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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus： a comprehensive review

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Frontiers of Medicine 2016年第2期10卷 120-136页

作者： Mahmoud M. Shehata Mokhtar R. Gomaa Mohamed A. Ali Ghazi Kayali Center of Scientific Excellence for influenza Viruses National Research Centre Giza Egypt Department of Infectious Diseases St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 USA

The Middle East respiratory syndrome eoronavirus was first identified in 2012 and has since then remained uncontrolled. Cases have been mostly reported in the Middle East, however travel-associated cases and outbreaks have also occurred. Nosocomial and zoonotic transmission of the virus appear to he the most important routes. The infection is severe and highly fatal thus necessitating rapid and efficacious interventions. Here, we performed a comprehensive review of published literature and summarized the epidemiology of the virus. In addition, we summarized the virological aspects of the infection and reviewed the animal models used as well as vaccination and antiviral tested against it.

关键词： MERS coronavirus review

Conservation of T cell epitopes between seasonal influenza viruses and the novel influenza A H7N9 virus

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Virologica Sinica 2014年第3期29卷 170-175页

作者： Huawei Mao Hui-Ling Yen Yinping Liu Yu-Lung Lau J.S.Malik Peiris Wenwei Tu Department of Paediatrics The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine The University of Hong Kong centre of influenza Research School of Public Health The University of Hong Kong

A novel avian influenza A(H7N9) virus recently emerged in the Yangtze River delta and caused diseases, often severe, in over 130 people. This H7N9 virus appeared to infect humans with greater ease than previous avian influenza virus subtypes such as H5N1 and H9N2. While there are other potential explanations for this large number of human infections with an avian influenza virus, we investigated whether a lack of conserved T-cell epitopes between endemic H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses and the novel H7N9 virus contributes to this observation. Here we demonstrate that a number of T cell epitopes are conserved between endemic H1N1 and H3N2 viruses and H7N9 virus. Most of these conserved epitopes are from viral internal proteins. The extent of conservation between endemic human seasonal influenza and avian influenza H7N9 was comparable to that with the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. Thus, the ease of inter-species transmission of H7N9 viruses(compared with avian H5N1 viruses) cannot be attributed to the lack of conservation of such T cell epitopes. On the contrary, our findings predict significant T-cell based cross-reactions in the human population to the novel H7N9 virus. Our findings also have implications for H7N9 virus vaccine design.

关键词： H7N9 influenza virus T cell epitope conservation clinical phenotype vaccine immunity

Epidemiological and Virological Surveillance of Seasonal influenza Viruses—China,2020–2021

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China CDC weekly 2021年第44期3卷 918-922页

作者： Weijuan Huang Xiyan Li Minju Tan Yanhui Cheng Tao Chen Hejiang Wei Xiaoxu Zeng Yiran Xie Jia Liu Ning Xiao Lei Yang Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on InfluenzaKey Laboratory for Medical VirologyNational Health CommissionBeijingChina

Introduction:During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,the circulation of seasonal influenza virus declined globally and remained below previous seasonal *** analyzed the results of the epidemiology,antigenic,and genetic characteristics,and antiviral susceptibilities of seasonal influenza viruses isolated from the mainland of China during October 5,2020 through September 5,2021,to better assess the risk of influenza during subsequent influenza season in 2021–***:Positive rates of influenza virus detection during this period were based on real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)detection by the Chinese National influenza Surveillance Network laboratories,and isolated viruses from influenza positive samples were submitted to the Chinese National influenza *** analyses for influenza viruses were conducted using the hemagglutination inhibition ***-generation sequencing was used for genetic *** were tested for resistance to antiviral medications using a phenotypic assay and next-generation ***:In southern China,the influenza positivity rate was elevated especially after March 2021 and was higher than the same period the previous year with the COVID-19 *** northern China,influenza positive rate peaked at Week 18 in 2021 and has declined since *** all isolated viruses were B/Victoria lineage viruses during the study period,and 37.3%of these viruses are antigenically similar to the reference viruses representing the vaccine components for the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 Northern Hemisphere influenza *** seasonal influenza viruses were susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors and endonuclease ***:influenza activity has gradually increased in the mainland of China in 2021,although the intensity of activity is still lower than before the COVID-19 *** diversity of circulating influenza types/subtypes decreased,with the vast majority being B/Victoria lineage v

关键词： mainland season prevention

Innate and adaptive T cells in influenza disease

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Frontiers of Medicine 2018年第1期12卷 34-47页

