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A flexible,thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve recording

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongcheon Lim Peter A.Zoss Terry L.Powley Hyowon Lee Matthew P.Ward Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Center for Implantable Devices Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)plays an important role in regulating physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract by communicating via the parasympathetic pathway to the enteric nervous system(ENS).However,the lack of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the development of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the VN.To better understand the complicated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurophysiology,it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication technologies.Among several candidates including intraneural probe array and extraneural cuff electrodes,microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the separate channel structures.Previous microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200µm.The thick design can potentially harm the delicate tissue structures,including the nerve itself.In this paper,we present a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device(thickness:11.5µm)that can interface with one of the subdiaphragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a rat.We demonstrated recording evoked compound action potentials(ECAP)from a transected nerve ending that has multiple nerve fibers.Moreover,our analysis confirmed that the signals are from C-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurophysiology in the GI tract.

关键词： electrode recording film

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Sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke:clinical relevance and management strategies for the neurologist

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第3期7卷 258-266页

作者： Kevin C J Yuen Valerie Sharf Elizabeth Smith Minhwan Kim Alissya S M Yuen Paul R MacDonald Departments of Neuroendocrinology and Neurosurgery Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA University of Arizona College of Medicine and Creighton School of Medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA Midwestern University GlendaleIllinoisUSA Creighton University School of Medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA University of California Davis DavisCaliforniaUSA

Sodium and water perturbations,manifesting as hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,are common in patients who had an acute stroke,and are associated with worse outcomes and increased mortality.Other non-stroke related causes of sodium and water perturbations in these patients include underlying comorbidities and concomitant medications.Additionally,hospitalised patients who had an acute stroke may receive excessive intravenous hypotonic solutions,have poor fluid intake due to impaired neurocognition and consciousness,may develop sepsis or are administered drugs(eg,mannitol);factors that can further alter serum sodium levels.Sodium and water perturbations can also be exacerbated by the development of endocrine consequences after an acute stroke,including secondary adrenal insufficiency,syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and diabetes insipidus.Recently,COVID-19 infection has been reported to increase the risk of development of sodium and water perturbations that may further worsen the outcomes of patients who had an acute stroke.Because there are currently no accepted consensus guidelines on the management of sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke,we conducted a systematic review of the literature published in English and in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and December 2020,according to PRISMA guidelines,to assess on the current knowledge and clinical practices of this condition.In this review,we discuss the signs and symptoms of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,the pathogenesis of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,their clinical relevance,and we provide our recommendations for effective treatment strategies for the neurologist in the management of sodium and water perturbations in commonly encountered aetiologies of patients who had an acute stroke.

关键词： patients impaired consequences

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Assessing reservoir connectivity with pressure/rate surveillance data

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Petroleum Science 2023年第2期20卷 1077-1086页

作者： G.F.J.Al-Khmaysawee Z.Reza C.S.Kabir Missouri University of Sci.&Tech. RollaMOUSA University of Oklahoma NormanOKUSA Incendium Technologies Round RockTXUSA

Estimating reservoir connectivity is critical for assessing infill-drilling prospects and initiating fluid injection in enhanced oil recovery operations. Several methods have appeared in the literature over decades to meet these business needs, given that all tools, including seismic imaging, have limitations. Besides imaging, geochemical fingerprinting constitutes a powerful tool to gauge the compartmentalization question. However, real-time pressure/rate surveillance data allows assessing interwell connectivity vis-à-vis the overall drainage volume.This study presents a simplified approach to using the reciprocal-productivity index (RPI) vs. the total-material-balance time (tTMB) plot. This tool exhibits the same slope for those wells in the same compartment beyond the start of the boundary-dominated flow (BDF) period. The wells showing different slopes imply that they are in separate drainage volumes. The early-time transient period remains muted to minimize confusion on this Cartesian plot. We validated the proposed tool's efficacy with 2D and 3D models with increased degrees of reservoir complexity, followed by the verification phase with four field examples. The use of other analytical tools complemented our findings.

