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Transcriptome analysis reveals the effects of alkali stress on root system architecture and endogenous hormones in apple rootstocks

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第10期18卷 2264-2271页

作者： LIU Xuan LIANG Wei LI Yu-xing LI Ming-jun MA Bai-quan LIU Chang-hai MA Feng-wang LI Cui-ying state key laboratory of crop stress biology for arid areas/shaanxi key laboratory of apple College of Horticulture Northwest A&F University

Soil alkalinity is a major factor that restricts the growth of apple *** analyze the response of apple roots to alkali stress, the root structure and endogenous hormones of two apple rootstocks, Malus prunifolia (alkali-tolerant) and Malus hupehensis (alkali-sensitive), were compared. To understand alkali tolerance of M. prunifolia at the molecular level, transcriptome analysis was performed. When plants were cultured in alkaline conditions for 15 d, the root growth of M. hupehensis with weak alkali tolerance decreased significantly. Analysis of endogenous hormone levels showed that the concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) in M. hupehensis under alkali stress were lower than those in the control. However, the trend for IAA and ZR in M. prunifolia was the opposite. The concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) in the roots of the two apple rootstocks under alkali stress increased, but the concentration of ABA in the roots of M. prunifolia was higher than that in M. hupehensis. The expression of IAA-related genes ARF5, GH3.6, SAUR36, and SAUR32 and the Cytokinin (CTK)-related gene IPT5 in M. prunifolia was higher than those in the control, but the expression of these genes in M. hupehensis was lower than those in the control. The expression of ABA-related genes CIPK1 and AHK1 increased in the two apple rootstocks under alkali stress, but the expression of CIPK1 and AHK1 in M. prunifolia was higher than in M. hupehensis. These results demonstrated that under alkali stress, the increase of IAA, ZR, and ABA in roots and the increase of the expression of related genes promoted the growth of roots and improved the alkali tolerance of apple rootstocks.

关键词： alkali stress apple rootstock endogenous hormone root architecture transcriptome analysis

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Potassium Uptake and Transport in apple Roots Under Drought stress

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2019年第1期5卷 10-16页

作者： Jianguo Qi Simin Sun Lin Yang Mingjun Li Fengwang Ma Yangjun Zou state key laboratory of crop stress biology for arid areas/shaanxi key laboratory of apple College of Horticulture Northwest A & F University

As one of the most important mineral nutrient elements, potassium(K^+) plays an important role in many plant physiological processes and determines both the yield and quality of crops. There are two typical gene families that regulate K^+transport in higher plants, including K^+channels and K^+transporters. However, little is known about how these channels and transporters divide their work in response to drought stress. In this study, the hydroponic experiment was conducted on Malus hupehensis. The K^+content was found to decrease in response to drought stress in M. hupehensis, the aboveground decreased by 34.15% and the underground decreased by 3.97%. Meanwhile, the root morphology change was detected by scanning the root system. Under conditions of drought, the genes encoding K^+transporters were upregulated including MdCHX1.3, MdCHX4.11, MdCHX4.8, MdCHX4.9, Md HKT1, and MdHAK3.2. The net influx of K^+was inhibited by 19.47% with the action of K^+channel inhibitors(CsCl), however a significant decrease(80.99%; P stress. These results suggest that we can improve the uptake of K^+by purposely up-regulating specific K^+transporters under drought stress. This process may improve growth, yield, quality, and stress tolerance in apple trees.

关键词： apple potassium drought stress transporter root morphology uptake

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Linkage map and QTL mapping of red flesh locus in apple using a R1R1×R6R6 population

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2021年第5期7卷 393-400页

作者： Chengquan Yang Guangya Sha Tao Wei Baiquan Ma Cuiying Li Pengmin Li Yangjun Zou Lingfei Xu Fengwang Ma state key laboratory of crop stress biology for arid areas/shaanxi key laboratory of apple College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China

