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Influence of Soil Properties on Zinc Solubility Dynamics Under Different Redox Conditions in Non-Calcareous Soils

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Pedosphere 2017年第1期27卷 96-105页

作者： Michelle Anne Belen BUNQUIN Susan TANDY Sarah Johnson BEEBOUT Rainer SCHULIN crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research InstituteCollegeLos Banos Soil protection Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH Zurich

Zinc(Zn) deficiency in paddy soils is often a problem for rice *** can decrease metal availability in some noncalcareous soils through different mechanisms associated with soil redox *** experiments were performed in order to better understand the processes that governed the dynamics of Zn in non-calcareous paddy soils at varying redox potentials(Eh).Airdried non-calcareous soil samples collected from four different paddy field sites in the Philippines were submerged and incubated in a reaction cell with continuous stirring and nitrogen purging for 4 weeks,and then purged with compressed air for another week to reoxidize the *** Eh of the four soils started at 120 to 300 mV,decreased to —220 to —300 mV after 100 to 250 h of reduction,and was maintained at this low plateau for about 2 weeks before increasing again upon *** solubility showed contrasting patterns in the four soils,with two of the soils showing a decrease in soluble Zn as the Eh became low,probably due to zinc sulfide(ZnS) *** contrast,the other two soils showed that Zn solubility was maintained during the reduced phase which could be due to the competition with iron(Fe) for precipitation with *** in the relative amounts of S,Fe,and manganese(Mn) oxides in the four soils apparently influenced the pattern of Zn solubility after flooding.

关键词： microcosm paddy soil precipitation rice soil sulfide speciation Zn availability

Spectral sensitivity of the compound eyes of Anomala corpulenta motschulsky(Coleoptera:Scarabaeoidea)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第4期14卷 706-713页

作者： Jiang Yue-li Guo Yu-yuan Wu Yu-qing Li Tong Duan Yun Miao Jin Gong Zhong-jun Huang Zhi-juan College of Plant protection Northwest A&F University Key Laboratory of crop Pest Control of Henan Province/Institute of Plant protection Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory for the Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The scarab beetle, Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky（Coleoptera： Scarabaeoidea）, is a widespread and destructive pest in China. Vision is one of the most important means of acquiring information about the external environment. In order to contribute to the understanding of the perception of visual stimuli in this species, the light sensitivity and spectral responses of the scarab beetle, A. corpulenta, were measured by using an electroretinogram（ERG） technique. In total, 14 monochromatic light intensities, between 340 and 605 nm, were applied to the compound eyes of A. corpulenta under varying levels of adaptation to dark and light conditions. The results showed that all light stimuli induced an ERG response, with varied amplitudes. The spectral sensitivity curve of dark-adapted eyes showed one major peak（~400 nm; near-ultraviolet）, a secondary peak（from 498 to 562 nm; yellow-green） and the third peakat 460 nm. By contrast, in light-adapted eyes, only a near-UV peak was observed. From these results, we conclude that the compound eye of A. corpulenta is likely to have at least three spectral types of photoreceptor. Significance of differences were also recorded in the responses of male and female compound eyes, as well as diurnally and nocturnally. The amplitude of ERG in response to white-light stimuli varied with the light intensity： The stronger the luminance, the higher the ERG value. This suggests that the compound eye of A. corpulenta adapts quickly to changing light conditions, enabling A. corpulenta to maintain nocturnal activities.