关键词： Reservoir compartmentalization Reciprocal-productivity index Total material-balance time Analysis of boundary-dominated flow period

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Zwitterionic peptides:Tunable next-generation stealth nanoparticle modifications

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第9期27卷 113-124页

作者： Clyde Overby Soomin Park Austin Summers Danielle S.W.Benoit Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNYUSA Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of RochesterRochesterNYUSA Department of Biology University of Rochester RochesterNYUSA Department of Biology Duquesne UniversityPAUSA Department of Chemical Engineering University of RochesterRochesterNYUSA Materials Science Program University of RochesterRochesterNYUSA Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of BioengineeringUniversity of OregonEugeneORUSA

Adsorption of proteins to nanoparticles(NPs),a complex process that results in a protein corona,is controlled by NP surface properties that define NP interactions in vivo.Efforts to control adsorbed protein quantity through surface modification have led to improvements in circulation time or biodistribution.Still,current approaches have yet to be identified to control adsorbed protein identities within the corona.Here,we report the development and characterization of diverse zwitterionic peptides(ZIPs)for NP anti-fouling surface functionalization with specific and controllable affinity for protein adsorption profiles defined by ZIP sequence.Through serum exposure of ZIP-conjugated NPs and proteomics analysis of the resulting corona,we determined that protein adsorption profiles depend not on the exact composition of the ZIPs but on the sequence and order of charges along the sequence(charge motif).These findings pave the way for developing tunable ZIPs to orchestrate specific ZIP-NP protein adsorption profiles as a function of ZIP charge motif to better control cell and tissue specificity and pharmacokinetics and provide new tools for investigating relationships between protein corona and biological function.Furthermore,overall ZIP diversity enabled by the diversity of amino acids may ameliorate adaptive immune responses.

关键词： Nanoparticles Protein corona Surface functionalization Peptide design Cellular uptake

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Authentic leadership and employees’job performance:mediation effect of positive employee health

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Journal of Management Analytics 2023年第3期10卷 566-582页

作者： Yan Liu Bryan Fuller Kim Hester Hong Chen Indiana University East RichmondINUSA Louisiana Tech University RustonLAUSA Arkansas State University JonesboroARUSA

In light of global competition and the COVID-19 pandemic,organizations are encountering an increasingly challenging and unpredictable environment.Consequently,employees are experiencing heightened levels of job strain.This study aims to explore the impact of various organizational mechanisms on promoting positive employee health within the organization,ultimately affecting employees’job performance.The findings of this study indicate that authentic leadership and the absence of organizational politics are significant predictors of positive employee health.Moreover,positive employee health has a positive influence on supervisor-rated job performance through its effect on job engagement.This study serves as a valuable resource for organizations,shedding light on the fundamental factors that contribute to positive employee health.It also raises managers’awareness of the importance of nurturing and sustaining employees’emotional and physical well-being to maintain competitiveness in the market.

关键词： Positive employee health job performance authentic leadership job engagement

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Voltage Stability Constrained Optimal Power Flow for Unbalanced Distribution System Based on Semidefinite Programming

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第6期10卷 1614-1624页

作者： Yanling Lin Xiaohu Zhang Jianhui Wang Di Shi Desong Bian GEIRI North America San JoseUSA Southern Methodist University DallasUSA

This paper proposes a voltage stability constrained optimal power flow(VSC-OPF)for an unbalanced distribution system with distributed generators(DGs)based on semidefinite programming(SDP).The AC optimal power flow(ACOPF)for unbalanced distribution systems is formulated as a chordal relaxation-based SDP model.The minimal singular value(MSV)of the power flow Jacobian matrix is adopted to indicate the voltage stability margin.The Jacobian matrix can be explicitly expressed by ACOPF state variables.The nonlinear constraint on the Jacobian MSV is then replaced with its maximal convex subset using linear matrix inequality(LMI),which can be incorporated in the SDP-based ACOPF formulation.A penalty technique is leveraged to improve the exactness of the SDP relaxation.Case studies performed on several IEEE test systems validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Voltage stability semidefinite programming Jacobian matrix optimal power flow

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The proteome of distal nerves: implication in delayed repair and poor functional recovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1998-2006页

作者： Song Guo Raymond M.Moore M.Cristine Charlesworth Kenneth L.Johnson Robert J.Spinner Anthony J.Windebank Huan Wang Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Proteomics Core Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Neurology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Chronic denervation is one of the key factors that affect nerve regeneration.Chronic axotomy deteriorates the distal nerve stump,causes protein changes,and renders the microenvironment less permissive for regeneration.Some of these factors/proteins have been individually studied.To better delineate the comprehensive protein expression profiles and identify proteins that contribute to or are associated with this detrimental effect,we carried out a proteomic analysis of the distal nerve using an established delayed rat sciatic nerve repair model.Four rats that received immediate repair after sciatic nerve transection served as control,whereas four rats in the experimental group(chronic denervation)had their sciatic nerve repaired after a 12-week delay.All the rats were sacrificed after 16 weeks to harvest the distal nerves for extracting proteins.Twenty-five micrograms of protein from each sample were fractionated in SDS-PAGE gels.NanoLC-MS/MS analysis was applied to the gels.Protein expression levels of nerves on the surgery side were compared to those on the contralateral side.Any protein with a P value of less than 0.05 and a fold change of 4 or higher was deemed differentially expressed.All the differentially expressed proteins in both groups were further stratified according to the biological processes.A PubMed search was also conducted to identify the differentially expressed proteins that have been reported to be either beneficial or detrimental to nerve regeneration.Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)software was used for pathway analysis.The results showed that 709 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the delayed repair group,with a bigger proportion of immune and inflammatory process-related proteins and a smaller proportion of proteins related to axon regeneration and lipid metabolism in comparison to the control group where 478 differentially expressed proteins were identified.The experimental group also had more beneficial proteins that were downregulated and more detrimental proteins that

