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COVID-19 risk prediction scores for mortality:A validation study from the National Registry of COVID-19 in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第6期137卷 743-745页

作者： Sui Peng Kelvin KF Tsoi Jianfeng Wu Steve HL Yim Haibo Wang Qian Zhou Han Xiao Zongpeng Weng Bin Li Ming Kuang Jianyan Long Joseph JY sung Haipeng Xiao Clinical Trials Unit The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510080China Stanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China JC School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510080China Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Medical Ultrasonics Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional UltrasoundThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510080China Department of Liver Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510080China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Endocrinology Precision Medicine InstituteThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510080China

To the Editor:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has evolved into a global pandemic,with over 700 million confirmed cases worldwide and still mounting.^([1])The clinical impact of this pandemic is immense,given the wide spectrum of disease manifestation,ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe pulmonary infections.Identifying high-risk individuals,especially during their initial encounters in clinics and hospital emergency services,is crucial to provide timely effective treatment.Therefore,the timely risk stratification of COVID-19 patients in the emergency room can greatly benefit both infected individuals and healthcare professionals.^([2])This study aims to identify features of serious COVID-19 infection at presentation that may lead to mortality of the patients.

关键词： mortality respiratory prediction

Multi-objective optimization and evaluation of supercritical CO_(2) Brayton cycle for nuclear power generation

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 183-209页

作者： Guo-Peng Yu Yong-Feng Cheng Na Zhang Ping-Jian Ming Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture East China Jiaotong UniversityNanchang 330013China

The supercritical CO_(2) Brayton cycle is considered a promising energy conversion system for Generation IV reactors for its simple layout,compact structure,and high cycle efficiency.Mathematical models of four Brayton cycle layouts are developed in this study for different reactors to reduce the cost and increase the thermohydraulic performance of nuclear power generation to promote the commercialization of nuclear energy.Parametric analysis,multi-objective optimizations,and four decision-making methods are applied to obtain each Brayton scheme’s optimal thermohydraulic and economic indexes.Results show that for the same design thermal power scale of reactors,the higher the core’s exit temperature,the better the Brayton cycle’s thermo-economic performance.Among the four-cycle layouts,the recompression cycle(RC)has the best overall performance,followed by the simple recuperation cycle(SR)and the intercooling cycle(IC),and the worst is the reheating cycle(RH).However,RH has the lowest total cost of investment(C_(tot))of$1619.85 million,and IC has the lowest levelized cost of energy(LCOE)of 0.012$/(kWh).The nuclear Brayton cycle system’s overall performance has been improved due to optimization.The performance of the molten salt reactor combined with the intercooling cycle(MSR-IC)scheme has the greatest improvement,with the net output power(W_(net)),thermal efficiencyη_(t),and exergy efficiency(η_(e))improved by 8.58%,8.58%,and 11.21%,respectively.The performance of the lead-cooled fast reactor combined with the simple recuperation cycle scheme was optimized to increase C_(tot) by 27.78%.In comparison,the internal rate of return(IRR)increased by only 7.8%,which is not friendly to investors with limited funds.For the nuclear Brayton cycle,the molten salt reactor combined with the recompression cycle scheme should receive priority,and the gas-cooled fast reactor combined with the reheating cycle scheme should be considered carefully.

关键词： Supercritical CO_(2)Brayton cycle Nuclear power generation Thermo-economic analysis Multi-objective optimization Decision-making methods

Experimental quantum state compression from two identical qubits to a qutrit

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 1-5页

作者： Qiao Xu Lin-Xiang Zhou Tian-Feng Feng Shang-Feng Qiu Si-Wu Li Wu-Ji Zhang Hui Luo Xiao-Qi Zhou State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Physics Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China

In the realm of modern information technology,data compression technology occupies a pivotal position.With advancements in quantum information technology,the need to compress large-scale qubits ensembles has become urgent,aiming to reduce the demand on quantum storage resources.However,existing quantum state compression schemes generally face a limitation:the particles before and after compression must reside in the same dimensional space.In specific scenarios,compressing qubits into particles of higher dimensions not only enhances the efficiency of quantum state compression but also further reduces the usage of quantum storage resources.Here we experimentally demonstrated a quantum state compression between particles of different dimensions,successfully compressing two qubits into a single qutrit.The average fidelity of the resulting qutrit with the ideal quantum state is 0.8835.Our study may have potential applications in future quantum information,such as increasing quantum communication bandwidth and reducing storage resource consumption in quantum computing.