关键词： Anomala corpulenta electroretinogram insect vision spectral sensitivity light intensity

Targeting of anti-microbial proteins to the hyphal surface amplifies protection of crop plants against Phytophthora pathogens

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Molecular Plant 2021年第8期14卷 1391-1403页

作者： Yang Zhou Kun Yang Qiang Yan Xiaodan Wang Ming Cheng Jierui Si Xue Xue Danyu Shen Maofeng Jing Brett M.Tyler Daolong Dou Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity College of Plant ProtectionAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China College of Plant protection China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100091China Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Phytophthora pathogens are a persistent threat to the world's commercially important agricultural crops,including potato and *** strategies aim at reducing crop losses rely mostly on disease-resistance breeding and chemical pesticides,which can be frequently overcome by the rapid adaptive evolution of *** crops with intrinsic disease resista nee offer a promising alternative and con tinue to be ***,we explored Phytophthora-derived PI3P(phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate)as a novel control target,using proteins that bind this lipid to direct secreted anti-microbial peptides and proteins(AMPs)to the surface of Phytophthora *** transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana,soybean,and potato plants,significantly enhanced resistance to different pathogen isolates was achieved by expression of two AMPs(GAFP1 or GAFP3 from the Chinese medicinal herb Gastrodia elata)fused with a PI3P-specific binding domain(FYVE).Using the soybean pathogen *** as an example,we demonstrated that the FYVE domain could boost the activities of GAFPs in multiple independent assays,including those performed in vitro,in vivo,and in *** analysis of *** PI3K1 and PI3K2 genes of this pathogen confirmed that the enhanced activities of the targeted GAFPs were correlated with PI3P levels in the ***,our study provides a new strategy that could be used to confer resistance not only to Phytophthora pathogens in many plants but also potentially to many other kinds of plant pathogens with unique targets.

关键词： Phytophthora PI3P AMPs transgenic plants disease resistance

Influence of various stressors on the expression of core genes of the small interfering RNA pathway in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis

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Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 418-430页

作者： Yi-Fei Xie Jin-Zhi Niu Xuan-Zhao Jiang Wen-Jia Yang Guang-Mao Shen Dong Wei Guy Smagghe Jin-Jun Wang Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant Protection Southwest University Chongqing China Department of crop protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium Hunan Academy of Forestry Changsha China

RNA interference （RNAi）-based technology has emerged as a potential tool for controlling insect pests, however, previous studies found that the efficiency of RNAi in Bactrocera dorsalis was variable. In nature, insects often meet various challenges, such as pathogen infections, extreme temperatures, lack of nutrition and heavy metals. To better understand the association of the stressors with efficiency of RNAi, in the current study we tested the expression of three core genes, dicer2 （Bddcr2）, r2d2 （Bdr2d2） and argonaute2 （Bdago2）, of the small interfering RNA （siRNA） pathway of B. dorsalis upon various stressors. Our results showed that all three genes were upregulated by the infection of invertebrate iridescent virus 6, which suggested a function of the siRNA pathway against viral infection. The loading of FeC13 could also increase the expression of Bddcr2. The treatments ofEscherichia coli, extremely high （40~C） and low （0~C） temperatures, as well as starvation, could negatively influence the expression of Bddcr2 and/or Bdago2. In total, our results showed that various stressors could influence the expression of core components ofB. dorsalis siRNA pathway. This highlights further speculation on the RNAi efficiency upon these stressors. Considering the complexity and variation of RNAi efficiency in different conditions, these results provide initial aspects in possible environmental stressors to influence the activity of the siRNA pathway, but the real impact of RNAi efficiency posed by these stressors requires further studies.

关键词： argonaute Bactrocera dorsalis dicer RNA interference R2D2 stressor

Two mutations in the truncated Rep gene RBR domain delayed the Wheat dwarf virus infection in transgenic barley plants

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第11期17卷 2492-2500页

作者： Pavel Cejnar Ludmila Ohnoutkova Jan Ripl Tomas Vlcko Jiban Kumar Kundu Division of crop protection and Plant Health Crop Research Institute Prague 16106 Czech Republic Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Palack~/ University Olomouc 78371 Czech Republic