The red flesh in apple fruit is a desired trait by consumers and it is associated to the anthocyanin content,which is mainly controlled by MdMYB10 with a R6 *** this study,a high-density linkage group was constructed using the‘Fuji’x‘Red3’population which contained homozygous alleles R1R1 and R6R6,*** linkage group consists of 7630 SNPs along 17 linkage groups,spanning 2270.21 cM,with an average density of 0.30 cM *** cyanidin-3-galactoside concentration was used as the phenotypic data in QTL ***,one QTL peak which was flaked by two markers,marker2187260 to marker2173766,with LOD scores of 4.49 was *** QTL ranged from 0 to 40.79 cM on the top of linkage group(LG16).In addition one candidate molecular marker(marker2175442)in this QTL was identified,which was significant correlated with the flesh cyanidin-3-galactoside *** genetic findings enrich the breeding basis of fruit flesh coloration in apple.

关键词： apple Red flesh Cyanidin-3-galactoside Linkage group Genetic mapping

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The m6A reader MhYTP2 regulates the stability of its target mRNAs contributing to low nitrogen tolerance in apple (Malus domestica)

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Horticulture Research 2023年第6期10卷 287-298页

作者： Tianli Guo Zehua Yang Ru Bao Xiaomin Fu Na Wang Changhai Liu Fengwang Ma state key laboratory of crop stress biology for arid areas/shaanxi key laboratory of apple College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China

Studies have shown that the m6A reader primarily affects genes expression by participating in the regulation of mRNA localization,splicing,degradation,translation,and other metabolic ***,we discovered that the apple(Malus domestica)m6A reader MhYTP2 bound with and destabilized m6A-modified MdMLO19 *** addition,it enhanced the translation efficiency of m6A-modified mRNA of MdGDH1L,encoding a glutamate dehydrogenase,which confers resistance to powdery *** this study,we report the function of MhYTP2 in the regulation of resistance to low nitrogen(N).The overexpression of MhYTP2 enhances the resistance of apple to low *** show that MhYTP2 binds with and stabilizes the mRNAs of MdALN,which participates in the allantoin catabolic process and cellular response to N starvation in apple;MdPIDL,which participates in root hair elongation;MdTTG1,which is involved in the differentiation process of trichomes;and MdATG8A,which is a core participant in the regulation of *** addition,MhYTP2 accelerates the degradation of MdRHD3 mRNA,which regulates root *** immunoprecipitation-seq and electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that the mRNAs of MdALN,MdATG8A,MdPIDL,MdTTG1,and MdRHD3 are the direct targets of *** or knocking down the above genes in MhYTP2 overexpressing plants dismisses the function of MhYTP2 under low N,suggesting the role of MhYTP2 is dependent on those ***,these results demonstrate that MhYTP2 enhances the resistance of apple to N deficiency by affecting the stability of the bound mRNAs.

关键词： dis translation expressing

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Overexpression of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid gene MdIAA24 enhances Glomerella leaf spot resistance in apple(Malus domestica)

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第1期10卷 15-24页

作者： Qian Wang Dong Huang Wenyan Tu Fengwang Ma Changhai Liu state key laboratory of crop stress biology for arid areas/shaanxi key laboratory of apple College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China

Auxin is throughout the entire life process of plants and is involved in the crosstalk with other hormones,yet its role in apple disease resistance remains *** this study,we investigated the function of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)gene Md IAA24 overexpression in enhancing apple resistance to Glomerella leaf spot(GLS)caused by Colletotrichum fructicola(Cf).Analysis revealed that,upon Cf infection,35S::Md IAA24 plants exhibited enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activity,as well as a greater amount of glutathione(reduced form)and ascorbic acid accumulation,resulting in less H_(2)O_(2)and superoxide anion(O_(2)^(-))in apple ***,35S::Md IAA24 plants produced more protocatechuic acid,proanthocyanidins B1,proanthocyanidins B2 and chlorogenic acid when infected with *** Cf infection,35S::Md IAA24 plants presented lower levels of IAA and jasmonic acid(JA),but higher levels of salicylic acid(SA),along with the expression of related *** overexpression of Md IAA24 was observed to enhance the activity of chitinase andβ-1,3-glucanase in Cfinfected *** results indicated the ability of Md IAA24 to regulate the crosstalk between IAA,JA and SA,and to improve reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging and defense-related enzymes *** jointly contributed to GLS resistance in apple.