作者： Simone Nfissing Sneha Sant Marios Koutsakos Kanta Subbarao Thi H.O. Nguyen Katherine Kedzierska Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville 3010 Victoria Australia World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating centre for Reference and Research on influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne 3000 Victoria Australia

influenza is a major global health problem, causing infections of the respiratory tract, often leading to acute pneumonia, life-threatening complications and even deaths. Over the last seven decades, vaccination strategies have been utilized to protect people from complications of influenza, especially groups at high risk of severe disease. While current vaccination regimens elicit strain-specific antibody responses, they fail to generate cross-protection against seasonal, pandemic and avian viruses. Moreover, vaccines designed to generate influenza- specific T-cell responses are yet to be optimized. During natural infection, viral replication is initially controlled by innate immunity before adaptive immune responses （T cells and antibody-producing B cells） achieve viral clearance and host recovery. Adaptive T and B cells maintain immunological memory and provide protection against subsequent infections with related influenza viruses. Recent studies also shed light on the role of innate T- cells （MAIT cells, y~ T cells, and NKT cells） in controlling influenza and linking innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, thus making them attractive targets for vaccination strategies. We summarize the current knowledge on influenza-specific innate MAIT and γδ T cells as well as adaptive CD8＋ and CD4＋ T cells, and discuss how these responses can be harnessed by novel vaccine strategies to elicit cross-protective immunity against different influenza strains and subtypes.

关键词： influenza innate T cells CD4+ and CD8+ T cells vaccination

Recent Advances of Bioactive Marine Natural Products in Drug Discovery

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第5期23卷 1297-1318页

作者： ZHANG Qun LV Liuxia WANG Wenhui WEI Meiyan GU Yucheng SHAO Changlun Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Ministry of Education of China School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal University Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research centre

Marine natural products(MNPs) are valuable resources for drug development. To date, 17 drugs from marine sources are in clinical use, and 33 pharmaceutical compounds are in clinical trials. Presently the success of drug development from the marine resources is higher than the industry average. It is a feasible strategy to conduct the discovery of drug-lead compounds based on marine chemical ecology by fully exploiting the pharmacological potential of marine chemical defense matters. In the search for bioactive MNPs, our group has constructed a biological resources library including more than 1500 strains of fungi. Focusing on the strategy of Blue Drug Library, we have discovered a series of novel MNPs with abundant biological functions. Highly efficient and scalable total synthesis of(+)-aniduquinolone A(44) and pesimquinolone I(48) have been completed, which will facilitate access to sufficient quantities of candidates for in vivo pharmacological and toxicological studies. As a nucleoprotein(NP) inhibitor, QLA(75) possesses significant anti-influenza A virus(IAV) activities both in vitro and in vivo. CHNQD-00803(76) is a potent and selective AMPactivated kinase(AMPK) activator that can effectively inhibit metabolic disorders and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH) progression. Moreover, we identified two new candidate molecules with potent anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects. Particularly, as a natural guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases(Arf-GEFs) inhibitor prodrug, CHNQD-01255(78) is qualified to be developed as a targeted candidate anticancer drug, which may be promising to apply for cancer immunotherapy. Hence, it is evident that MNPs play an important role in drug development.

关键词： discovery and optimization drug development marine drug marine medicinal organisms natural products

SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance Through China influenza Surveillance Information System—China,December 1,2022 to February 12,2023

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China CDC weekly 2023年第7期5卷 152-158页

作者： Xiaoxu Zeng Yiran Xie Xiaokun Yang Zhibin Peng Jing Tang Lei Yang Shuxia Lin Jun Han Yanping Zhang Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on InfluenzaBeijing MunicipalityChina Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing MunicipalityChina Key Laboratory for Medical Virology National Health CommissionBeijing MunicipalityChina

Introduction:The World Health Organization(WHO)proposed using influenza surveillance systems to carry out coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)surveillance due to the similarity between the two diseases in some respiratory *** assess the prevalence of COVID-19,we analyzed the influenzalike illness(ILI)and positive rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)detections in ILI patients reported to the influenza Surveillance Information System(CNISIS)since late ***:Data related to ILI were reported by national surveillance sentinel *** testing for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses was conducted using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(rRT-PCR)detection by the national influenza surveillance network *** data were reported to ***:Beginning on December 12,2022(Week 50),the ILI percentage increased dramatically,peaking in Week 51 at 12.1%.Subsequently,the ILI percentage began to decline rapidly from Week 52,2022,and by Week 6,2023(February 6-12),the ILI and ILI percentage had returned to the levels observed at the beginning of December *** December 1,2022 to February 12,2023,115,844 specimens were tested for both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza *** these,30,381(26.2%)were positive for SARSCoV-2 and 1,763(1.5%)were positive for influenza *** positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 tests peaked at 74.1%around December 23 and ***:Sentinel-based surveillance,previously established for influenza,is an effective way to track the circulation trend of SARS-CoV-2 during community-level *** was no coprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus during the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2,even during the winter influenza ***,it is important to remain vigilant for the potential rise of influenza activities following the COVID-19 epidemic.

