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Thinking outside the black box:are the brain endothelial cells the new main target in Alzheimer's disease?

Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2592-2598页

作者： Enrique Estudillo Adolfo López-Ornelas Alejandro Rodríguez-Oviedo Neptali Gutiérrez de la Cruz Marco Antonio Vargas-Hernández Adriana Jiménez Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco SuárezMexico CityMexico División de Investigación Hospital Juárez de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Hospital nacional Homeopático Hospitales Federales de ReferenciaMexico CityMexico Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Laboratorio de Morfología Escuela Militar de Graduados de SanidadSecretaría de la Defensa NacionalBatalla de CelayaLomas de SoteloMiguel HidalgoMexico CityMexico Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad Secretaría de la Defensa NacionalBatalla de CelayaLomas de SoteloMiguel HidalgoMexico CityMexico

The blood-brain barrier is the interface through which the brain interacts with the milieu and consists mainly of a sophisticated network of brain endothelial cells that forms blood vessels and selectively moves molecules inside and outside the brain through multiple mechanisms of *** brain endothelial cell function is crucial for brain homeostasis,their role in neurodegenerative diseases has historically not been considered with the same importance as other brain cells such as microglia,astroglia,neurons,or even molecules such as amyloid beta,Tau,or ***'s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease,and brain endothelial cell dysfunction has been reported by several ***,its impairment has barely been considered as a potential therapeutic *** we review the most recent advances in the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and brain endothelial cells commitment and analyze the possible mechanisms through which their alterations contribute to this neurodegenerative disease,highlighting their inflammatory phenotype and the possibility of an impaired secretory pattern of brain endothelial cells that could contribute to the progression of this ***,we discuss why shall brain endothelial cells be appreciated as a therapeutic target instead of solely an obstacle for delivering treatments to the injured brain in Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： dementia endothelial cells neurodegeneration neuroinflammation neuronal death paracellular transport transcellular transport

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Bacterial and archaeal communities in saline soils from a Los Negritos geothermal area in mexico

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Pedosphere 2023年第2期33卷 312-320页

作者： Joseph GUEVARA-LUNA Mario HERNÁNdeZ-GUZMÁN Nina MONTOYA-CIRIACO Luc deNDOOVEN Marina Olivia FRANCO-HERNÁNdeZ Paulina ESTRADA-de LOS SANTOS María Soledad VÁSQUEZ-MURRIETA Escuela nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de México 11340(Mexico) Laboratory of Soil Ecology CinvestavMexico City 07360(Mexico) Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala.Carretera Federal Tlaxcala-Puebla km.1.5Tlaxcala 90070(Mexico) Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de México 07340(Mexico)

In recent years,there has been a growing need to understand how salinity affects microbial communities in agricultural *** and bacterial community diversities and structures were investigated by high-throughput sequencing analysis of their 16S rRNA in two arable soils with low electrical conductivity(EC)(2.3 and 2.6 dS m^(-1))and a saline soil(EC=17.6 dS m^(-1)).The dominant bacterial phyla in the soils were Proteobacteria(relative abundance(RA)=46.2%),followed by Acidobacteria(RA=13.1%)and Actinobacteria(RA=10.0%),whereas Serratia(RA=6.0%)and Bacillus(RA=4.0%)were the dominant bacterial *** Nitrososphaera(53.5%)was the dominant archaeal phylotype in the arable soils,whereas Nitrosopumilus(RA=0.4%)dominated in the saline *** archaeal and bacterial community structures were different between the soils and significantly correlated with soil sand,arsenic,barium,and antimony contents,but not with soil salinity.

关键词： agricultural soil compositional approach microbial community mud volcano soil salinity soluble anion

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Mitochondrial phylogeography and molecular evolution of the rhodopsin visual pigment in troglobitic populations of Astyanax mexicanus(de Filippi,1853)

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Zoological Research 2023年第4期44卷 761-775页

作者： Marco A.A.Garduño-Sánchez Vladimir de Jesus-Bonilla Silvia Perea Ramses Miranda-Gamboa Andrea Herrera-García Mauricio de la Maza Benignos Claudia Patricia Ornelas-García Colección nacional de Peces Departamento de ZoologíaInstituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoC.P.04510México Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Colección Nacional de PecesDepartamento de ZoologíaInstituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoC.P.04510México Licenciatura en Ciencias Forenses Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad UniversitariaCoyoacánMéxico CityC.P.04510México Instituto de Energías Renovables Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTemixcoMorelos C.P.62580Mexico Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónCiudad UniversitariaSan Nicolás de los GarzaNuevo LeónC.P.66450México