关键词： quantum state compression quantum information technology optics

Development of a radiomics model to discriminate ammonium urate stones from uric acid stones in vivo: A remedy for the diagnostic pitfall of dual-energy computed tomography

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第9期137卷 2023 Nov 23页

作者： Zheng Junjiong Zhang Jie Cai Jinhua Yao Yuhui Lu Sihong Wu Zhuo Cai Zhaoxi Tuerxun Aierken Batur Jesur Huang Jian Kong Jianqiu Lin Tianxin Department of Urology Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases Guangzhou Guangdong China Department of Neurology Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China Department of Radiology Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China Department of Urology The First People’s Hospital of Kashgar Prefecture Kashgar Xinjiang China

Background: Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is purported to accurately distinguish uric acid stones from non-uric acid stones. However, whether DECT can accurately discriminate ammonium urate stones from uric acid stones remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether they can be accurately identified by DECT and to develop a radiomics model to assist in distinguishing them.Methods: This research included two steps. For the first purpose to evaluate the accuracy of DECT in the diagnosis of uric acid stones, 178 urolithiasis patients who underwent preoperative DECT between September 2016 and December 2019 were enrolled. For model construction, 93, 40, and 109 eligible urolithiasis patients treated between February 2013 and October 2022 were assigned to the training, internal validation, and external validation sets, respectively. Radiomics features were extracted from non-contrast CT images, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to develop a radiomics signature. Then, a radiomics model incorporating the radiomics signature and clinical predictors was constructed. The performance of the model (discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness) was evaluated.Results: When patients with ammonium urate stones were included in the analysis, the accuracy of DECT in the diagnosis of uric acid stones was significantly decreased. Sixty-two percent of ammonium urate stones were mistakenly diagnosed as uric acid stones by DECT. A radiomics model incorporating the radiomics signature, urine pH value, and urine white blood cell count was constructed. The model achieved good calibration and discrimination {area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC; 95% confidence interval [CI]), 0.944 (0.899–0.989)}, which was internally and externally validated with AUCs of 0.895 (95% CI, 0.796–0.995) and 0.870 (95% CI, 0.769–0.972), respectively. Decision curve analysis revealed the clinical usefulness of the model.Conclusions: DECT cannot accurately differentiat

关键词： Ammonium urate Dual-energy scanned projection radiography Radiomics Uric acid Urolithiasis

Disruption of PABPN1 phase separation by SNRPD2 drives colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration through promoting alternative polyadenylation of CTNNBIP1

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1212-1225页

作者： Zhijie Hu Mengxia Li Yufeng Chen Liutao Chen Yuting Han Chengyong Chen Xin Lu Nan You Yawen Lou Yingye Huang Zhanfeng Huo Chao Liu Cheng Liang Susu Liu Ke Deng Liangfu Chen Shangwu Chen Guohui Wan Xiaojian Wu Yonggui Fu Anlong Xu State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional GenesDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Department of General Surgery(Colorectal Surgery)&Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases&Biomedical Innovation Center The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655China National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability(cultivation)Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and EvaluationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Life Sciences Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China

Generally shortened 3′UTR due to alternative polyadenylation(APA)is widely observed in cancer,but its regulation mechanisms for cancer are not well characterized.Here,with profiling of APA in colorectal cancer tissues and poly(A)signal editing,we firstly identified that the shortened 3′UTR of CTNNIBP1 in colorectal cancer promotes cell proliferation and migration.We found that liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)of PABPN1 is reduced albeit with higher expression in cancer,and the reduction of LLPS leads to the shortened 3′UTR of CTNNBIP1and promotes cell proliferation and migration.Notably,the splicing factor SNRPD2 upregulated in colorectal cancer,can interact with glutamic-proline(EP)domain of PABPN1,and then disrupt LLPS of PABPN1,which attenuates the repression effect of PABPN1 on the proximal poly(A)sites.Our results firstly reveal a new regulation mechanism of APA by disruption of LLPS of PABPN1,suggesting that regulation of APA by interfering LLPS of 3′end processing factor may have the potential as a new way for the treatment of cancer.

关键词： alternative polyadenylation colorectal cancer CTNNBIP1 PABPN1 liquid-liquid phase separation SNRPD2

Correction of a CADASIL point mutation using adenine base editors in hiPsCsandbloodvessel organoids

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第2期51卷 197-207页

作者： Jingwen Wang Lei Zhang Guanglan Wu Jinni Wu Xinyao Zhou Xiaolin Chen Yongxia Niu Yiren Jiao Qianyi Liu Puping Liang Guang Shi Xueqing Wu Junjiu Huang MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510275China Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510275China Center of Reproductive Medicine Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of ShanxiTaiyuanShanxi 030013China