关键词： apple MdIAA24 Glomerella leaf spot(GLS) Antioxidant capacity Auxin Salicylic acid Jasmonic acid

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Genome-wide identification of droughtresponsive microRNAs in two sets of Malus from interspecific hybrid progenies

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 794-811页

作者： Chundong Niu Haiyan Li Lijuan Jiang Mingjia Yan Cuiying Li Dali Geng Yinpeng Xie Yan Yan Xiaoxia Shen Pengxiang Chen Jun Dong Fengwang Ma Qingmei Guan state key laboratory of crop stress biology for arid areas/shaanxi key laboratory of apple College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China

Drought stress can negatively impact apple fruit quality and *** microRNAs(miRNAs)participate in apple tree and fruit development,as well as in biotic stress tolerance;however,it is largely unknown whether these molecules are involved in the drought *** identify drought-responsive miRNAs in Malus,we first examined the drought stress tolerance of ten F1 progenies of R3(M.×domestica)×*** performed Illumina sequencing on pooled total RNA from both drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive *** sequencing results identified a total of 206 known miRNAs and 253 candidate novel miRNAs from drought-tolerant plants and drought-sensitive plants under control or drought *** identified 67 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in drought-tolerant plants compared with drought-sensitive plants under drought *** drought stress,61 and 35 miRNAs were differentially expressed in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive plants,*** determined the expression levels of seven out of eight miRNAs by stem-loop qPCR *** also predicted the target genes of all differentially expressed miRNAs and identified the expression of some *** Ontology analyses indicated that the target genes were mainly involved in stimulus response and cellular and metabolic ***,we confirmed roles of two miRNAs in apple response to *** results reveal candidate miRNAs and their associated mRNAs that could be targeted for improving drought tolerance in Malus species,thus providing a foundation for understanding the molecular networks involved in the response of apple trees to drought stress.

关键词： drought mannitol Malus

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Overexpression of MdATG18a in apple improves resistance to Diplocarpon mali infection by enhancing antioxidant activity and salicylic acid levels

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 149-158页

作者： Xun Sun Liuqing Huo Xin Jia Runmin Che Xiaoqing Gong Ping Wang Fengwang Ma state key laboratory of crop stress biology for arid areas/shaanxi key laboratory of apple College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F University712100YanglingShaanxiChina

Marssonina apple blotch,caused by Diplocarpon mali,is one of the most serious diseases of *** plays a key role in pathogen *** previously showed that MdATG18a has a positive influence on drought ***,we describe how overexpression(OE)of MdATG18a enhances resistance to *** infection,probably because less H2O2 but more salicylic acid(SA)is accumulated in the leaves of OE apple *** of chitinase,β-1,3-glucanase,and SA-related marker genes was induced more strongly by *** in OE *** levels of other important MdATG genes were also drastically increased by *** in OE plants,which indicated increased autophagy *** together,these results demonstrate that OE of MdATG18a enhances resistance to infection by *** and plays positive roles in H2O2-scavenging and SA *** findings provide important information for designing strategies which could induce autophagy to minimize the impact of this disease on apple production.

关键词： finding designing resistance

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Silencing MdGH3-2/12 in apple reduces drought resistance by regulating AM colonization

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 1109-1122页

作者： Dong Huang Qian Wang Zhijun Zhang Guangquan Jing Mengnan Ma Fengwang Ma Chao Li state key laboratory of crop stress biology for arid areas/shaanxi key laboratory of apple College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100 ShaanxiChina

Drought leads to reductions in plant growth and crop *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),which form symbioses with the roots of the most important crop species,alleviate drought stress in *** the present work,we identified 14 GH3 genes in apple(Malus domestica)and provided evidence that MdGH3-2 and MdGH3-12 play important roles during AM *** expression of both MdGH3-2 and MdGH3-12 was upregulated during mycorrhization,and the silencing of MdGH3-2/12 had a negative impact on AM ***3-2/12 silencing resulted in the downregulation of five genes involved in strigolactone synthesis,and there was a corresponding change in root strigolactone ***,we observed lower root dry weights in RNAi lines under AM inoculation *** transgenic plants showed greater sensitivity to drought stress than WT,as indicated by their higher relative electrolytic leakage and lower relative water contents,osmotic adjustment ability,ROS scavenging ability,photosynthetic capacity,chlorophyll fluorescence values,and abscisic acid *** together,these data demonstrate that MdGH3-2/12 plays an important role in AM symbiosis and drought stress tolerance in apple.

