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Bacteriological Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Predictors of Bacteremia in Neonates with Clinical Sepsis at KCMC Hospital, Northern tanzania

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第4期14卷 647-668页

作者： Nyemo P. Kwanga Aisa Shayo Rune Philemon Arnold Likiliwike Mselle Mathew Elise Kimambo Phillip Mrindoko Grace Kinabo Levina Msuya Hans Maro Raimos Olomi Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Moshi Tanzania unicef tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Background: Despite a significant decline in neonatal deaths in the last 20 years (5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019), the risk of death is still high, especially in developing countries. In tanzania, neonatal sepsis is the third leading cause of neonatal death, accounting for 25% of all deaths. The rising global threat of antimicrobial resistance and the rising burden of neonatal death due to neonatal sepsis have been of great concern and have delayed progress toward reaching SDG goal 3.2 by 2030. This study aims to determine the bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and predictors of bacteremia among neonates with clinical sepsis at KCMC Hospital in Northern tanzania. Methodology: This study had a cross-sectional design conducted at KCMC Hospital, Northern tanzania. The study population was neonates admitted to the neonatal unit at KCMC Hospital. Data were collected using questionnaires and blood cultures from neonates. Frequencies and proportions were used to summarize categorical variables, while continuous variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation. The frequencies and proportions of bacteria isolated and the antimicrobial susceptibility results were analyzed and compared using Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test where applicable. Modified Poisson regression model was used to determine factors associated with positive blood culture. Results: Out of 411 neonates with a clinical diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, 175 (42.9%) had positive blood cultures. Gram-positive bacteria were most frequently isolated at 52.3%, and gram-negative bacteria were 47.7%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (30.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.9%) were the predominant gram-positive isolates. Gram-negative isolates were Klebsiella spp 47 (26.7%), E. coli 10 (5.7%), and Citrobacter spp 10 (5.1%). The gram-positive isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ceftazidime, whereas the gram-negative were sensi

关键词： Bacteriological Profile Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Clinical Sepsis Neonates

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Characterization of the accommodation zones along restraining and releasing bends from analogue modelling simulating the seagap fault,off-shore tanzania

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Petroleum Research 2021年第4期6卷 431-442页

作者： Nasra Sadiki Godson Godfray Michael Msabi Department of Mining and Mineral Processing Engineering University of DodomaTanzania Department of Geology University of DodomaTanzania

The study aims to understand geometry and evolution of accommodation zones along restraining and releasing bends in strike slip systems which is often complex and characterized by sharp change in polarity,resulting in a difficult characterization of traps location.A batch of sandbox modelling experiments was performed using a layered scaled sand *** setup parameters of the wooden baseplates used in the first two experiments(SS1 and SS2)are basement offset of 6.5 cm/3 cm,90/90stepovers in releasing and restraining bends of total 96 cm length and 25 cm *** third experiment(SS3)was performed with basement offset of 6.5 cm/3 cm,156/126stepovers in releasing and restraining bends of total 96 cm length and 25 cm *** experiments were performed with special attention to the role of syn-kinematic sedimentation and the pre-existing structure of the basement.A sequence of pop-up and pull-apart structures was *** the main structures,complex fault trend was compatible with a sinistral riedel distribution and a counterclockwise rotation of pre-existent *** of fault's polarity at depth and dip direction flipping of high angle faults in accommodation zones were clearly *** more,progressive propagation of the pop-up structures produces a spectacular inversion of adjacent extensional *** results of the model with the Seagap fault zone,it is possible to put in evidence similar fault orientation and *** structures developed were strongly influenced by syn-kinematic sedimentation as observed by characteristic helicoidal shape of growth *** analogue models clearly describe how boundary faults of the pull-apart basin along a paired bend,initially characterized by a normal kinematic can be subsequently inverted in the later stages,which can potentially have a strong impact on the petroleum system.

关键词： Sandbox experiments Seagap faults Syn-kinematic sedimentation Restraining and releasing bends

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High prevalence of epilepsy in two rural onchocerciasis endemic villages in the Mahenge area,tanzania,after 20 years of community directed treatment with ivermectin

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 622-634页

作者： Bruno P.Mmbando Patrick Suykerbuyk Mohamed Mnacho Advocatus Kakorozya William Matuja Adam Hendy Helena Greter Williams H.Makunde Robert Colebunders National Institute for Medical Research Tanga Research CentreTangaTanzania Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Muhimbili National Hospital Dar es SalaamTanzania Enhance tanzania Foundation Dar es SalaamTanzania Muhimbili University of Health and allied Sciences Dar es SalaamTanzania University of Texas Medical Branch GalvestonTXUSA