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a monogenic small vessel disease caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. However, the pathogenesis of CADASIL remains unclear, and patients have limited treatment options. Here, we use human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with CADASIL carrying a heterozygous NOTCH3 mutation (c.1261C>T, p.R421C) to develop a disease model. The correction efficiency of different adenine base editors (ABEs) is tested using the HEK293T-NOTCH3 reporter cell line. ABEmax is selected based on its higher efficiency and minimization of predicted off-target effects. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) differentiated from CADASIL hiPSCs show NOTCH3 deposition and abnormal actin cytoskeleton structure, and the abnormalities are recovered in corrected hiPSC-derived VSMCs. Furthermore, CADASIL blood vessel organoids generated for in vivo modeling show altered expression of genes related to disease phenotypes, including the downregulation of cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, and vessel development. The dual adeno-associated virus (AAV) split-ABEmax system is applied to the genome editing of vascular organoids with an average editing efficiency of 8.82%. Collectively, we present potential genetic therapeutic strategies for patients with CADASIL using blood vessel organoids and the dual AAV split-ABEmax system.

关键词： CADASIL Induced pluripotent stem cells Adenine base editors AAV Blood vessel Organoid

RNA ac^(4)C modification in cancer biology:from regulatory mechanisms to clinical applications

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 832-835页

作者： Lijun Tao Yunqing Lu Zhuojia Chen Lichen Ge Junming He Jianxin Peng Hongsheng Wang School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China sun yat-sen university Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese Medical HospitalGuangzhou 510120China

RNA modifications are increasingly recognized for their significance in diverse physiological and pathological processes,with over 170 types of chemical modifications having been discovered since the1960s.Among these modifications,N4-acetylcytidine(ac^(4)C)is the first acetylated modification identified on eukaryotic RNAs,previously reported in transfer RNA(t RNA)and ribosomal RNA(rRNA)。

关键词： clinical (4) modification

Power-efficient programmable integrated multiport photonic interferometer in CMOS-compatible silicon nitride

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 I0011-I0020页

作者： SHUQING LIN YANFENG ZHANG ZHAOYANG WU SHIHAO ZENG QING GAO JIAQI LI XIAOQUN YU SIYUAN YU State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China

Silicon nitride(SiNx)is an appealing waveguide material choice for large-scale,high-performance photonic integrated circuits(PICs)due to its low optical loss.However,SiNx PICs require high electric power to realize optical reconfiguration via the weak thermo-optic effect,which limits their scalability in terms of device density and chip power dissipation.We report a 6-mode programmable interferometer PIC operating at the wavelength of 1550 nm on a CMOS-compatible low-temperature inductance coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition(ICP-CVD)silicon nitride platform.By employing suspended thermo-optic phase shifters,the PIC achieves 2×improvement in compactness and 10×enhancement in power efficiency compared to conventional devices.Reconfigurable 6-dimensional linear transformations are demonstrated including cyclic transformations and arbitrary unitary matrices.This work demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating power-efficient large-scale reconfigurable PICs on the low-temperature ICP-CVD silicon nitride platform.

关键词： unitary arbitrary figuration

Effect of Sonic hedgehog gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on graft-induced retinal gliosis and retinal ganglion cells survival in diabetic mice

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 34-41页

作者： Tong Wang Hai-Chun Li Jin Ma Xi-Ling Yu State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhou 510060Guangdong ProvinceChina

AIM:To investigate the effects of Sonic hedgehog(Shh)gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)on graft-induced retinal gliosis and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)survival in diabetic mice.METHODS:Bone marrow-derived MSCs were genetically modified with the Shh gene to generate a stably transfected cell line of Shh-modified MSCs(MSC-Shh).Intravitreal injections of MSC-Shh and green fluorescent protein-modified MSCs(MSC-Gfp;control)were administered in diabetic mice.After 4wk,the effects of MSC-Shh on retinal gliosis were evaluated using fundus photography,and markers of gliosis were examined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.The neurotrophic factors expression and RGCs survival in the host retina were evaluated using Western blotting and immunofluorescence.The mechanisms underlying the effects of MSC-Shh was investigated.RESULTS:A significant reduction of proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)was observed after intravitreal injection of MSC-Shh compared to MSC-Gfp.Significant downregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)was demonstrated in the host retina after MSC-Shh administration compared to MSC-Gfp.The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),protein kinase B(AKT)and phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase(PI3K)pathways were significantly downregulated after MSC-Shh administration compared to MSC-Gfp.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF)levels were significantly increased in the host retina,and RGCs loss was significantly prevented after MSC-Shh administration.CONCLUSION:MSC-Shh administration reduces graft-induced reactive gliosis following intravitreal injection in diabetic mice.The ERK1/2,AKT and PI3K pathways are involved in this process.MSC-Shh also increases the levels of neurotrophic factors in the host retina and promoted RGCs survival in diabetic mice.

关键词： mesenchymal stem cells Sonic hedgehog signaling reactive gliosis diabetic retinopathy retinal ganglion cells