关键词： chronic axotomy chronic denervation delayed repair distal nerve functional recovery nerve regeneration peripheral nerve prolonged denervation proteome sciatic nerve sciatic nerve transection

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High-Throughput Field Plant Phenotyping:A Self-Supervised Sequential CNN Method to Segment Overlapping Plants

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第2期5卷 285-294页

作者： Xingche Guo Yumou Qiu Dan Nettleton Patrick S.Schnable Department of Statistics Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Plant Sciences Institute Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA

High-throughput plant phenotyping—the use of imaging and remote sensing to record plant growth dynamics—is becoming more widely used.The first step in this process is typically plant segmentation,which requires a well-labeled training dataset to enable accurate segmentation of overlapping plants.However,preparing such training data is both time and labor intensive.To solve this problem,we propose a plant image processing pipeline using a self-supervised sequential convolutional neural network method for in-field phenotyping systems.This first step uses plant pixels from greenhouse images to segment nonoverlapping in-field plants in an early growth stage and then applies the segmentation results from those early-stage images as training data for the separation of plants at later growth stages.The proposed pipeline is efficient and self-supervising in the sense that no human-labeled data are needed.We then combine this approach with functional principal components analysis to reveal the relationship between the growth dynamics of plants and genotypes.We show that the proposed pipeline can accurately separate the pixels of foreground plants and estimate their heights when foreground and background plants overlap and can thus be used to efficiently assess the impact of treatments and genotypes on plant growth in a field environment by computer vision techniques.This approach should be useful for answering important scientific questions in the area of high-throughput phenotyping.

关键词： computer preparing Plant

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Vaccine-associated myocarditis:a case report and summary of the literature

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第6期13卷 485-487页

作者： Joshua Davis Lauren Jennings University of Kansas School of Medicine Wichita 67214USA Vituity Wichita 67214USA American Red Cross in Hazelwood Missouri 63042USA

Dear editor,Myocarditis is a known complication of vaccines for COVID-19,particularly mRNA vaccines.While it is rare,the exact incidence of vaccine-associated myocarditis is unknown.Proponents of personal choice in vaccination decisions often cite the risk of myocarditis as a reason one might choose not to receive the COVID-19 vaccination.Herein,we describe a case of focal myocarditis associated with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and review the literature on the incidence and risk of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis.

关键词： myocarditis vaccine Pfizer

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Endarterectomy for symptomatic non-stenotic carotids: a systematic review and descriptive analysis

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第1期7卷 6-12页

作者： Anthony Larson Valentina Nardi Waleed Brinjikji John Benson Giuseppe Lanzino Luis Savastano Department of Radiology Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA Neurosurgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA

Objective To systematically analyse prior reports of carotid endarterectomy(CEA)performed in cases of≤50%carotid stenosis in order to understand patient tolerance and potential benefit.Methods A systematic review and descriptive analysis was performed in concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.An English-language search was performed of online databases using librarian-selected search terms.Abstracts were reviewed for relevance which included mention of carotid endarterectomy and stenosis.Prospective or retrospective observational cohort studies that reported series of patients who underwent endarterectomy for minimal(≤50%)luminal stenosis with reported outcomes were included.Results Six studies(which included our institutional series)with a total of 143 patients met the inclusion criteria.The weighted mean age at the time of CEA was 72.3 years;113(79.0%)were male.55.8%of patients with available data had recurrent ipsilateral ischaemic events despite medical therapy.Two patients out of 129 with available perioperative data(1.6%)had perioperative MRI findings of acute ischaemic stroke,both within the hemisphere contralateral to the side of CEA.Of the 138 patients with available follow-up(mean,36 months),none had recurrent ipsilateral ischaemic events.Conclusions Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid disease causing≤50%stenosis may be a potentially beneficial strategy to prevent stroke recurrence.Studies with robust methodology are needed to draw more definitive conclusions in terms of the safety and efficacy of endarterectomy for minimal stenosis with vulnerable features relative to intensive medical therapy.

关键词： carotid stenosis analysis

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