Source Sector Contributions to Aerosol Levels in Pakistan

作     者：Muhammad Zeeshaan SHAHID LIAO Hong QIU Yu-Lu Imran SHAHID 

作者机构：State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Technology 

出 版 物：《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 (大气和海洋科学快报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2015年第8卷第5期

页      面：308-313页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 0908[农学-水产] 07[理学] 0707[理学-海洋科学] 070602[理学-大气物理学与大气环境] 0706[理学-大气科学] 0816[工学-测绘科学与技术] 0825[工学-航空宇航科学与技术] 

基　　金：supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) (Grant No. 2014CB441202) the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05100503) 

主　　题：WRF-Chem aerosols Pakistan 

摘      要：Urban air pollution in Pakistan is a serious challenge and it causes significant damage to human health and ecosystems. This paper presents a modelling study using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem) to simulate the spatial distributions and temporal variations of aerosol concentrations over Pakistan, focusing on contributions of domestic emission sectors(transport, industry, residential, and energy) to mass concentrations of sulfate(SO2–4), nitrate(NO–3), ammonium(NH+4), black carbon(BC), and organic carbon(OC) during the months of January, April, July, and October in 2010. Sensitivity studies indicate that, averaged over January, April, July, and October of 2010, energy and industry sectors have the largest contributions to SO2–4 concentrations, each of which contributes about 10%?20% to SO2– 4over the polluted eastern Pakistan. The contributions from residential and transport sectors to NO–3 concentrations reach 40%?50% in central Pakistan. The residential sector has the highest contribution of 50%–80% to BC and OC loading in northeastern and southern Pakistan. Examination of sector contributions to aerosol levels in Lahore, the most polluted city in Pakistan, suggests that reductions in emissions in the residential sector should be an efficient measure for improving particulate matter air quality in this region.