Background:Epilepsy is a neurological disorder with a multitude of underlying causes,which may include infection with Onchocerca volvulus,the parasitic worm that causes human onchocerciasis.A survey carried out in 1989 revealed a high prevalence of epilepsy(1.02%overall,ranging from 0.51 to 3.71%in ten villages)in the Mahenge area of Ulanga district,an onchocerciasis endemic region in south eastern *** study aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy following 20 years of onchocerciasis control through annual community directed treatment with ivermectin(CDTI).Methods:The study was conducted in January 2017 in two suburban and two rural villages in the Mahenge ***-todoor household visits were carried out by trained community health workers and data assistants to screen for persons suspected of having epilepsy,using a standardised *** with suspected epilepsy were then interviewed and examined by a neurologist for case *** associated epilepsy was defined as epilepsy without an obvious cause,with an onset of seizures between the ages of 3-18 years in previously healthy *** each village,fifty males aged≥20 years were tested for onchocerciasis antibodies using an OV16 rapid test and were examined for presence of onchocerciasis *** aged 6-10 years were also tested using OV16 ***:5117 individuals(median age 18.5 years,53.2%female)from 1168 households were screened.244(4.8%)were suspected of having epilepsy and invited for neurological *** of epilepsy was 2.5%,with the rural villages having the highest rate(3.5%vs 1.5%),P<*** incidence of epilepsy was 111 cases(95%CI:73-161)per 100000 person-years,while that of onchocerciasis associated epilepsy was 131(95%CI:70-223).Prevalence of OV16 antibodies in adult males and among children 6-10 years old was higher in rural villages than in suburban villages(76.5%vs 50.6,and 42.6%vs 4.7%respectively),(P

关键词： Epilepsy Onchocerciasis Mahenge tanzania

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Social perception of soil conservation benefits in Kondoa eroded area of tanzania

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2015年第3期3卷 183-195页

作者： Rajendra P.Shrestha Paul J.Ligonja Asian Institute of Technology BangkokThailand Open University of tanzania Tanzania

A soil conservation project was implemented in tanzania for over 30 *** study applied a socio-economic approach to examine and analyse the benefits of soil conservation in the Kondoa eroded area of tanzania by conducting a household survey of 240 *** study findings show that 89%and 70%of respondents consider soil conservation activities have increased vegetation and soil fertility,*** soil erosion was perceived by 68%of respondents,increased firewood by 98%,increased fodder by 50%,high crop yields by 56%,and food sufficiency by 68%.These are the outcomes of conservation tillage,integrated farming and use of organic fertilizers,controlled stall feeding,agroforestry,construction of cut off drains,contour bunds and contour ridges cultivation,which are the main land use practices in the *** to extension services,household sizes,long term land ownership,crop incomes and awareness of soil conservation project were found to determine the level of participation in soil *** challenges are the lack of sustainability of those activities because of a recent policy decision to withdraw conservation *** the challenge,this study concluded that past government efforts on soil conservation activities initiated since the early 1970s through decentralization,institutional collaboration,socioeconomic support to farmers and continuous local community participation in restoring the degraded ecosystem of Kondoa have contributed to ensure environmental and socio-economic sustainability in the area.

关键词： Kondoa eroded area Environmental and livelihood sustainability Social perceptions Soil conservation

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Reproduction and population dynamics of Mastomys natalensis Smith, 1834 in an agricultural landscape in the Western Usambara Mountains, tanzania

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 233-238页

作者： Rhodes H.MAKUNDI Apia W.MASSAWE Loth S.MULUNGU Pest Management Center Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania

The multimammate rat,Mastomys natalensis Smith 1834,is a dominant species in agro-ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa,but adapts quickly to changes in non-agricultural landscape,particularly woodlands and *** this study we report on reproduction and population dynamics of *** in deforested high elevation localities in the Usambara Mountains,north-east *** conducted Capture-Mark-Recapture studies in 2002-2004,and established that reproduction of *** takes place in the extended wet season between February and June,and the population density peaks in *** cease in July to January and population density drops from July *** and population density fluctuations are linked to the duration and amount of *** years when rainfall was below average and the wet season was short,the population density was significantly lower(below 10 animals/ha and 60 animals/ha in 2003 and 2004 respectively,compared to>100 animals/ha in 2002 when rainfall was above the seasonal average)(Fdf 2,13=9.092,ptanzania.A comparison between the farmland/fallow mosaic fields and agro-forestry areas showed higher population densities in the former,which have similarities to the preferred habitats in the lowland *** increasing abundance of *** in the Usambara could have some consequences:*** is major pest and is involved in the plague cycle in the western Usambara *** natalensis is also a strong competitor and the impact on endemic rodent species,*** flavopunctatus and Praomys delectorum is unknown.