Wheat dwarf virus （WDV）, an important cereal pathogen, is closely related to Maize streak virus （MSV）, a model virus of the Mastrevirus genus. Based on its similarity to known MSV resistance strategies, a truncated part of the WDV replication- associated （RepA） gene （WDVRepA215） and the WDV RepA gene with a mutated retinoblastoma-related protein （RBR） interaction domain （WDVRepA215RBRre^t） were cloned into the plPKb002 expression vector and transformed into immature embryos of spring barley cv. Golden Promise plants through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A detailed study of T1-generation plants infected by leafhoppers （Psammotettix alienus） fed on infection sources of variable strength was performed over a 5-week period encompassing the initial stages of virus infection. A DNA WDV TaqMan qPCR assay normalized using the DNA puroindoline-b SYBR Green qPCR assay for samples on a per week basis revealed an approximately 2-week delay in WDVRepA215RBR^mut plants to WDVRepA215 plants before significant increases in the WDV viral levels occurred. Both WDVRepA215 and WDVRepA215RBR^mut plants showed similar levels of transgenic transcripts over the screened period; however, the transgenic plants also showed increased numbers of infected plants compared to the control plants.

关键词： Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) truncated Rep gene RBR domain qPCR screening

EGTA reduces the inflorescence stem mechanical strength of herbaceous peony by modifying secondary wall biosynthesis

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1302-1314页

作者： Yuhan Tang Daqiu Zhao Jiasong Meng Jun Tao Jiangsu Key Laboratory of crop Genetics and Physiology College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009 JiangsuChina

The mechanical strength of inflorescence stems is an important trait in cut *** ions(Ca^(2+))play a pivotal role in maintaining stem strength,but little is known about the underlying molecular *** this study,we treated herbaceous peony(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)with ethyl glycol tetraacetic acid(EGTA),an effective Ca^(2+)chelator,and used morphology indicators,spectroscopic analysis,histochemical staining,electron microscopy,and proteomic techniques to investigate the role of Ca^(2+)in inflorescence stem mechanical *** EGTA treatment reduced the mechanical strength of inflorescence stems,triggered the loss of Ca^(2+)from cell walls,and reduced lignin in thickened secondary walls in xylem cells as determined by spectroscopic analysis and histochemical *** microscopy showed that the EGTA treatment also resulted in significantly fewer xylem cell layers with thickened secondary walls as well as in reducing the thickness of these secondary *** proteomic analysis showed 1065 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)at the full-flowering stage(S4).By overlapping the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)and gene ontology(GO)analysis results,we identified 43 DEPs involved in signal transduction,transport,energy metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism,and secondary metabolite *** quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis,we showed that EGTA treatment inhibited Ca^(2+)sensors and secondary wall biosynthesis-related *** findings revealed that EGTA treatment reduced the inflorescence stem mechanical strength by reducing lignin deposition in xylem cells through altering the expression of genes involved in Ca^(2+)binding and secondary wall biosynthesis.

关键词： metabolism herba inhibited

Expressing an (E)-β-farnesene synthase in the chloroplast of tobacco affects the preference of green peach aphid and its parasitoid

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第9期57卷 770-782页

作者： Gen-Ping Wang Xiu-Dao Yu Jia Fan Cheng-She Wang Lan-Qin Xia College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas Institute of crop Sciences the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) School of Life Science and Technology Nanyang Normal University Institute of crop protection the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)

(E)-b-Farnesene (EbF) synthase catalyses the production of EbF, which for many aphids is the main or only component of the alarm pheromone causing the repellence of aphids and also functions as a kairomone for aphids’ natural enemies. Many plants possess EbF synthase genes and can release EbF to repel aphids. In order to effectively recruit the plant-derived EbF synthase genes for aphid control, by using chloroplast transit peptide (CTP) of the small subunit of Rubisco (rbcS) from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we targeted AabFS1, an EbF synthase gene from sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.), to the chloroplast of tobacco to generate CTP t AabFS1 transgenic lines. The CTP t AabFS1 transgenic tobacco plants could emit EbF at a level up to 19.25 ng/day per g fresh tissues, 4–12 fold higher than the AabFS1 transgenic lines without chloroplast targeting. Furthermore, aphid/parasitoid behavioral bio-assays demonstrated that the CTP t AabFS1 transgenic tobacco showed enhanced repellence to green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and attracted response of its parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae, thus affecting aphid infestation at two trophic levels. These data suggest that the chloroplast is an ideal subcellular compartment for metabolic engineering of plant-derived EbF synthase genes to generate a novel type of transgenic plant emitting an alarm pheromone for aphid control.

