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The function of small RNAs in plant biotic stress response

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第4期58卷 312-327页

作者： Juan Huang Meiling Yang Xiaoming Zhang state key laboratory of Integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Small RNAs（s RNAs） play essential roles in plants upon biotic stress. Plants utilize RNA silencing machinery to facilitate pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity to defend against pathogen attack or to facilitate defense against insect herbivores. Pathogens, on the other hand, are also able to generate effectors and s RNAs to counter the host immune response. The arms race between plants and pathogens/insect herbivores has triggered the evolution of s RNAs,RNA silencing machinery and pathogen effectors. A great number of studies have been performed to investigate the roles of s RNAs in plant defense, bringing in the opportunity to utilize s RNAs in plant protection. Transgenic plants with pathogen-derived resistance ability or transgenerational defense have been generated, which show promising potential as solutions for pathogen/insect herbivore problems in the field. Here we summarize the recent progress on the function of s RNAs in response to biotic stress, mainly in plant-pathogen/insect herbivore interaction,and the application of s RNAs in disease and insect herbivore control.

关键词： Small RNA plant immunity transgenerational defense pathogen-derived resistance

Comparison of the olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric steppe grasshopper species(Orthoptera:Acrididae)to plant volatile compounds

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2004年第2期47卷 115-123页

作者： CHEN Huhai ZHAO Yunxian KANG Le state key laboratory of Integrated management of pest Insects & rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male and female Oedipodinae grasshop-pers, Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko and Angaracris barabensis Pall to 37 plant volatile compounds were recorded. The two species have sympatric distribution and synchronous sea-sonal activity in Inner Mongolia Grasslands. They have different host plant preference with Oedaleus decorus asiaticus graminivorous and A. barabensis forbivorous. The EAG response profiles to 37 compounds of the two species and their both sexes were similar. Most of the green leaf volatiles elicited higher EAG responses in both species and sexes than terpenic compounds and some aromatic compounds. Strong EAG responses were elicited by 6-carbon alcohols (1-hexanol, Z-hexen-2-ol-1, E-2-hexen-1-ol, E-hexen-3-ol-1), aldehyde (E-2-hexen-1-al), ester (Z-hexen-3-yl acetate), and 7-carbon alcohols (1-heptanol) in both species and sexes. Monoterpenes with functional groups of alcohols and aldehydes were more stimulating than other monoterpenes tested. The sesquiterpenes tested elicited relatively low responses. Ben-zaldehyde elicited the highest responses for both species among aromatic components. Oedaleus decorus asiaticus showed higher EAG responses than A. barabensis to the green leaf volatiles, 1-decanol, 1-nonanol, 1-pentanol, hexanal, Z-hexen-3-yl acetate and to the sesquiter-penes (-)-trans-caryophyllene. Males have higher responses than females in Oedaleus decorus asiaticus. No sexual difference was observed in A. barabensis. Dose-dependent responses to six selected chemicals were observed from females. In both species, all the chemicals tested elicit EAG responses at concentration between 10-3 mol/L and 10-2 mol/L, except that the responses of A. barabensis to terpineol had a threshold concentration of 10-2 mol/L benzaldehyde and 1-hexanol had the highest slopes in dose curves, while 1-octen-3-ol showed the smallest slope in responses to the six chemicals tested. Comparative studies on the responses of two ant

关键词： electroantennogram, grasshoppers, Oedaleus decorus asiaticus, Angaracris barabensis, plant volatile compounds, sympatric species.

Spatial transmission of avian influenza (type H5) in birds

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第4期4卷 418-425页

作者： Xinhai LI Xiaoming LIU Lei XU Zhibin ZHANG state key laboratory of Integrated pest management on pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5N1 continues to threaten domestic and wild birds,as well as human ***,the mechanism of spatial transmission of HPAI is still *** analyzed the current distribu-tion of HPAI occurrences based on World Organization for Animal Health reported data from 3049 sites in the world from December 2003 to June 2006,and found that these sites were spaced at distances with a frequency peak of 100–200 *** built a cellular automata model to simulate the spatial transmission process of HPAI as a function of transmission distance,variance of the transmission distance,infection rate,and transmission times(how many times HPAI transmits from one host to another before suppression).We determined that the transmis-sion distance between HPAI occurrences is approximately 100 km on the basis of historical HPAI occurrences from 2003 to 2006 in both wild and domestic *** effectively reduce the long-distance spreading of HPAI,preventing close contact between domestic birds and waterfowl within a radius of 100 km around HPAI occur-rence sites is essential.