关键词： Mastomys population dynamics reproduction tanzania.

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Depression,suicidality and associated risk factors among police officers in urban tanzania:a cross-sectional study

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General Psychiatry 2021年第3期34卷 135-142页

作者： Belinda Jackson Njiro Harrieth Peter Ndumwa Charles Joseph Msenga Thomas Kawala Ezekiel Matola Juhudi Mhonda Hillary Corbin Omary Ubuguyu Samuel Likindikoki School of Medicine Muhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesDar es SalaamTanzaniaUnited Republic of Medical Unit Tanzania Police ForceDar es SalaamTanzaniaUnited Republic of National NCD Prevention and Control Program Ministry of HealthCommunityDevelopmentGenderElderly and ChildrenDodomaTanzaniaUnited Republic of

Background The WHO has classified depression as a disease of public *** officers are a particular subpopulation group that is at an increased risk for mental health *** study examined the prevalence of depression,suicidality and associated risk factors among police officers in urban *** The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of depression,suicidality and associated risk factors among police officers in *** A cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2019 and October 2020 among 550 participants in Dar es Salaam recruited using a multistage cluster sampling *** Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to screen for depression and *** Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-12 tool was used to measure perceived social *** statistics were summarised using frequencies and *** and multivariate analyses were used to establish associations between predictors of interest,depression and *** There were 497 participants in the *** these,76.6%(376 of 491)were men,and the median(IQR)age was 37.0(17)*** 19.8%(96 of 486)of the police officers screened positive for depression and 15.4%(75 of 413)for suicidality.A significant proportion was either moderately(29 of 96,30.2%)or severely depressed(8 of 75,10.7%).Of those who experienced suicidal thoughts,10.7%(8 of 75)reported having daily suicidal *** low social support was associated with an increased risk of reporting depression(adjusted OR(aOR):28.04,95%CI:8.42 to 93.37,ptanzania is alarmingly *** study findings indicate the need for routine screening for depression and suicidality among police officers and design appropriate mental health responsive services in thi

关键词： routine sectional urban

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Knowledge, perception and practices about malaria, climate change, livelihoods and food security among rural communities of central tanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 176-184页

作者： Benjamin K Mayala Carolyn A Fahey Dorothy Wei Maria M Zinga Venera M Bwana Tabitha Mlacha Susan F Rumisha Grades Stanley Elizabeth H Shayo Leonard EG Mboera National Institute for Medical Research Dar es SalaamTanzania Georgetown University WashingtonDCUSA Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando MwanzaTanzania

Background:Understanding the interactions between malaria and agriculture in tanzania is of particular significance when considering that they are the major sources of illness and *** objective of this study was to determine knowledge,perceptions and practices as regards to malaria,climate change,livelihoods and food insecurity in a rural farming community in central ***:Using a cross-sectional design,heads of households were interviewed on their knowledge and perceptions on malaria transmission,symptoms and prevention and knowledge and practices as regards to climate change and food ***:A total of 399 individuals(mean age=39.8±15.5 years)were ***(62.41%)of them had attained primary school education and majority(91.23%)were involved in crop farming *** all(94.7%)knew that malaria is acquired through a mosquito *** quarters(73%)reported that most people get sick from malaria during the rainy *** 50%of the respondents felt that malaria had decreased during the last 10 *** household coverage of insecticide treated mosquito nets(ITN)was high(95.5%).Ninety-six percent reported to have slept under a mosquito net the previous *** one in four understood the official Kiswahili term(Mabadiliko ya Tabia Nchi)for climate ***,there was a general understanding that the rain patterns have changed in the past 10 ***-two percent believed that the temperature has increased during the same *** quarters of the respondents reported that they had no sufficient production from their own farms to guarantee food security in their household for the *** quarters(73.0%)reported to having food shortages in the past five *** half said they most often experienced severe food shortage during the rainy ***:Farming communities in Kilosa District have little knowledge on climate change and its impact on malaria *** insecurity is common and comm

关键词： Malaria Agriculture Climate change Food insecurity Knowledge Practice tanzania

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Paleoclimatical significance of the paleosol levels occurring in the Miocene-Pleistocene stratigraphy of the Manonga-Wembere Valley inCentral tanzania

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Episodes 2004年第2期27卷 107-111页

作者： PeterD.Kafumu MinistryofEnergyandMineralsP.O.Box2000 DarEsSalaamTanzania.

