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Feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions against infectious diseases among crisis-affected populations: a scoping review

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infectious diseases of Poverty 2022年第1期11卷 8-26页

作者： Jonathan A.Polonsky Sangeeta Bhatia Keith Fraser Arran Hamlet Janetta Skarp Isaac J.Stopard Stéphane Hugonnet Laurent Kaiser Christian Lengeler Karl Blanchet Paul Spiegel World Health Organization GenevaSwitzerland Institute of Global Health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland MRC Centre for Global infectious disease Analysis Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologyImperial College LondonLondonUK Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for disease and Emergency Analytics Imperial College LondonLondonUK Swiss tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland center for Humanitarian Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUSA

Background:Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)are a crucial suite of measures to prevent and control infectious disease *** being particularly important for crisis-affected populations and those living in informal settlements,who typically reside in overcrowded and resource limited settings with inadequate access to healthcare,guidance on NPI implementation rarely takes the specific needs of such populations into *** therefore conducted a systematic scoping review of the published evidence to describe the landscape of research and identify evidence gaps concerning the acceptability,feasibility,and effectiveness of NPIs among crisis-affected populations and informal ***:We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed articles published between 1970 and 2020 to collate available evidence on the feasibility,acceptability,and effectiveness of NPIs in crisis-affected populations and informal *** performed quality assessments of each study using a standardised *** analysed the data to produce descriptive summaries according to a number of categories:date of publication;geographical region of intervention;typology of crisis,shelter,modes of transmission,NPI,research design;study design;and study ***:Our review included 158 studies published in 85 peer-reviewed *** research used low quality study *** acceptability,feasibility,and effectiveness of NPIs was highly context *** general,simple and cost-effective interventions such as community-level environmental cleaning and provision of water,sanitation and hygiene services,and distribution of items for personal protection such as insecticide-treated nets,were both highly feasible and ***,financial,and human resource constraints affected both the implementation and sustainability of *** engagement emerged as a strong factor contributing to the effectiveness of ***,measures that involve po

关键词： disease outbreaks Communicable disease control Prevention & control Vulnerable populations Warfare and armed conflicts Disasters Relief work Poverty areas

The Effect of Splenectomy on the Risk of Infection in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis

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infectious diseases & Immunity 2022年第1期2卷 15-20页

作者： Tiantong Feng Xiaoxue Hou Wen Zhang Anran Tian Nian Chen Jun Li Chuanlong Zhu Department of infectious disease The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210029China Department of tropical diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikouHainan 570311China Key Laboratory of tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education Hainan Medical UniversityHaikouHainan 571199China Laboratory of infectious disease The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210029China

Background:Splenectomy has been reported to improve liver function as well as hypersplenism,but it is still controversial whether splenectomy will further damage the immune function of patients with liver *** study aims to evaluate the impact of splenectomy on the risk of infection in patients with liver ***:A total of 4355 patients with liver cirrhosis admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from October 1,2016 to September 30,2020 were *** patients were first divided into the splenectomy group(SG)and the nonsplenectomy group(NSG).After standardization,patients were further divided according to the stage of *** rates in different stages were calculated,*** results and infection sites of patients with cirrhosis were analyzed in combination with clinical *** variables conforming to normal distribution were presented as mean±standard deviation,compared by sample t test or paired sample t ***-normal variables were presented as the median(interquartile range)and compared by Mann-Whitney U test or Wilcoxon signed rank ***:Five hundred and two patients received splenectomy and 3853 patients did *** infection was diagnosed in 497 of the 4355(11.41%)hospitalizations of patients with *** infection rate of the compensated cirrhosis SG was higher than that of the NSG(8.06%vs.5.18%,P0.05].The peak value of leukocytes in SG suffering from decompensated liver cirrhosis was significantly higher than that in NSG[12.29(11.52)109/L vs.6.37(8.90)109/L,P=0.004].Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis had a significantly higher rate of abdominal infect

关键词： Infections Liver cirrhosis Splenectomy

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: Role of interleukin-6 and the inflammatory cascade

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World Journal of Virology 2022年第3期11卷 113-128页