关键词： Aphid chloroplast Diaeretiella rapae (E)b-farnesene synthase Myzus persicae tobacco

Missense mutation of a class B heat shock factor is responsible for the tomato bushy root-2 phenotype

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Molecular Horticulture 2022年第1期2卷 51-62页

作者： Zoltan Kevei Silva Demetryus Silva Ferreira Cristina Maria Perez Casenave Tomasz Kurowski Fady Mohareb Daniel Rickett Chris Stain Andrew J.Thompson Cranfield Soil and AgriFood Institute College RoadCranfield UniversityBedfordshire MK430ALUK syngenta crop protection Jealott’s Hill International Research CentreBracknellBerkshire RG426EYUK

The bushy root-2(brt-2)tomato mutant has twisting roots,and slower plant *** we used whole genome resequencing and genetic mapping to show that brt-2 is caused by a serine to cysteine(S75C)substitution in the DNA binding domain(DBD)of a heat shock factor class B(HsfB)encoded by *** gene is orthologous to the Arabidopsis SCHIZORIZA gene,also known as *** brt-2 phenotype is very similar to Arabidopsis lines in which the function of AtHsfB4 is altered:a proliferation of lateral root cap and root meristematic tissues,and a tendency for lateral root cap cells to easily *** brt-2 S75C mutation is unusual because all other reported amino acid substitutions in the highly conserved DBD of eukaryotic heat shock factors are dominant negative mutations,but brt-2 is *** further show through reciprocal grafting that brt-2 exerts its effects predominantly through the root genotype even through BRT-2 is expressed at similar levels in both root and shoot *** AtHsfB4 is induced by root knot nematodes(RKN),and loss-of-function mutants of this gene are resistant to RKNs,BRT-2 could be a target gene for RKN resistance,an important trait in tomato rootstock ***&accession numbers SolycHsfB4a-Solyc04g078770.

关键词： Bushy root-2 Genetic mapping HsfB4 Root knot nematode resistance SCHIZORIZA Tomato

A potential hyphal fusion protein complex with an important role in development and virulence interacts with autophagy-related proteins in Fusarium pseudograminearum

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第12期23卷 4093-4106页

作者： Linlin Chen Yixuan Shan Zaifang Dong Yake Zhang Mengya Peng Hongxia Yuan Yan Shi Honglian Li Xiaoping Xing College of Plant protection Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450000China National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize crop Science Zhengzhou 450000China

Hyphal fusion(anastomosis)is a common process serving many important functions at various developmental stages in the life cycle of ascomycetous ***,the biological roles and molecular mechanisms in plant pathogenic fungi were widely *** this study,a hyphal fusion protein FpHam-2 was screened from a T-DNA insertion mutant library of Fusarium pseudograminearum,and FpHam-2 interacts with another 2 hyphal fusion protein homologues FpHam-3 and *** of these 3 genes deletion mutant revealed in similar defective phenotypes compared with the WT and complemented strains,including reduction in growth rate,defects in hyphal fusion and conidiation,more sensitive for cell membrane,cell wall and oxidative stress responses,and decreased in *** yeast two-hybrid assay was used to identify that FpHam-2 interacts with 3 autophagy-related proteins,including FpAtg3,FpAtg28 and ***,FpHam-2-deletion mutant showed decreased accumulation of autophagic bodies in *** conclusion,FpHam-2,FpHam-3 and FpHam-4 have an essential role for hyphal fusion and regulating the growth,conidiation and virulence in ***.

关键词： Fusarium pseudograminearum hyphal fusion FpHam-2 virulence autophagy-related proteins