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Dietary carbohydrate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes:a 16-year prospective cohort study

Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Lu Gan Yi Yang Bin Zhao Kai Yu Kehua Guo Fang Fang Zhiguang Zhou Demetrius Albanes Jiaqi Huang Key Laboratory of diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University CSU-Sinocare Research Center for Nutrition and Metabolic Health Xiangya School of Public Health Central South UniversityFurong Laboratory Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH Department of Health and Human Services School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institute National Clinical Research center for Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Despite considerable research underscoring the importance of carbohydrate intake in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes(T2D), a comprehensive assessment of this relationship is currently lacking. We aimed to examine the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with the risk of T2D, to evaluate potential effect modification by other factors, including genetic susceptibility,and to explore the potential mediators for such associations. The present study included 161,872 participants of the UK Biobank who were free of prevalent cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes, and had at least one validated 24-h dietary recall assessment. Multivariableadjusted age-stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) for the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with risk of T2D. During a median follow-up of13.6 years, 4,176 incident cases of T2D were identified. In the multivariable-adjusted models, a greater intake of fiber, carbohydrates from whole grains, and carbohydrates from non-starchy vegetables was significantly associated with a lower risk of T2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95% CI]=0.70 [0.62–0.79], 0.74 [0.67–0.82], and 0.83 [0.75–0.92], respectively, all P for trend <0.005). In contrast, a higher intake of starch and carbohydrate from starchy vegetables was associated with an increased risk of T2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95%CI]=1.31 [1.16–1.48] and 1.19 [1.09–1.31], respectively, both P for trend <0.005). Replacing one serving of refined grains or starchy vegetables with an equal amount of whole grains or non-starchy vegetables was associated with 4% to 10% lower risk of T2D(all P values <0.001).The observed associations were generally similar across population subgroups, including individuals with different genetic susceptibility to T2D. Mediation analyses of the inverse association between T

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TRMT6 and TRMT61A facilitated acute pancreatitis severity via regulation of neutrophil function

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Yuan Dong Li Su Sin Man Lam Cen Yan Yalan Deng Guotao Lu Jinkui Yang Guanghou Shui Yingmei Feng Beijing Institute of Hepatology Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical University Department of Science and Development Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical University Laboratory for Clinical Medicine Capital Medical University Neuroscience Research Institute Peking University Center of Medical and Health AnalysisPeking University State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Pancreatic center Department of GastroenterologyAffiliated Hospital of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou University Beijing Key Laboratory of diabetes Research and Care Department of EndocrinologyBeijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical University

Dear Editor,Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been identified as a risk factor for increased severity in acute pancreatitis (AP)(Mikóet al,2018).However,to date,no studies have simultaneously included healthy individuals,T2DM patients,and AP patients to investigate which diabetes-associated metabolites are linked to AP severity.

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Reproductive disturbances among Saudi adolescent girls and young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of diabetes 2017年第11期8卷 475-483页

作者： Rim Braham Asirvatham Alwin Robert Maha Ali Musallam Abdulaziz Alanazi Nawaf Bin Swedan Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish Department of endocrinology and diabetes Diabetes Treatment CenterPrince Sultan Military Medical CityRiyadh 11159Saudi Arabia

AIM To identify reproductive disturbances among adolescent girls and young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1 DM) in Saudi *** This cross sectional study was conducted among 102 female with T1 DM,(aged 13-29 years) who attended the diabetes Clinic at diabetes Treatment center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia between April 2015 to March 2016. Clinical history, anthropometric characteristics and reproductive disturbance were collected through a *** Of 102 patients included in this analysis, 26.5%(27/102) were reported that they experienced an irregular menses. Of these patients, when compared to whose diabetes was diagnosed before menarche(35.4%, 17/48), patients diagnosed with diabetes after menarche(18.5%, 10/54) showed significantly less irregular menses(difference 16.9%, P = 0.04). Similarly, compared to patients diagnosed with diabetes prior to menarche(mean age 12.9 years; n = 48), patients diagnosed with diabetes after menarche(meanage 12.26 years; n = 54) were found to have 0.64 years delay in the age of menarche(P = 0.04). Among the studied patients, 15.7%(16/102) had polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). Of these PCOS patients, 37.5%(6/16) had irregular menses, 6.3%(1/16) had Celiac disease, 37.5%(6/16) had Hashimoto thyroiditis and 18.7%(3/16) had *** More than one fourth of the study population with T1 DM experiencing an irregular menses. Adolescent girls and young women diagnosed with diabetes prior to menarche showed higher menstrual irregularity and a delay in the age of menarche.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes Reproductive disturbances Polycystic ovarian syndrome Premature ovarian failure Menarche Saudi Arabia