关键词： avian influenza birds cellular automata model disease transmission H5N1.

Response of successive three generations of cotton,bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner),fed on cotton bolls under elevated CO_2

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第11期19卷 1318-1325页

作者： WU Gang CHEN Fa-jun SUN Yu-cheng GE Feng National key laboratory of lntegrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Department of Biology Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

The growth, development and consumption of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner）, fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2 （double-ambient vs. ambient） in open-top chambers were examined. Significant decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content and increases in free fatty acid were observed in cotton bolls. Changes in quality of cotton bolls affected the growth, development and food utilization of H. armigera. Significantly longer larval development duration in three successive generations and lower pupal weight of the second and third generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower fecundity was also found in successive three generations of H. armigera fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The consumption per larva occurred significant increase in successive three generations and frass per larva were also significantly increased during the second and third generations under elevated CO2. Significantly lower relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food and significant higher relative consumption rate in successive three generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower potential female fecundity, larval numbers and population consumption were found in the second and third generations of cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The integrative effect of higher larval mortality rate and lower adult fecundity resulted in significant decreases in potential population consumption in the latter two generations. The results show that elevated CO2 adversely affects cotton bolls quality, which indicates the potential population dynamics and potential population consumption of cotton bollworm will alleviate the harm to the plants in the future rising CO2 atmosphere.

关键词： elevated CO2 Helicoverpa armigera growth development fecundity cotton bolls population consumption successive generation

Low daily energy expenditure enables giant pandas to survive on bamboo

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第9期58卷 925-926页

作者： WANG DeHua state key laboratory of Integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Giant pandas （Ailuropoda melanoleuca） belong to the bear family （Urisidae） within the order Carnivora and specialize on a diet of bamboo, but still retain a typical carnivoran gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, they have a very low energy digestive efficiency （9.5%-34%） if fed only bamboo in captivity. The property of metabolic physiology of giant pandas is an interesting question. McNab [1] wrote in his new book Extreme Measures that ＂basal metabolic rate （BMR） of the giant panda, a semi-arboreal, bamboo-eating bear, has not been measured, but given its habits, it un- doubtedly has a BMR that is appreciably less than expected from （body） mass. Its basal rate is possibly similar to, or less than, that found in the sloth bear （Melursus ursinus）, which feeds heavily on termites and has a basal rate equal to 80% （of expected）. The sloth bear, and presumably the giant panda, differ in energetics from other bears such as omniv- orous black （Ursus americanus） and brown bears （Ursus arctos）, and strictly carnivorous polar bears＂.

关键词：能量消耗大熊猫竹子基础代谢率生理特性肉食动物食肉目胃肠道

Microsatellites reveal the genetic structure of thelytokous strains of the migratory locust

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Insect Science 2007年第3期14卷 193-199页

作者： ZHAO-QIAN TENG LE KANG state key laboratory of Integrated management of pest and rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

This study reports on two parthenogenetic strains of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. The offspring of thelytokou females had a single fragment per microsatellite loci. All offspring of the parthenogenetic F1 females were genetically identical. These results further confirmed that restitution of the sister products of early cleavage mitoses and cell fusion might be the most likely diploidization mechanisms in the thelytokous locusts. Polymerase chain reaction amplification results demonstrated that thelytoky in the locust was not induced by Wolbachia bacteria. Apart from the low fitness gained in thelytokous females, large populations with migration and losing heterozygosity may be other reasons why regular parthenogenesis has not evolved in the locust.