Micromorphological characteristics of four paleosol levels of the Manonga - Wembere deposits in Central tanzania indicate periods of wetter climate in the Pliocene than at present. The stratigraphy of the studied section shows a series of lacustrine calcareous clay sediments alternating with gravel, sand and silt. The sediments are believed to have been deposited in the Manonga - Wembere paleolake environment. Paleosols intercalate these sediments and were formed when stable landscapes developed on former lake beds during regression periods. Micromorphological features of the paleosols indicate strong clay illuviation of red to yellow typic clay coating and some Fe-Mn hydoxide hypocoatings in voids and channels. The groundmass consists of either an accumulation of bioturbated yellow to red clay coating fragments or an argillic red to yellow groundmass of clay mass. Such an illuviation and its associated groundmass is comparable to intense clay illuviation fronts that are found in present-day calcareous sediments of warm and wet climates. The paleosol levels therefore represent wetter climatic conditions than today in the area during the Lower Pliocene.

关键词：古土壤中新世沉积物坦桑尼亚

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Pattern of congenital anomalies among pediatric surgical patients in a tertiary care hospital in northern tanzania

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2022年第4期5卷 235-239页

作者： Faraja Mussa Magwesela Happiness Rabiel Catherine Mlelwa Mung'ong'o Arusha Lutheran Medical Centre ArushaTanzania Neurosurgery Arusha Lutheran Medical CentreArushaTanzania Pediatric Surgery Arusha Lutheran Medical CentreArushaTanzania

Background Congenital anomalies are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age and make a significant contribution to the surgical burden of *** anomalies have multifactorial causes and commonly affect the central nervous,cardiovascular,gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal *** with improved pediatric surgical care have shown dramatic reductions in morbidity and mortality *** aim of this study was to analyze the pattern of congenital anomalies presenting in our surgical departments in patients under 5 years of *** A retrospective descriptive study was *** were obtained from clinical records of patients under 5 years of age,who underwent surgical correction of their congenital anomalies between 2017 and *** was done to identify the proportion of congenital anomalies managed in our *** Congenital anomalies contributed 4.6%of overall surgical ***,822 patients with congenital anomalies were included for *** most commonly diagnosed congenital anomaly was inguinal hernia,followed by hydrocephalus,neural tube defects and cleft *** most commonly affected system was the central nervous system,anterior abdominal wall,orofacial and digestive system in decreasing order of *** of our patients presented outside the neonatal period(84.4%),and few(16.1%)had more than one system *** children comprised 64%.Conclusions Delayed presentation of children with congenital anomalies is still a significant problem in our *** through nutritional supplementation and antenatal screening is *** true epidemiology of congenital anomalies in northern tanzania is still obscure.

关键词： patients congenital surgical

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Changing climate patterns risk the spread of Varroa destructor infestation of African honey bees in tanzania

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 553-563页

作者： Richard A.Giliba Issa H.Mpinga Sood A.Ndimuligo Mathew M.Mpanda School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box 447ArushaTanzania Beekeeping Training Institute P.O.Box 62TaboraTanzania Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis(CEES) Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Background:Climate change creates opportune conditions that favour the spread of pests and diseases outside their known active *** climate change scenarios is oftentimes useful tool to assess the climate analogues to unveil the potential risk of spreading suitability conditions for pests and diseases and hence allows development of appropriate responses to address the impending *** the current study,we modelled the impact of climate change on the distribution of Varroa destructor,a parasitic mite that attacks all life forms of honey bees and remains a significant threat to their survival and productivity of bee products in tanzania and ***:The data about the presence of *** were collected in eight regions of tanzania selected in consideration of several factors including potentials for beekeeping activities,elevation(highlands ***)and differences in climatic conditions.A total of 19 bioclimatic datasets covering the entire country were used for developing climate scenarios of mid-century 2055 and late-century 2085 for both rcp4.5 and *** thereafter modelled the current and future risk distribution of *** using ***:The results indicated a model performance of AUC=0.85,with mean diurnal range in temperature(Bio2,43.9%),mean temperature(Bio1,20.6%)and mean annual rainfall(Bio12,11.7%)as the important *** risk projections indicated mixed responses of the potential risk of spreads of ***,exhibiting both decrease and increases in the mid-century 2055 and late-century 2085 on different ***,there is a general decline of highly suitable areas of *** in mid-and late-century across all scenarios(rcp4.5 and rcp8.5).The moderately suitable areas indicated a mixed response in mid-century with decline(under rcp4.5)and increase(under rcp8.5)and consistent increase in late *** marginally suitable areas show a decline in mid-century and increase in late-centu

关键词： Apis mellifera Apiculture Varroa destructor Honey bee diseases

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