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Early-onset diabetes:an epidemic in China

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Frontiers of Medicine 2018年第6期12卷 624-633页

作者： Jiemin Pan Weiping Jia Department of endocrinology and Metabolism Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai Clinical Center for DiabetesShanghai Diabetes InstituteShanghai 200233China

Although type 2 diabetes is a disease often associated with aging, the global prevalence of early-onset diabetes has been increasing due to man's sedentary lifestyle, low-physical activity, obesity, and some nonmodifiable risk factors. Many studies have found that individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes were at higher risk of developing vascular complications than those with late-onset diabetes. Individuals with early-onset diabetes are usually unwilling to visit hospital and have more confidence in their health, which results in poor glycemic control and the delayed detection of diabetes-related complications. Few studies have focused on the treatment and prevention of complications in specific population of individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes. Therefore, focusing on this particular population is critical for the government and academic societies. Screening for T2DM is imminent for young adults with a family history of diabetes, obesity, markers of insulin resistance, or alcohol consumption. More data are definitely required to establish a reasonable risk model to screen for early-onset diabetes.

关键词： diabetes diabetes complications early-onset

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Fibroblast growth factor 21:a novel metabolic regulator from pharmacology to physiology

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Frontiers of Medicine 2013年第1期7卷 25-30页

作者： Huating Li Jing Zhang Weiping Jia Department of endocrinology and Metabolism Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai Diabetes InstituteShanghai Clinical Center of DiabetesShanghai 200233China

Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21)is a member of the fibroblast growth factor *** actually functions as endocrine hormones but does not regulate cell growth and *** is demonstrated that FGF21 acts on multiple tissue to coordinate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism,including enhancing insulin sensitivity,decreasing triglyceride concentrations,causing weight loss,ameliorating obesity-associated hyperglycemia and ***,FGF21 also plays important roles in some physiological processes,such as fasting and feeding,growth hormone axis and thermogenic function of brown adipose *** relevance of FGF21 in humans is still unclear,and the basis and consequences of increased FGF21 in metabolic disease remain to be *** the pharmacological actions and physiological roles make FGF21 attractive drug candidates for treating metabolic disease,but some questions remain to be *** article concentrates on recent advances in our understanding of FGF21.

关键词： FGF21 metabolism pharmacology physiology clinical relevance

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Autophagy-targeting modulation to promote peripheral nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1864-1882页

作者： Yan Chen Hongxia Deng Nannan Zhang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology West China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Women and Children’s Diseases Ministry of EducationSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Laboratory of Reproductive endocrinology and Reproductive Regulation Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina National center for Birth Defect Monitoring West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina

Nerve regeneration following traumatic peripheral nerve injuries and neuropathies is a complex process modulated by diverse factors and intricate molecular *** studies have focused on factors that stimulate axonal outgrowth and myelin ***,recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of autophagy in peripheral nerve regeneration,particularly in the context of traumatic ***,autophagy-targeting modulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to enhancing peripheral nerve *** current understanding suggests that activating autophagy facilitates the rapid clearance of damaged axons and myelin sheaths,thereby enhancing neuronal survival and mitigating injury-induced oxidative stress and *** actions collectively contribute to creating a favorable microenvironment for structural and functional nerve regeneration.A range of autophagyinducing drugs and interventions have demonstrated beneficial effects in alleviating peripheral neuropathy and promoting nerve regeneration in preclinical models of traumatic peripheral nerve *** review delves into the regulation of autophagy in cell types involved in peripheral nerve regeneration,summarizing the potential drugs and interventions that can be harnessed to promote this *** hope that our review will offer novel insights and perspectives on the exploitation of autophagy pathways in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries and neuropathies.

关键词： autophagy autophagy related genes Charcot–Marie–Tooth diseases diabetic peripheral neuropathy metformin myelination peripheral nerve injury Schwann cells sciatic nerve Wallerian degeneration

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Low-carbohydrate diets lead to greater weight loss and better glucose homeostasis than exercise: a randomized clinical trial

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Frontiers of Medicine 2021年第3期15卷 460-471,F0004页

作者： Lingli Cai Jun Yin Xiaojing Ma Yifei Mo Cheng Li Wei Lu Yuqian Bao Jian Zhou Weiping Jia Department of endocrinology and Metabolism Shanghai Clinical Center for DiabetesShanghai Diabetes InstituteShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes MellitusShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai 200233China