Cave-adapted animals provide a unique opportunity to study the evolutionary mechanisms underlying phenotypic,metabolic,behavioral,and genetic evolution in response to cave *** Mexican tetra(Astyanax mexicanus)is considered a unique model system as it shows both surface and cave-dwelling *** date,at least 33 different cave populations have been identified,with phylogenetic studies suggesting an origin from at least two independent surface lineages,thereby providing a unique opportunity to study parallel *** the present study,we carried out the most exhaustive phylogeographic study of *** to date,including cave and surface localities,using two mitochondrial markers(cytochrome b(cyt b)and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI))and nuclear rhodopsin visual pigment(rho).Additionally,we inferred the molecular evolution of rho within the two contrasting environments(cave and surface)and across three geographic regions(Sierra de El Abra,Sierra de Guatemala,and Micos).In total,267 individuals were sequenced for the two mitochondrial fragments and 268 individuals were sequenced for the rho visual pigment from 22 cave and 46 surface *** results based on the mitochondrial data supported the two-lineage hypothesis,except for the Pachón and Chica caves,whose introgression has been largely *** Sierra de El Abra region depicted the largest genetic diversity,followed by the Sierra de Guatemala *** the phylogeographic patterns of rho,we recovered exclusive haplogroups for the Sierra de El Abra(Haplogroup I)and Sierra de Guatemala regions(Haplogroup IV).Moreover,a 544 bp deletion in the rho gene was observed in the Escondido cave population from Sierra de Guatemala,reducing the protein from seven to three intramembrane *** change may produce a loss-of-function(LOF)but requires further *** nonsynonymous(dN)and synonymous(dS)substitution rates(omega valuesω),our results revealed

关键词： Visual pigments Selection Cavefish Vision loss Loss of function

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Variability in mentum deformities of Tanytarsus larvae(Diptera,Chironomidae)in a metal rich basin in Northern mexico

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第2期1卷 1-9页

作者： Orestes Carlos Bello-Gonzalez Perla Alonso-EguíaLis Cesar Arturo Ilizaliturri Hernandez Norman Mercado-Silva Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Conservacion Universidad Autonoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMorelosMexico Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua JiutepecMorelosMexico Facultad de Medicina-Centro de Investigacion Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud Universidad Autonoma de San Luis PotosíCoordinacion para la Aplicacion de la Ciencia y la Tecnología-(CIACyT-CIAAS)San Luis PotosíMexico

Mentum deformities in chironomids have been commonly used as indicators of metal contamination in freshwater *** of these deformities suggests sublethal effects and can provide early signals of environmental *** anthropogenic metal pollution is known to lead to an increase in deformities in chironomids,natural background deformity incidence information is key to their effective use as biomonitoring *** we explore the incidence of deformities from 5000 Tanytarsus(Diptera,Chironomidae)menta in relation to water physicochemical,and sediment metal(Al,As,Cu,Fe,Mn,Pb,Zn)concentration data from numerous sites in the naturally metal-rich Sonora River(NW mexico)obtained over a two-year *** metal concentrations were found in the upper *** salinity,total suspended solids and conductivity were found in the lower *** As and Cu were occasionally found above published threshold effect levels(TEL).The proportion of deformities(%D)was low(2.1%)and a generalized linear model only explained 25.36%of%D variability among samples;this model included several physicochemical *** only metal significantly related to deformities was *** significant spatial and temporal variability in all metal concentrations and other physicochemical parameters in the basin,we were unable to explain a strong relationship between metal concentration and deformity *** results,based on consistent%D quantification from 5000 samples from a single taxon,suggest that natural variation in metal concentrations,even when statistically significant,is not associated with notable variations in the incidence of deformities.

关键词： Macroinvertebrate Pollution Sonora river desert river Copper Arsenic

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How beneficial are relational capital and technology orientation for innovation?Evidence from Mexican SMEs

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2022年第1期6卷 1-10页

作者： Edgar R.Ramírez-Solis Joan Llonch-Andreu Alberto D.Malpica-Romero Tecnologico de Monterrey Departamento de Gestion y Liderazgo45201ZapopanJal.Mexico universidad autonoma de Barcelona Business Economics DepartmentFaculty of Economics08193BarcelonaSpain

Globally,small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)are engines of economic growth and job *** the pandemic,innovation activities have become more critical than ever as a generator of ***,we need to better understand the factors that lead to innovation in *** study aims to analyze the role of relational capital and technology orientation in innovation to appreciate its final impact on firm *** main results reveal a strong positive effect of relational capital on innovation,but the effect is not so strong as firm *** also found a strong positive effect of relational capital on technology ***,we offer some clues in the debate on technology as a source of innovation and how relational capital and technology orientation are related to a firm’s *** results reveal significant implications for innovation policies and relational capital strategies for SMEs.

