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Beyond wrecking a wall:revisiting the concept of blood–brain barrier breakdown in ischemic stroke

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1944-1956页

作者： Julia Castillo-González Elena González-Rey Institute of parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra(IPBLN) CSICPT SaludGranadaSpain

The blood–brain barrier constitutes a dynamic and interactive boundary separating the central nervous system and the peripheral *** tightly modulates the ion transport and nutrient influx,while restricting the entry of harmful factors,and selectively limiting the migration of immune cells,thereby maintaining brain *** the well-established association between blood–brain barrier disruption and most neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases,much remains unknown about the factors influencing its physiology and the mechanisms underlying its ***,the role of blood–brain barrier breakdown in the translational failure underlying therapies for brain disorders is just starting to be *** review aims to revisit this concept of“blood–brain barrier breakdown,”delving into the most controversial aspects,prevalent challenges,and knowledge gaps concerning the lack of blood–brain barrier *** moving beyond the oversimplistic dichotomy of an“open”/“bad”or a“closed”/“good”barrier,our objective is to provide a more comprehensive insight into blood–brain barrier dynamics,to identify novel targets and/or therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating blood–brain barrier ***,in this review,we advocate for considering the diverse time-and location-dependent alterations in the blood–brain barrier,which go beyond tight-junction disruption or brain endothelial cell breakdown,illustrated through the dynamics of ischemic stroke as a case *** this exploration,we seek to underscore the complexity of blood–brain barrier dysfunction and its implications for the pathogenesis and therapy of brain diseases.

关键词： blood–brain barrier disruption drug delivery ischemic stroke neuroinflammation tight-junctions

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The post-treatment effects of enterobiasis on the occurrence of enuresis among children in Calabar,Nigeria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第4期4卷 315-319页

作者： Iquo B Otu-Bassey Monday F Useh Anyanwu A Alaribe Medical Microbiology/parasitology unit Department of Medical Laboratory ScienceFaculty of Allied Medical SciencesUniversity of Calabar

Objective:To investigate the relationship between enterobiasis and enuresis before and after albendazole therapy among 632 children,aged,5-14 years,in Calabar,***:The scotch tape(cellotape) technique was used for the detection of eggs of Enterobius vermicularis (***) while questionnaire-based interviews were used for screening for anal itching and/or enuresis among study *** subjects found positive for Enterobius infection as confirmed by the presence of eggs and those with persistent anal itching(both enuretic and nonenuretic) were treated with 400 mg of albendazole given as a single *** treated subjects were re-assessed post-treatment to ascertain whether they were cured and also to determine their enuretic status(for the entireties).Results:The overall prevalences of Enterobius infection, anal itching,and enuresis prior to albendazole therapy were 6.8%,42.9%,and 35.6%respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of these parameters by the socio-economic class of subjects(P = 0.462,P - 0.647,and P = 0.610,respectively).The pretreatment prevalences of enuresis among Enterobius and anal itching-positive subjects were 53.5%and 49.8%,respectively versus 34.3%and 24.9%,respectively among their negative counterpart(P = 0.012 and P < 0.001,respectively).Four(20%) out of the 20 enuretic children found Enterobius egg-negative after albendazole therapy were equally cured while 8(40%) had reduction of their enuresis,thus giving a total resolution rate of 60%.Similarly,64.2%resolution (25%cure and 32.8%reduction) of enuresis was observed amongst 120 anal itching-cured/ enuretic *** status of the Enterobius-lanal itching-uncured subjects,on the other hand,remained unchanged ***:This study is suggestive of the involvement of *** in the aetiology of enuresis in *** presenting with, especially,uncomplicated enuresis should be screened for en

关键词： Enterobiasis Enuresis Albendazole Children Nigeria

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Anopheles gambiae larvicidal and adulticidal potential of Phyllanthus amarus(Schumach and Thonn,1827)obtained from different localities of Nigeria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2021年第1期14卷 27-33页

作者： Kingsley Uchenna Ozioko Chris Ikem Okoye Fabian Chukwuemenam Okafor Rose Nduka Obiezue parasitology and Public Health unit Department of Zoology and Environmental BiologyUniversity of NigeriaNsukka 400241Nigeria

Objective:To screen phytochemicals in ethanolic leaf extracts of Phyllanthus amarus collected from three different geographical zones in Nigeria and evaluate their effects on larva and adult of Anopheles ***:The sample extracts of Phyllanthus amarus prepared with ethanol solvent were tested against Anopheles gambiae at two important developmental stages of its life cycle using slightly modified WHO ***:Alkaloids,saponins,tannins,flavonoids,glycosides,phenols,and terpenes were detected in each *** these samples,the extract from northwest exhibited the highest larvicidal activity(LC50=263.02 ppm),followed by southeast and southwest extracts(LC50=288.40 and 295.12 ppm,respectively after 48 h),while the extract from southwest exhibited the highest adulticidal activity(LC50=275.42 ppm),followed by northwest and southeast extract(LC50=301.99 and 316.22 ppm,respectively after 24 h).A 50%larva mortality was almost attained at 600 ppm after 48 h duration of exposure to the northwest ***:The tested samples possess strong larvicidal and adulticidal property against Anopheles gambiae which depends on their chemical composition and localities of *** studies are needed to explore the insecticidal activity against a wider range of mosquito species,and to identify active ingredient(s)of the extract responsible for such activity.