关键词： genetic structure Locusta migratoria microsatellites thelytokous parthenogenesis Wolbachia

Composition and emission dynamics of migratory locust volatiles in response to changes in developmental stages and population density

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Insect Science 2017年第1期24卷 60-72页

作者： Jianing Wei Wenbo Shao Xianhui Wang Jin Ge Xiangyong Chen Dan Yu Le Kang state key laboratory of Integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Chemical communication plays an important role in density-dependent phase change in locusts. However, the volatile components and emission patterns of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, are largely unknown. In this study, we identified the chemical compositions and emission dynamics of locust volatiles from the body and feces and associated them with developmental stages, sexes and phase changes. The migratory locust shares a number of volatile components with the desert locust （Schistocerca gregaria）, but the emission dynamics of the two locust species are significantly different. The body odors of the gregarious nymphs in the migratory locust consisted of phenylacetonitrile （PAN）, benzaldehyde, guaiacol, phenol, aliphatic acids and 2,3-butanediol, and PAN was the dominant volatile. Volatiles from the fecal pellets of the nymphs primarily consist of guaiacol and phenol. Principal component analysis （PCA） showed significant differences in the volatile profiles between gregarious and solitary locusts. PAN and 4-vinylanisole concentrations were significantly higher in gregarious individuals than in solitary locusts. Gregarious mature males released significantly higher amounts of PAN and 4-vinylanisole during adulthood than mature females and immature adults of both sexes. Furthermore, PAN and 4-vinylanisole were completely lost in gregarious nymphs during the solitarization process, but were obtained by solitary nymphs during gregarization. The amounts of benzaldehyde, guaiacol and phenol only unidirectionally decreased from solitary to crowded treatment. Aliphatic aldehydes （C7 to C10）, which were previously reported as locust volatiles, are now identified as environmental contaminants. Therefore, our results illustrate the precise odor profiles of migratory locusts during developmental stages, sexes and phase change. However, the function and role of PAN and other aromatic compounds during phase transition need further investigation.

关键词： GC-MS/MS Locusta migratoria phase change phenylacetonitrile volatile chemicals

Social dominance-related major urinary proteins and the regulatory mechanism in mice

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第6期10卷 543-554页

作者： Huifen GUO Qi FANG Ying HUO Yaohua ZHANG Jianxu ZHANG state key laboratory of Integrated management of pest Insects and rodents in Agriculture Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Major urinary proteins(MUPs)have been proven to be non-volatile male pheromones in ***,we aimed to elucidate the relationship between MUPs and dominance hierarchy,and the underlying molecular ***–submission relationship was established by chronic dyadic *** found that at the urinary protein level and hepatic mRNA level,the expression of major MUPs,including Mup20,was enhanced in dominant males compared with subordinate males,indicating that MUPs might signal the social status of male ***,the mRNA level of hepatic corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2(CRHR2)was higher in subordinate male mice than in dominant male *** also enhanced the expression of CRHR2,but suppressed that of ***2 agonist treatment reduced the expression of MUPs in ***,male social status failed to exert significant influence on serum testosterone and corticosterone as well as the mRNA expression of their *** findings reveal that some MUPs,especially Mup20,might constitute potential dominance pheromones and could be downregulated by hepatic CRHR2,which is possibly independent of androgen or corticosterone systems.

关键词： androgen corticosterone corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 major urinary proteins social rank

Boundless love:a German Professor Uli Schwarz in China

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Protein & Cell 2024年第8期15卷 553-558页

作者： Le Kang state key laboratory of Integrated management of pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

More than 20 years ago,an old German man embarked on a quest to explore the suburbs of Shanghai and the villages of jiangsu Province in search of antique Chinese *** was not a mere antique collector or aficionado of ancient furmiture,but a German scientist motivated by his profound love of Chinese *** name was Uli Schwarz(Fig.1),a distinguished German scientist who had dedicated the majority of his life to promoting cross-cultural scientific exchanges,an effort that left an indelible mark on the landscape of research collaborations between China and Germany.

关键词： Schwarz German landscape