作者： Mohaddeseh Bahmani Rojin Chegini Elham Ghanbari Elham Sheykhsaran Parisa Shiri Aghbash HamedEbrahimzadeh Leylabadlo Ehsan Moradian Amir Masoud Kazemzadeh Houjaghan Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi Department of Virology Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz 15731Iran Department of Medical Science Metabolic Liver Disease Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan 81745-33871Iran Department of Medical Science Fertility and Infertility Research CenterHealth Technology InstituteKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshah 67159-59167Iran Department of Microbiology Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz 15731Iran Immunology research center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz 15731Iran Department of Virology Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz 15731Iran Liver and Gastrointestinal diseases research center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz 15731Iran Department of Medical Science Medical FacultyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz ***Iran Department of Internal Medicine Medical FacultyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran 14155-6559Iran Department of Virology Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabriz 15731Iran

Since December 2019,a novel coronavirus that represents a serious threat to human lives has *** is still no definite treatment for severe cases of the disease caused by this virus,named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).One of the most considered treatment strategies targets the exaggerated immune regulator,and interleukin(IL)-6 is a crucial pro-inflammatory *** acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCoV-2)cases show an elevated level of IL-6 related to disease ***-6 activity can be inhibited by the following:IL-6 itself,IL-6 signaling pathways such as Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK-STAT),gp130,IL-6R,and downstream activated ILs,such as IL-17 and IL-6 ***,according to these studies and their results,IL-6 blockade with anti-IL-6 or its receptor antibodies such as tocilizumab in COVID-19 is beneficial in severe cases and may reduce the mortality ***-STAT inhibitors block the cytokine storm by inhibiting several crucial pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-αand IL-6 and have shown various results in clinical ***-6 induces IL-17 secretion,and IL-17 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory *** trials of anti-IL-17 drugs are currently recruiting,and anti-gp130 antibody is ***,this agent has shown positive effects in inflammatory bowel disease clinical trials and could be tested for *** study aimed to review the role of IL-6 in the cytokine storm and studies regarding IL-6 and blockade of its inflammatory pathways in COVID-19 to determine if any of these agents are beneficial for COVID-19 patients.

关键词： Anti-interleukin-6 COVID-19 Inflammation Interleukin-6 Interleukin-6 receptor SARS-CoV-2

Update on occult hepatitis B virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第39期22卷 8720-8734页

作者： Manoochehr Makvandi Health research Institute Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Virology School of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

The event of mutations in the surface antigen gene of hepatitis B virus(HBV) results in undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen with positive/negative anti-hepatitis B core(anti-HBc) antibody status in serum and this phenomenon is named occult hepatitis B infection(OBI). The presence of anti-HBc antibody in serum is an important key for OBI tracking, although about 20% of OBI cases are negative for anti-HBc antibody. The diagnosis of OBI is mainly based on polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and real-time PCR assays. However, real-time PCR is a more reliable method than PCR. OBI is a great issue for the public health problem and a challenge for the clinical entity worldwide. The persistence of OBI may lead to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With regard to OBI complications, the screening of HBV DNA by the highly sensitive molecular means should be implemented for:(1) patients with a previous history of chronic or acute HBV infection;(2) patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus;(3) patients undergoing chemotherapy or anti-CD20 therapy;(4) recipients of organ transplant;(5) blood donors;(6) organ transplant donors;(7) thalassemia and hemophilia patients;(8) health care workers;(9) patients with liver related disease(cryptogenic);(10) hemodialysis patients;(11) patients undergoing lamivudine or interferon therapy; and(12) children in time of HBV vaccination especially in highly endemic areas of HBV. Active HBV vaccination should be implemented for the close relatives of patients who are negative for OBI markers. Thus, the goal of this review is to evaluate the rate of OBI with a focus on status of high risk groups in different regions of the world.

关键词：嵌套的聚合酶链反应秘密肝炎 B 感染起因不明实时聚合酶链反应

Elevated plasma interleukin-8 as a risk factor for mortality in children presenting with cerebral malaria

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infectious diseases of Poverty 2023年第1期12卷 47-61页