关键词： Adulticidal Anopheles gambiae Different localities Larvicidal Phyllanthus amarus

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Toxoplasma gondii infection can induce retinal DNA damage: an experimental study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2014年第3期7卷 431-436页

作者： Nagwa Mostafa El-Sayed Eman Mohamed Aly Department of Medical parasitology Research Institute of Ophthalmology Department of Basic Science Biophysics and Laser Science Unit Research Institute of Ophthalmology

AIM:To detect whether Toxoplasma gondii(***)infection of mice can induce retinal DNA ***:A total of 20 laboratory-bred male Swiss albino mice were used and divided into four groups:control group(non-infected animals);*** infected group;immunosuppressed infected group;and infected group treated with sulfadiazine and *** eyes were collected 6wk post infection and retinas were *** retina was immediately processed for comet assay and the frequency of tailed nuclei(DNA damage)was *** addition,retinal DNA damage was revealed by various comet assay parameters that were provided by the image analysis software including tail length,percentage of DNA in the tail,percentage of tailed cells and tail ***:The obtained results showed that *** infection induced a statistically significant increase in the frequency of tailed nuclei,tail length,percentage of DNA in the tail,and tail moment in mice retinal cells compared to the control group(which showed some degree of DNA damage).In immunosuppressed infected group,retinal DNA damage was severing and there was significant increase in various comet assay parameters compared to both control and infected *** treatment with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine,retinal DNA damage decreased and all comet assay parameters showed a statistical significant decrease compared to infected ***:*** infection can induce DNA damage in mice retinal cells.

关键词： Toxoplasma gondii retinochoroiditis DNA damage comet assay

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Chemoprophylaxis in malaria:drugs,evidence of efficacy and costs

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第4期4卷 330-336页

作者： Sumadhya Deepika Fernando Chaturaka Rodrigo Senaka Rajapakse Department of parasitology Faculty of Medicine University Medical unit National Hospital of Sri Lanka Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine

This review concentrates on different aspects of malaria chemoprophylaxis,namely drug combinations,resistance,impact of malaria prevention in pregnancy and cost effectiveness. A MEDLINE search was performed for all articles with the key word ’Malaria’ in the title field and ’Prophylaxis’ in any *** search was restricted to articles published in English within the last decade(1999-2009).Data sources included review articles published in core clinical journals,cohort studies,interventional studies,case control studies and cross sectional analyses. The mechanism of action,trial evidence of efficacy,side effects and geographical distribution of resistance is discussed for each prophylactic drug *** of prophylaxis in pregnancy and the cost considerations are discussed under two separate sub topics.

关键词： Malaria Prophylaxis Pregnancy Cost

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Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from naturally infected children in north-central Nigeria using the merozoite surface protein-2 as molecular marker

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第8期6卷 589-594页

作者： Segun Isaac Oyedeji Henrietta Oluwatoyin Awobode Chiaka Anumudu Jrgen Kun Department of Biotechnology Bells University of Technology parasitology unit Department of Zoology University of Ibadan Institute of Tropical Medicine Eberhard Karls University

Objective: To characterize the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum ( P. falciparum ) field isolates in children from Lafia, North-central Nigeria, using the highly polymorphic P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP-2) gene as molecular marker. Methods: Three hundred and twenty children were enrolled into the study between 2005 and 2006. These included 140 children who presented with uncomplicated malaria at the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia and another 180 children from the study area with asymptomatic infection. DNA was extracted from blood spot on filter paper and MSP-2 genes were genotyped using allele-specific nested PCR in order to analyze the genetic diversity of parasite isolates. Results: A total of 31 and 34 distinct MSP-2 alleles were identified in the asymptomatic and uncomplicated malaria groups respectively. No difference was found between the multiplicity of infection in the asymptomatic group and that of the uncomplicated malaria group ( P >0.05). However, isolates of the FC27 allele type were dominant in the asymptomatic group whereas isolates of the 3D7 allele type were dominant in the uncomplicated malaria group. Conclusions: This study showed a high genetic diversity of P. falciparum isolates in North-central Nigeria and is comparable to reports from similar areas with high malaria transmission intensity.