关键词： drought GH3 resistance

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MdVQ37 overexpression reduces basal thermotolerance in transgenic apple by affecting transcription factor activity and salicylic acid homeostasis

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2892-2907页

作者： Qinglong Dong Dingyue Duan Wenqian Zheng Dong Huang Qian Wang Xiaoran Li Ke Mao Fengwang Ma state key laboratory of crop stress biology for arid areas/shaanxi key laboratory of apple College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F University712100 YanglingShaanxiChina

High temperature(HT)is one of the most important environmental stress factors and seriously threatens plant growth,development,and *** motif-containing proteins are transcriptional regulators that have been reported to regulate plant growth and developmental processes,including responses to biotic and abiotic ***,the relationships between VQ motif-containing proteins and HT stress have not been studied in depth in *** this study,transgenic apple(Malus domestica)plants overexpressing the apple VQ motif-containing protein-coding gene(MdVQ37)were exposed to HT stress,and the transgenic lines exhibited a heat-sensitive *** addition,physiological and biochemical studies revealed that,compared with WT plants,transgenic lines had lower enzymatic activity and photosynthetic capacity and lower amounts of nonenzymatic antioxidant system metabolites under HT *** analysis revealed 1379 genes whose expression differed between the transgenic lines and WT *** and KEGG pathway analyses showed that transcription factor activity and plant hormone signaling pathways were differentially influenced and enriched in the transgenic *** acid(SA)content analysis indicated that overexpression of MdVQ37 reduced the content of endogenous SA by regulating the expression of SA catabolism-related genes,which ultimately resulted in disruption of the SA-dependent signaling pathway under HT *** application of SA slightly increased the survival rate of the transgenic lines under HT *** together,our results indicate that apple MdVQ37 has a regulatory function in basal thermotolerance by modulating the activity of transcription factors and SA ***,this study provides novel insights that improve our understanding of the various functions of VQ motif-containing proteins.

关键词： homeostasis slightly expressing

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Myo-inositol mediates reactive oxygen species-induced programmed cell death via salicylic acid-dependent and ethylene-dependent pathways in apple

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 942-954页

作者： Lingyu Hu Kun Zhou Guijin Ren Shulin Yang Yuan Liu Zhijun Zhang Yangtiansu Li Xiaoqing Gong Fengwang Ma state key laboratory of crop stress biology for arid areas/shaanxi key laboratory of apple College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F University712100 YanglingShaanxiChina

As a versatile compound,myo-inositol plays vital roles in plant biochemistry and *** previously showed that exogenous application of myo-inositol had a positive role in salinity tolerance in Malus hupehensis *** this study,we used MdMIPS(the rate-limiting gene of myo-inositol biosynthesis)transgenic apple lines to gain new insights into the physiological role of myo-inositol in *** myo-inositol biosynthesis in apple lines by RNA silencing of MdMIPS1/2 led to extensive programmed cell death,which manifested as necrosis of both the leaves and roots and,ultimately,plant *** was directly caused by the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species,which may be closely associated with the cell wall polysaccharide-mediated increase in salicylic acid and a compromised antioxidant system,and this process was enhanced by an increase in ethylene *** addition,a high accumulation of sorbitol promoted *** synergetic interplay between salicylic acid and ethylene was further supported by the fact that increased myo-inositol accumulation significantly delayed leaf senescence in MdMIPS1-overexpressing apple *** together,our results indicated that apple myo-inositol regulates reactive oxygen species-induced programmed cell death through salicylic acid-dependent and ethylene-dependent pathways.

关键词： versatile roots limiting

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