作者： Jade Royo Bertin Vianou Manfred Accrombessi Elisée Kinkpé Linda Ayédadjou Ida Dossou-Dagba YéléLadipo Maroufou Jules Alao Gwladys I.Bertin Michel Cot Farid Boumédiène Sandrine Houzé Jean François Faucher Agnès Aubouy 无 UMR152 PHARMADEV IRDUPSToulouse University35 Chemin Des Maraichers31400 ToulouseFrance Clinical research Institute of Benin(IRCB) Abomey CalaviBenin Faculty of infectious and tropical diseases Disease Control DepartmentLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK Paediatric Department Calavi HospitalCalaviBenin Paediatric Department Mother and Child University and Hospital Center(CHU-MEL)CotonouBenin UMR261 MERIT IRDParis UniversityParisFrance UMR 1094 EpiMaCT InsermLimoges University HospitalLimoges UniversityLimogesFrance French Malaria Reference center APHPBichat HospitalParisFrance Parasitology Laboratory APHPBichat-Claude-Bernard HospitalParisFrance infectious diseases and tropical Medicine Department Limoges University HospitalLimogesFrance NeuroCM Group

Background Cerebral malaria(CM)is a neuropathology which remains one of the deadliest forms of malaria among African *** kinetics of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to neuroinflammation and the death or survival of patients during CM are still poorly *** increasing production of cytokines,chemokines and other actors of the inflammatory and oxidative response by various local actors in response to neuroinflammation plays a major role during CM,participating in both the amplification of the neuroinflammation phenomenon and its *** this study,we aimed to identify risk factors for CM death among specific variables of inflammatory and oxidative responses to improve our understanding of CM *** Children presenting with CM(n=70)due to *** infection were included in southern Benin and divided according to the clinical outcome into 50 children who survived and 20 who *** examination was complemented by fundoscopic examination and extensive blood biochemical analysis associated with molecular diagnosis by multiplex PCR targeting 14 pathogens in the patients'cerebrospinal fluid to rule out *** technology and enzyme immunoassay kits were used to measure 17 plasma and 7 urinary biomarker levels,*** were analysed by univariate analysis using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson’s Chi2 *** and multivariate analyses were conducted separately for plasma and urinary biomarkers to identify CM mortality risk *** Univariate analysis revealed higher plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor(TNF),interleukin-1beta(IL-1β),IL-10,IL-8,C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9(CXCL9),granzyme B,and angiopoietin-2 and lower urinary levels of prostanglandine E2 metabolite(PGEM)in children who died compared to those who survived CM(Mann-Whitney U-test,P-values between 0.03 and<0.0001).The multivariate logistic analysis highlighted elevated plasma levels of IL-8 as the m

关键词： Cerebral malaria Children Benin Cytokine Plasma Urine Immunologic marker NeuroCM

Cryptotanshinone induces apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells via modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第17期29卷 2616-2627页

作者： Xiao-Xue Hou Yu-Wen Li Jia-Li Song Wen Zhang Rui Liu Hui Yuan Tian-Tong Feng Zheng-Yi Jiang Wen-Ting Li Chuan-Long Zhu Department of infectious disease The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210009Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Pediatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210009Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of infectious and tropical diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570000Hainan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Cryptotanshinone(CPT)has wide biological functions,including anti-oxidative,antifibrosis,and anti-inflammatory ***,the effect of CPT on hepatic fibrosis is *** To investigate the effects of CPT treatment on hepatic fibrosis and its underlying mechanism of *** Hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and normal hepatocytes were treated with different concentrations of CPT and *** CCK-8 assay was used to determine cell *** cytometry was used to measure apoptosis and cell cycle *** transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blot analyses were used to measure mRNA levels and protein expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)signaling pathway related molecules,*** tetrachloride(CCL4)was used to induce in vivo hepatic fibrosis in *** were treated with CPT and salubrinal,and blood and liver samples were collected for histopathological *** We found that CPT treatment significantly reduced fibrogenesis by modulating the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix in *** inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in cultured ***,we found that CPT promoted apoptosis of activated HSCs by upregulating expression of ERS markers(CHOP and GRP78)and activating ERS pathway molecules(PERK,IRE1α,and ATF4),which were inhibited by *** of ERS by salubrinal partially eliminated the therapeutic effect of CPT in our CCL4-induced hepatic fibrosis mouse *** CPT can promote apoptosis of HSCs and alleviate hepatic fibrosis through modulating the ERS pathway,which represents a promising strategy for treating hepatic fibrosis.