Lifestyle interventions,including dietary adjustments and exercise,are important for obesity *** study enrolled adults with overweight or obesity to explore whether either low-carbohydrate diet(LCD)or exercise is more effective in metabolism ***-five eligible subjects were randomly divided into an LCD group(n=22)and an exercise group(EX,n=23).The subjects either adopted LCD(carbohydrate intake<50 g/day)or performed moderate-to-vigorous exercise(≥30 min/day)for 3 *** the interventions,LCD led to a larger weight loss than EX(−3.56±0.37 kg vs.−1.24±0.39 kg,P<0.001),as well as a larger reduction in fat mass(−2.10±0.18 kg vs.−1.25±0.24 kg,P=0.007)and waist circumference(−5.25±0.52 cm vs.−3.45±0.38 cm,P=0.008).Both interventions reduced visceral and subcutaneous fat and improved liver steatosis and insulin *** decreased in both two groups,whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in the LCD group but decreased in the EX *** glycemic parameters,including serum glycated albumin,mean sensor glucose,coefficient of variability(CV),and largest amplitude of glycemic excursions,substantially declined in the LCD *** CV slightly decreased after *** pilot study suggested that the effects of LCD and exercise are similar in alleviating liver steatosis and insulin *** with exercise,LCD might be more efficient for weight loss and glucose homeostasis in people with obesity.

关键词： low-carbohydrate diet obesity nonalcoholic fatty liver disease continuous glucose monitoring mean sensor glucose

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Gestational diabetes from A to Z

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World Journal of diabetes 2017年第12期8卷 489-511页

作者： AbdelHameed Mirghani Dirar John Doupis Prince Abdel Aziz Bin Musaad Hospital Diabetes and Endocrinology Center Iatriko Paleou Falirou Medical center Division of Diabetes and Clinical Research Center Postgraduate diabetes Education Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine Cardiff University School of Medicine

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is defined as any degree of hyperglycaemia that is recognized for the first time during pregnancy. This definition includes cases of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) identified early in pregnancy and true GDM which develops later. GDM constitutes a greater impact on diabetes epidemic as it carries a major risk of developing T2 DM to the mother and foetus later in life. In addition, GDM has also been linked with cardiometabolic risk factors such as lipid abnormalities, hypertensive disorders and hyperinsulinemia. These might result in later development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The understanding of the different risk factors, the pathophysiological mechanisms and the genetic factors of GDM, will help us to identify the women at risk, to develop effective preventive measures and to provide adequate management of the disease. Clinical trials have shown that T2 DM can be prevented in women with prior GDM, by intensive lifestyle modification and by using pioglitazone and metformin. However, a matter of controversy surrounding both screening and management of GDM continues to emerge, despite several recent welldesigned clinical trials tackling these issues. The aim of this manuscript is to critically review GDM in a detailed and comprehensive manner, in order to provide a scientific analysis and updated write-up of different related aspects.

关键词： diabetes in pregnancy Diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus Gestational diabetes mellitus-related comorbidities Genetics of gestational diabetes mellitus Gestational diabetes mellitus Lipids abnormalities in gestational diabetes mellitus Management of gestational diabetes mellitus Medical nutrition therapy Pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus

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Vitamin D:A new player in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第6期21卷 1718-1727页

作者： Myrto Eliades Elias Spyrou Division of endocrinology Diabetes and Nu-trition University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Medstar Washington Hospital Center

Vitamin D through its active form 1a-25-dihydroxyvtamin D[1,25(OH)2D]is a secosteroid hormone that plays a key role in mineral *** years have witnessed a significant scientific interest on vitamin D and expanded its actions to include immune modulation,cell differentiation and proliferation and inflammation *** our understanding of the many functions of vitamin D has grown,the presence of vitamin D deficiency has become one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies ***,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most common form of chronic liver disease in western *** and vitamin D deficiency often coexist and epidemiologic evidence has shown that both of these conditions share several cardiometabolic risk *** this article we provide an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology linking NAFLD and vitamin D deficiency,as well as the available evidence on the clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in NAFLD.

关键词： Steatohepatitis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Personalized medicine of type 2 diabetes

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Frontiers of Medicine 2013年第1期7卷 1-3页

作者： Weiping Jia Shanghai diabetes Institute Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes MellitusShanghai Clinical Center for DiabetesShanghai 200233China

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by impaired insulin secretion and decreased insulin *** has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and poses a considerable concern for public *** management of this disease is hence strongly emphasized for the aim of controlling the *** and injectable pharmacologic agents are currently both available for glycemic *** anti-diabetic drugs are among the most widely prescribed,including metformin,sulfonylureas,glinides,α-glucosidase inhibitors,thiazolidinediones and DPP-IV inhibitors[1].Despite the rapid progress in drug development,it is still challenging to achieve good glycemic control in a substantial population even when multiple anti-diabetic treatments are applied.

关键词： impaired diabetes drugs

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