关键词： winter December surveillance

The RhoA nuclear localization changes in replicative senescence:New evidence from in vitro human mesenchymal stem cells studies

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BIOCELL 2022年第9期46卷 2053-2058页

作者： DANILA BOBKOV ANASTASIA POLYANSKAYA ANASTASIA MUSORINA GALINA POLJANSKAYA Collection of Vertebrate Cell Cultures Institute of CytologyRussian Academy of SciencesSt.Petersburg194064Russia Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling and Transport Smorodintsev Research Institute of InfluenzaSt.Petersburg197376Russia Research Laboratory of Translational Oncology Almazov National Research CentreSt.Petersburg197341Russia

All non-immortalized mesenchymal stem cells have a limited proliferative potential,that is,replicative senescence(RS)is an integral characteristic of the life of all mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).It is known that one of the important signs of RS is a decrease of cell motility,and that violations of migration processes contribute to the deterioration of tissue ***,the characterization of the properties of the cell line associated with RS is a prerequisite for the effective use of MSCs in restorative *** of the key proteins regulating cell motility is the small GTPase *** main purpose of this work was to study the nuclear-cytoplasmic redistribution of the RhoA protein during RS in MSC lines recently obtained and characterized in our *** study found that a comparative analysis of the intracellular localization of RhoA in three cell lines(MSCWJ-1,FetMSC,DF2)showed a decrease in the nuclear localization of RhoA during RS.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells RhoA Actin cytoskeleton Replicative senescence

禽流感病毒H5N1基因突变对神经氨酸酶抑制剂敏感性和神经氨酸酶活性的影响

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中华医学杂志 2010年第27期90卷 1924-1928页

作者：谌资郑煜煌 Yipu Lin Patrick J Collins Alan J Hay 中南大学湘雅二医院感染科长沙410011 WHO influenza Collaborating centre National Institute for Medical Research

目的研究感染人的禽流感病毒H5N1神经氨酸酶突变I117V,I314V,I117V＋I314V对神经氨酸酶抑制剂（NAIs）敏感性和神经氨酸酶（NA）活性的影响.方法定点突变技术将变异位点引入禽流感病毒株A/Vietnam/1203/04（H5N1）（VN1203）的NA基因... 详细信息

目的研究感染人的禽流感病毒H5N1神经氨酸酶突变I117V,I314V,I117V＋I314V对神经氨酸酶抑制剂（NAIs）敏感性和神经氨酸酶（NA）活性的影响.方法定点突变技术将变异位点引入禽流感病毒株A/Vietnam/1203/04（H5N1）（VN1203）的NA基因中,以A/WSN/33（H1N1）为背景,通过反向遗传学方法构建重组流感病毒,鸡胚传代增殖病毒,荧光定量评估病毒对NAIs的敏感性和NA活性（IC50值和Km,Ki值）.结果与野生株VN1203相比,I117V使NA对奥司他韦敏感性降低（IC50值升高了17倍,Ki值升高了20倍）,对扎那米韦敏感性无明显影响（IC50值升高了2倍,Ki值升高了3倍）,NA活性降低（Km值升高了23倍）.I314V对NAIs敏感性和NA活性均无明显影响.结论初步结果认为NA突变I117V和I314V对感染人的禽流感病毒H5N1并不产生NAIs耐药,临床上仍然可以用奥司他韦或扎那米韦抗病毒治疗.

关键词：正粘病毒科神经氨酸酶突变酶抑制剂禽流感病毒H5N1

Long COVID:From olfactory dysfunctions to viral Parkinsonism

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 137-147页

作者： Sanyukta Pandey Vibha Bapat Jancy Nixon Abraham Nixon M.Abraham Department of Biology Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behaviour(LNCB)Indian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER)PuneMaharashtraIndia Department of Life Sciences Centre of Excellence in EpigeneticsShiv Nadar Institution of EminenceGautam Buddha NagarUttar PradeshIndia

Neurological and psychiatric complications continue to be a public health concern in long coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).This varies from olfactory dysfunctions such as parosmia to cognitive and emotional ***,the surge of neurological disorders followed the viral pandemics,for example,the emergence of Encephalitis Lethargica after the outbreak of Spanish *** and after COVID-19 infection,the problems associated with the sense of smell and the reports of affected olfactory and limbic brain areas are leading to a growing concern about the similarity with the symptoms and the pattern of degeneration observed at the onset of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's *** reports reveal the essentiality of long-term studies of olfactory and cognitive functions in the post-COVID era and the experiments using animal models to dissect the neural basis of these *** this manuscript,we summarize the research reporting the potential correlation between neurological disorders and viral pandemic outbreaks with a historical ***,we discuss the studies providing evidence of neurodegeneration due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection by focusing on viral Parkinsonism.

关键词： long COVID neurodegeneration neurotropism olfactory dysfunctions viral parkinsonism