关键词： Hepatic fibrosis Endoplasmic reticulum stress Cryptotanshinone Hepatic stellate cells Apoptosis

Determination of antimicrobial resistance profile and inducible clindamycin resistance of coagulase negative staphylococci in pediatric patients: the first report from Iran

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第3期11卷 250-254页

作者： Mohammad Aghazadeh Reza Ghotaslou Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee Mohammad Hassan Moshafi Zoya Hojabri Fereshteh Saffari tabriz research center of infectious and tropical diseases Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Department of Pharmaceutical Science Faculty of PharmacyKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran Department of Microbiology School of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran

Background:Currently,coagulase negative staphylococci(CoNS)have got much attention as a serious health problem especially in neonates and *** incidence of antibiotic resistance,in particular methicillin resistance,has complicated the treatment of these *** aim of this study is to determine the susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents and the prevalence of macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramins B(MLS_(B))resistance in CoNS isolates obtained from pediatric ***:Totally 157 CoNS isolates from various clinical samples were examined for antibiotic resistance using disk diffusion and E-test ***-disk test was applied to detect constitutive and inducible MLSB resistance(cMLS_(B)and iMLS_(B))***:Resistance to methicillin was seen in 98(62.4%)*** isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and *** prevalence of resistance to antibiotics tested was as follows:fusidic acid(n=58,36.9%),gentamicin(n=73,46.5%),ciprofloxacin(n=81,51.6%),clindamycin(n=112,71.3%),erythromycin(n=129,82.2%)and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(n=133,84.7%).iMLS_(B)phenotype was seen in 14(8.9%)isolates,and 18(11.5%)and 98(62.4%)isolates showed MS and cMLS_(B)phenotypes,*** observed that high overall antibiotic resistance rates were associated significantly with methicillin ***,iMLS_(B)phenotype was correlated neither with methicillin resistance nor with ***:Given the similarity observed between the prevalence of iMLS_(B)and MS phenotypes,the performance of disk diffusion induction test is strongly recommended in our region.

关键词： antibiotic susceptibility coagulase negative staphylococci inducible resistance pediatrics

Genomic sequencing and analysis of the first imported Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus(MERS CoV) in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第8期58卷 818-820页

作者： XIE Qian CAO YuJuan SU Juan WU XianBo WAN ChengSong KE ChangWen ZHAO Wei ZHANG Bao The lab of Biosafety Level 3 School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Southern Medical University research center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging infectious diseases Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Dear Editors,Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MERS)has spread to more than 23 countries since the first case of a MERS coronavirus(MERS Co V)infection was confirmed in Sep2012[1].Because MERS Co V has led to mortality as high as 40%,it has become one of the most important emerging pathogens threatening human ***,the outbreak of MERS Co V,which resulted in 172 infections and

关键词：基因组测序呼吸综合征冠状病毒中国中东进口

The Impacts of Mosquito Density and Meteorological Factors on Dengue Fever Epidemics in Guangzhou, China, 2006-2014: a Time-series Analysis

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2015年第5期28卷 321-329页

作者： SHEN Ji Chuan LUO Lei LI Li JING Qin Long OU Chun Quan YANG Zhi Cong CHEN Xiao Guang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging infectious diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes Department of Pathogen BiologySchool of Public Health and Tropical MedicineSouthern Medical University Guangzhou center for disease Control and Prevention State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure research Department of BiostatisticsGuangdong Provinical Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public Health and Tropical MedicineSouthern Medical University

Objective To explore the associations between the monthly number of dengue fever（DF） cases and possible risk factors in Guangzhou, a subtropical city of China. Methods The monthly number of DF cases, Breteau Index （BI）, and meteorological measures during 2006-2014 recorded in Guangzhou, China, were assessed. A negative binomial regression model was used to evaluate the relationships between BI, meteorological factors, and the monthly number of DF cases. Results A total of 39,697 DF cases were detected in Guangzhou during the study period. DF incidence presented an obvious seasonal pattern, with most cases occurring from June to November. The current month＇s BI, average temperature （Tare）, previous month＇s minimum temperature （Train）, and Tare were positively associated with DF incidence. A threshold of 18.25℃ was found in the relationship between the current month＇s Tmin and DF incidence. Conclusion Mosquito density, Tove, and Tmin play a critical role in DF transmission in Guangzhou. These findings could be useful in the development of a DF early warning system and assist in effective control and prevention strategies in the DF epidemic.

关键词： Breteau index Dengue fever Meteorological factors Negative binomial regression model