Zhao Dong Xie Xiumei Mo Chang Chen Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation Shanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‑Biomaterials and Regenerative MedicineCollege of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Center for Life Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGraduate SchoolKyushu UniversityFukuoka 819‑0395Japan Department of Cardiology Shanghai Tenth People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Central Punjab(UCP)Lahore 54000Pakistan Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hwa Mei HospitalUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315000China Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315000China

Correction to:Advanced Fiber Materials https://***/10.1007/s42765-022-00226-8 In this article the author name Muhammad Shafiq was incorrectly written as Shafiq *** original article has been corrected.

关键词： Skin Regeneration Vascular

Assessing Tuberculosis among Smokers: Secondary Analysis of an Active Case Finding Project

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第4期7卷 246-252页

作者： Razia Fatima Aashifa Yaqoob Kamran Siddiqi Omara Dogar Sarwat Shah Aamer Ikram Common Management Unit (HIV/AIDs TB & Malaria) Islamabad Pakistan university of York Heslington UK National Institute of Health Islamabad Pakistan

Background: Previous case-control studies and a small number of cohort studies in high-risk populations have found an association between smoking and tuberculosis, but limited studies are available in the general population that predicts association of smoking and TB. Objectives: To investigate the association between smoking and tuberculosis in a cohort of a general population. Methods: Four districts of Punjab province (lahore, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad and Islamabad) were randomly selected. In routine, household contact investigation is practiced by the National TB Control Programme. For two years from July 2013-June 2015, all people who were living within 50 metres from the household of smear positive TB patients were screened for tuberculosis. Those found presumptive TB were investigated through smear microscopy and those found smear negative;the Xpert MTB/RIF test was done. All the diagnosed TB patients were referred to nearest basic health unit for further treatment and care. Results: A total of 783,043 contacts were screened for tuberculosis, of whom 19,815 (2.53%) were smokers. Smoking was common among men, in diabetic & teenage, elderly age population and in household contact of smear positive TB patients. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (odds ratio [OR], 2.43;95% confidence interval, 2.27 - 2.60) in household contact of smear positive TB patients. The association was stronger among those greater than 45 years of age (OR, 11.09) than those between 25 - 44 years of age (OR, 5.83) and diabetic persons (OR, 2.0). Conclusions: Smoking was associated with a twofold increased risk of active tuberculosis in a cohort of general population.

关键词： Smoking Tuberculosis Close Contacts Pakistan

An experimental inter-comparison of radiotherapic dosimetric delivery to assess X-Ray linear accelerator output characteristics

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Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation 2014年第3期5卷 83-86页

作者： K Masood T Zafar J Zafar H Zafar Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Oncology (INMOL) Department of Economics Government College University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical EngineeringGovernment College University Tissue Optics & Microcirculation Imaging Research Group National University of Ireland

The dosimetric inter-comparison studies carry pertinent significance to ensure uniform radiation dose delivery for clinical trials. This paper investigates the comparative performance analysis of an X-ray high power linear accelerator per- formed by the International Dosimetry Survey Mission and Institute of Nuclear Medicine ＆ Oncology （INMOL）, lahore. The measurements were made using cylindrical ionization chambers based on the International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA） TRS-398 protocol for absorbed dose-to-water dosimetric standards, and the percentage deviation was found to be between 0.5 % - 1%. The dosimetric analysis concerning linear X-ray accelerator output performed by INMOL, lahore was found to be in good agreement with the results of IAEA Dosimtery Survey Mission.

关键词： X-ray linear accelerator dosimetric analysis absorbed chamber phantom

前瞻性列队研究:巴基斯坦拉合尔市新生儿先天性出生缺陷、婴儿死亡率和智力障碍的发病率和发病机制

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第10期1卷 34-35页

作者： Gustavson K.-H. 李开 Department of Clinical Genetics Rudbeck LaboratoryUniversity Hospital SE-751 85 Uppsala Sweden

Aim: To study the health and development of children in a developing and low- income country. Methods: The health and development of children in lahore in nor thern Pakistan have been studied since 1981 in a collaborative project between P akistani and Swedish university institutions and the Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries (SAREC). The study described in this pape r comprised four different areas in lahore with different degrees of urbanizatio n and different social conditions. All pregnancies in the four areas were regist ered during the period March 1984 to July 1986 and were followed up from the 5th month of pregnancy. All 1476 children born after 1 September 1984 were followed up from birth to 12 y of age. Results: The perinatal mortality in the whole mat erial was 5.4%. It was highest in the periurban slum (7.5%) and lowest in the upper-middle class cohort (3.3%). Overall infant mortality was 10%. It was hi ghest (14%) in the periurban slum and lowest (2%) in the upper-middle class g roup. Overall incidence of serious birth defects was 5%. It was highest in the periurban slum community (7%) and lowest in the upper-middle class cohort (3% ). The overall cumulative incidence of severe mental retardation per 100 live bi rths was 1.1. It was highest (2.2) in the periurban slum and lowest (0.4) in the upper-middle class group. The overall prevalence of mild mental retardation am ong 6-10-y-old children was 6.2 per 100. It was highest in the periurban slum (10.5) and lowest (1.3 per 100) in the upper-middle class group. Poverty, maln utrition, birth trauma and consanguinity were common causes of infant mortality and mental retardation in lahore, Pakistan. Conclusion: Preventive measures with provision of obstetric and health services, services for genetic information an d risk evaluation, vaccination programmes and identification of children with re tarded development for specific stimulation and habilitation measures, e.g. orga nize

关键词：婴儿死亡率智力障碍拉合尔出生缺陷发病机制精神发育迟滞累积发病率产伤围生期死亡率发育状况