关键词： Malaria Plasmodium falciparum MSP-2 Genetic diversity PCR North-central Nigeria

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Insecticide susceptibility status and resistance mechanism of Anopheles cracens Sallum and Peyton and Anopheles maculatus Theobald(Family: Culicidae) from knowlesi malaria endemic areas in Peninsular Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第2期12卷 79-86页

作者： Ahmad Rohani Abdul Rahman Aidil Azahary Ke-Xin Yu Mohamed Nor Zurainee Wan Mohamad Ali Wan Najdah Han Lim Lee Medical Entomology unit Institute for Medical Research(Malaysia) Department of parasitology University of Malaya Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Management and Science University(Malaysia)

Objective: To assess the insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles cracens(***) and Anopheles maculatus(***) from knowlesi malaria endemic areas in Peninsular Malaysia towards DDT, malathion and deltamethrin and to determine the resistance mechanism ***: Adult and larval mosquitos were collected for *** status of Anopheles was determined using the standard WHO adult bioassay, larval bioassay and biochemical enzyme ***: WHO adult bioassay results indicated *** collected from Kampung Sungai Ular, Pahang was resistant towards 4% DDT, while *** collected from Kampung Sokor, Kelantan and Kampung Sungai Lui, Selangor exhibited resistance towards 4% ***, the enzyme activity profiles varied according to strains and *** resistance ratio of larval bioassay, showed that all strains and species tested were susceptible to malathion and ***: Since only a few anopheline strains exhibited low level of insecticide resistance towards malathion, DDT and *** insecticides are still considered effective for vector control program towards *** and ***.

关键词： Insecticide susceptibility Vector control WHO adult bioassay Biochemical enzyme assay

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Giardia duodenalis infection among rural communities in Yemen:A community-based assessment of the prevalence and associated risk factors

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第10期10卷 987-995页

作者： Hesham M.Al-Mekhlafi Endemic and Tropical Diseases unit Medical Research CenterJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia Department of parasitology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of parasitology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSana'a UniversitySana'aYemen

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Giardia infection among rural communities among rural communities in ***: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 605 stool samples were collected and screened for the presence of Giardia duodenalis(***) cysts and/or trophozoites by using three different diagnostic methods: direct smear, formalin-ether sedimentation,and trichrome staining.A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information on the demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural and environmental characteristics of the ***: Overall, 28.1%(170/605) of the participants were infected by *** prevalence was significantly higher among male participants compared to female(P = 0.034); however, it was not significant among different age groups(P > 0.05).Univariate and multivariate analyses identified four variables as the significant key risk factors of Giardia infection among the sampled *** are, in addition to being of the male gender, using unsafe water sources for drinking water, not washing hands after defecation, presence of other family members infected with Giardia, and close contact with domestic ***: The study reveals that Giardia infection is still prevalent among rural communities in *** provision of clean and safe drinking water, proper sanitation,and health education regarding personal hygiene practices, particularly handwashing, as well as identifying and treating infected family members is imperative and these interventions should be considered in a strategy to control intestinal parasites among these communities in order to curtail the transmission and morbidity caused by ***.

关键词： Giardia duodenalis Prevalence Risk factors Yemen

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Predicted essential proteins of Plasmodium falciparum for potential drug targets

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第5期5卷 352-354页

作者： Qing-Feng He Li Deng Qin-Ying Xu Zheng Shao Department of parasitology Guangdong Medical College

Objective:To identify novel drug targets for treatment of Plasmodium ***: Local *** were used to find the proteins non-homologous to human essential proteins as novel drug *** domains of novel drug targets were identified by InterPro and Pfam.3D structures of potential drug targets were predicated by the SWISS-MODEL workspace. Ligands and ligand-binding sites of the proteins were searched by ***:Three essential proteins were identified that might be considered as potential drug ***37254.1 belonged to 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase,CAD50499.1 belonged to chorismale synthase,CAD51220.1 belonged to FAD binging 3 family,but the function of CAD51220.1 was *** 3D structures,ligands and ligand-binding sites of AAM37254.1 and CAD50499.1 were successfully ***:Two of these potential drug targets are key enzymes in 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway and shikimate pathway, which are absent in humans,so these two essential proteins are good potential drug *** function and 3D structures of CAD50499.1 is still unknown,it still need further study.

关键词： Plasmodium falciparum Essential proteins Database of essential genes Druggability Potential drug targets

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Neutrophil extracellular traps in the intestinal mucosa of Eimeria-infected animals

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第4期6卷 301-307页

作者： Tamara Munoz-Caro Liliana Machado Ribeiro da Silva Zaida Renteria-Solis Anja Taubert Carlos Hermosilla Institute of parasitology Justus Liebig University Giessen

Objective:To investigate the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs) in vivo by analysing intestinal sections from experimentally Eimeria bovis-and naturally Eimeria arloingi-infected ***:Intestinal samples of Eimeria arloingi-and Eimeria bovis-infected animals were analysed by using immunohistochemical and fluorescence approach by using monoclonal ***:Classical NET components were confirmed by co-localization of extracellular DNA being decorated with neutrophil elastase and histones in Eimeria-infected tissue ***,extrusion of NETs was exclusively detected in intestinal polymorphonuclear neutrophils infiltrating Eimeria-infected *** vivo NETs were either found in close proximity or in direct contact to different Eimeria stages suggesting a stage-independent *** were also found within the gut lumen driven by polymorphonuclear neutrophils that were contacting released ***:We postulate that NETs might play an important role in innate defence reactions in coccidiosis therefore significantly altering the outcome of infection.

关键词： Eimeria bovis Eimeria arloingi Neutrophil extracellular traps Apicomplexa Coccidiosis

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