关键词： Strategic orientation Technology orientation Relational capital Innovation SMEs

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The anthocyanin's role on the food metabolic pathways,color and drying processes:An experimental and theoretical approach

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 91-110页

作者： Sandra Peñaloza Cornelio delesma Jesús Muñiz López-Ortiz A. Instituto de Energías Renovables Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoPriv.Xochicalco s/nCol.CentroTemixco62580MorelosMexico

This review is intended to cover the works related to the anthocyanin behavior in food that is subjected to *** experimental and theoretical results available in scientific literature are *** increase in anthocyanin concentration has been observed upon thermal ***,a conclusive explanation is still *** accessible studies suggest an increase in concentration during maturations,which could be related to the enzymatic *** possible enzymes involved in such a procedure have also been covered,including their role played in the *** possible activation mechanisms and the related factors such as temperature,pH,oxygen contents and the presence of UV-light irradiation were also ***,the metabolic pathways were also explored including experimental evaluation and theoretical models based on atomistic methodologies such as density functional theory(DFT).This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the probable mechanisms behind the increase of anthocyanin concentration during drying.

关键词： Anthocyanin Metabolic pathway PAL CHS UFGT HPLC Theoretical model

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How mind-body therapies might reduce pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1757-1758页

作者： Melanie Hüttenrauch Susana Castro-Obregón División de Neurociencias Instituto de Fisiología CelularUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM)Circuito Exterior SNCiudad UniversitariaCDMXMexico

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is an irreversible neurodegenerat i ve disorder that i s responsible for around 60-80%of all dementia cases and currently affects around 50 million people *** the population’s life span tends to increase,current predictions suggest that by 2050,152 million people worldwide will suffer from dementia(Balsinha,2019).While the exact cause of AD remains obscure,various hypotheses regarding AD etiology have been described in the last *** to the amyloid hypothesis,the pathogenic changes related to AD start with the accumulation of amyloid-beta(Aβ)in the *** Aβpeptides form oligomers and insoluble amyloid plaques which are neurotoxic and trigger harmful downstream events such as the aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau into neurofibrillary tangles,chronic inflammation,and brain atrophy.

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation irreversible

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Numerical Simulation of Bed Load and Suspended Load Sediment Transport Using Well-Balanced Numerical Schemes

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2023年第2期5卷 885-922页

作者： J.C.González-Aguirre J.A.González-Vázquez J.Alavez-Ramírez R.Silva M.E.Vázquez-Cendón División Acádemica de Ciencias Básicas Universidad Juárez Autónoma de TabascoCarr.Cunduacán-Jalpa de Mendéz KM.1CP 86690CunduacánTabascoMexico universidad autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa Av.San Rafael Atlixco no.186Mexico CityMexico Instituto de Ingeniería Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México04510 Mexico CityMexico departamento de Matemática Aplicada Universidade de Santiago de Compostela15706 Santiago de CompostelaSpain

Sediment transport can be modelled using hydrodynamic models based on shallow water equations coupled with the sediment concentration conservation equation and the bed con-servation *** complete system of equations is made up of the energy balance law and the Exner *** numerical solution for this complete system is done in a seg-regated ***,the hyperbolic part of the system of balance laws is solved using a finite volume *** ways to compute the numerical flux have been considered,the Q-scheme of van Leer,the HLLCS approximate Riemann solver,and the last one takes into account the presence of non-conservative products in the *** discretisation of the source terms is carried out according to the numerical flux *** the second stage,the bed conservation equation is solved by using the approximation computed for the system of balance *** numerical schemes have been validated making comparisons between the obtained numerical results and the experimental data for some physical *** numerical results show a good agreement with the experimental data.

