Long COVID: From olfactory dysfunctions to viral Parkinsonism
作者机构：Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res IISER Dept Biol Lab Neural Circuits & Behav LNCB Pune Maharashtra India Shiv Nadar Inst Eminence Ctr Excellence Epigenet Dept Life Sci Gautam Buddha Nagar Uttar Pradesh India Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res IISER Dept Biol Lab Neural Circuits & Behav LNCB Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
出 版 物：《WORLD JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY》
年 卷 期：2024年第10卷第2期
页 面：137-147页
基 金：DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance senior [IA/S/22/2/506517, BT/RLF/Re-entry/45/2014] DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance senior grant CSIR Fellowship
主 题：long COVID neurodegeneration neurotropism olfactory dysfunctions viral parkinsonism ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA INFLUENZA INFECTION DISEASE VIRUS MANIFESTATIONS DISCRIMINATION COMPLICATIONS TRANSMISSION CORONAVIRUS
摘 要：Neurological and psychiatric complications continue to be a public health concern in long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This varies from olfactory dysfunctions such as parosmia to cognitive and emotional challenges. Historically, the surge of neurological disorders followed the viral pandemics, for example, the emergence of Encephalitis Lethargica after the outbreak of Spanish Influenza. During and after COVID-19 infection, the problems associated with the sense of smell and the reports of affected olfactory and limbic brain areas are leading to a growing concern about the similarity with the symptoms and the pattern of degeneration observed at the onset of Parkinson s disease and Alzheimer s disease. These reports reveal the essentiality of long-term studies of olfactory and cognitive functions in the post-COVID era and the experiments using animal models to dissect the neural basis of these complications. In this manuscript, we summarize the research reporting the potential correlation between neurological disorders and viral pandemic outbreaks with a historical perspective. Further, we discuss the studies providing evidence of neurodegeneration due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection by focusing on viral Parkinsonism. Emergence of encephalitis lethargica and Parkinson s disease followed by Spanish Influenza. Neurological and psychiatric complications among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) long-haulers. Adverse effects of COVID-19 infection on olfactory and limbic brain areas leading to plausible neurodegeneration. Conflicting evidence on neurotropism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Link between viral infections and the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Olfactory dysfunctions as a common factor between long COVID and Parkinson s Disease.