关键词： Sediment transport Suspended load Bed load Finite volume method Numerical simulation Well-balanced schemes

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Commitment of human mesenchymal stromal cells to skeletal lineages is independent of their morphogenetic capacity

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2023年第7期15卷 701-712页

作者： Jessica Cristina Marín-Llera Damián García-García Estefania Garay-Pacheco Victor Adrian Cortes-Morales Juan Jose Montesinos-Montesinos Jesus Chimal-Monroy Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacan 04510Mexico Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades OncológicasHospital de Oncología Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXIInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico City 06720Mexico departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacan 04510Mexico

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)are multipotent cell populations obtained from fetal and adult *** share some characteristics with limb bud mesodermal cells such as differentiation potential into osteogenic,chondrogenic,and tenogenic lineages and an embryonic mesodermal *** MSCs differentiate into skeletal-related lineages in vitro,they have not been shown to selforganize into complex skeletal structures or connective tissues,as in the *** this work,we demonstrate that the expression of molecular markers to commit MSCs to skeletal lineages is not sufficient to generate skeletal elements in *** To evaluate the potential of MSCs to differentiate into skeletal lineages and generate complex skeletal structures using the recombinant limb(RL)*** We used the experimental system of RLs from dissociated-reaggregated human placenta(PL)and umbilical cord blood(UCB)*** being harvested and reaggregated in a pellet,cultured cells were introduced into an ectodermal cover obtained from an early chicken limb ***,this filled ectoderm was grafted into the back of a donor chick *** these conditions,the cells received and responded to the ectoderm’s embryonic signals in a spatiotemporal manner to differentiate and pattern into skeletal *** response to differentiation and morphogenetic signals was evaluated by quantitative poly-merase chain reaction,histology,immunofluorescence,scanning electron microscopy,and in situ *** We found that human PL-MSCs and UCB-MSCs constituting the RLs expressed chondrogenic,osteogenic,and tenogenic molecular markers while differentially committing into limb lineages but could not generate complex structures in ***-RL from PL or UCB were committed early to chondrogenic ***,the UCB-RL osteogenic commitment was favored,although preferentially to a tenogenic cell *** findings suggest that the commitment of MSCs to differentiate int

关键词： Human mesenchymal stromal cells Recombinant limbs Mesenchymal stromal cell morphogene-sis Mesenchymal stromal cell in vivo differentiation Skeletal tissues

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Liver transplantation is beneficial regardless of cirrhosis stage or acute-on-chronic liver failure grade:A single-center experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第40期28卷 5881-5892页

作者： Eduardo Cervantes-Alvarez Mario Vilatoba Nathaly Limon-de la Rosa Osvely Mendez-Guerrero David Kershenobich Aldo Torre Nalu Navarro-Alvarez PECEM Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City 14080Mexico department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico City 14080Mexico department of Trasplant Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico City 14080Mexico department of Molecular Biology Universidad Panamericana School of MedicineMexico City 03920Mexico department of Surgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusDenverCO 80045United States

BACKGROUND Liver transplantation for the most critically ill remains controversial;however,it is currently the only curative treatment *** To assess immediate posttransplant outcomes and compare the short(1 year)and long-term(6 years)posttransplant survival among cirrhotic patients stratified by disease *** We included cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation between 2015 and 2019 and categorized them into compensated cirrhosis(CC),decompensated cirrhosis(DC),and acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).ACLF was further divided into severity *** primary outcomes of interest were total days of intensive care unit(ICU)and hospital stay,development of complications and posttransplant survival at 1 and 6 *** 235 patients underwent liver transplantation(CC=11,DC=129 and ACLF=95).Patients with ACLF had a significantly longer hospital stay[8.0(6.0-13.0)vs CC,6.0(3.0-7.0),and DC 7.0(4.5-10.0);P=0.01]and developed more infection-related complications[47(49.5%),vs CC,1(9.1%)and DC,38(29.5%);Pde[ACLF-1 n=40(42.1%),ACLF-2 n=33(34.7%)and ACLF-3 n=22(23.2%)],had similar ICU and hospital stay length(P=0.68,P=0.54),as well as comparable frequencies of overall and infectious posttransplant complications(P=0.58,P=0.80).There was no survival difference between ACLF grades at 1 year and 6 years(P=0.40 and P=0.15).CONCLUSION Patients may benefit from liver transplantation regardless of the cirrhosis *** patients have a longer hospital stay and frequency of infectious complications;however,excellent,and comparable 1 and 6-year survival rates support their enlisting and transplantation including those with ACLF-3.

关键词： Liver transplantation Acute-on-chronic liver failure Prognosis Survival analysis Critical care

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