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Dynamic changes of rumen microbiota and serum metabolome revealed increases in meat quality and growth performances of sheep fed bio‑fermented rice straw

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1207-1226页

作者： Yin Yin Kyawt Min Aung Yao Xu Zhanying Sun Yaqi Zhou Weiyun Zhu Varijakshapanicker Padmakumar Zhankun Tan Yanfen Cheng Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology National Center for International Research on Animal Gut NutritionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Animal Nutrition University of Veterinary ScienceNay Pyi Taw 15013Myanmar International livestock Research Institute Nairobi 00100Kenya College of Animal Science Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasa 850000China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‑Ecosystems Center for Grassland MicrobiomeCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Background Providing high-quality roughage is crucial for improvement of ruminant production because it is an essential component of their *** previous study showed that feeding bio-fermented rice straw(BF)improved the feed intake and weight gain of ***,it remains unclear why feeding BF to sheep increased their feed intake and weight ***,the purposes of this research were to investigate how the rumen micro-biota and serum metabolome are dynamically changing after feeding BF,as well as how their changes influence the feed intake,digestibility,nutrient transport,meat quality and growth performances of *** growing Hu sheep were allocated into 3 groups:alfalfa hay fed group(AH:positive control),rice straw fed group(RS:negative control)and BF fed group(BF:treatment).Samples of rumen content,blood,rumen epithelium,muscle,feed offered and refusals were collected for the subsequent *** Feeding BF changed the microbial community and rumen fermentation,particularly increasing(P<0.05)relative abundance of Prevotella and propionate production,and decreasing(P<0.05)enteric methane *** histomorphology(height,width,area and thickness)of rumen papillae and gene expression for carbohydrate trans-port(MCT1),tight junction(claudin-1,claudin-4),and cell proliferation(CDK4,Cyclin A2,Cyclin E1)were improved(P<0.05)in sheep fed ***,serum metabolome was also dynamically changed,which led to up-regulating(P<0.05)the primary bile acid biosynthesis and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid in sheep fed *** a result,the higher(P<0.05)feed intake,digestibility,growth rate,feed efficiency,meat quality and mono-unsaturated fatty acid concentration in muscle,and the lower(P<0.05)feed cost per kg of live weight were achieved by feeding *** Feeding BF improved the growth performances and meat quality of sheep and reduced their feed ***,bio-fermentation of rice straw could be an innovative way for improving rum

关键词： Bio-fermentation Growth rate Meat quality Metabolome Microbiota Rice straw

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Blastoids generated purely from embryonic stem cells both in mice and humans

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 418-420页

作者： Baojiang Wu Yanqiu Wang Jia Yan Mengya Liu Xihe Li Fuchou Tang Siqin Bao The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland livestock Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010020China Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau College of Life SciencesInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010020China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics and Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center College of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal Hohhot 011517China

Dear Editor,Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)and trophoblast stem cells(TSCs)are derived from blastocysts(Lu et al.,2001).Blastocyst-like structures(blastoids)are self-assembled structures formed by a combination of ESCs and TSCs(Rivron et al.,2018).To increase the success rate of blastoid formation and its similarity with the features of blastocysts,some reports showed that blastoid could also be derived from a combination of three cell lines,ESCs,TSCs,and extraembryonic endoderm cells(XENs),or novel type of stem cells(Sozen et al.,2018;Weatherbee et al.,2023:Wu et al.,2023;Zhang et al.,2023;Zhang et al.,2019).

关键词： purely similarity

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Cofitness network connectivity determines a fuzzy essential zone in open bacterial pangenome

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mLife 2024年第2期3卷 277-290页

作者： Pan Zhang Biliang Zhang Yuan-Yuan Ji Jian Jiao Ziding Zhang Chang-Fu Tian State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology and Rhizobium Research CenterChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina State Key Laboratory of livestock and Poultry Biotechnology Breeding and College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

Most in silico evolutionary studies commonly assumed that core genes are essential for cellular function,while accessory genes are dispensable,particularly in nutrient-rich ***,this assumption is seldom tested genetically within the pangenome *** this study,we conducted a robust pangenomic Tn-seq analysis of fitness genes in a nutrient-rich medium for Sinorhizobium strains with a canonical open *** evaluate the robustness of fitness category assignment,Tn-seq data for three independent mutant libraries per strain were analyzed by three methods,which indicates that the Hidden Markov Model(HMM)-based method is most robust to variations between mutant libraries and not sensitive to data size,outperforming the Bayesian and Monte Carlo simulation-based ***,the HMM method was used to classify the fitness *** genes,categorized as essential(ES),advantage(GA),and disadvantage(GD)genes for growth,are enriched in core genes,while nonessential genes(NE)are over-represented in accessory *** ES/GA genes showed a lower fitness effect than core ES/GA *** degrees in the cofitness network decrease in the order of ES,GD,and GA/*** addition to accessory genes,1599 out of 3284 core genes display differential essentiality across test *** the pangenome core,both shared quasi-essential(ES and GA)and strain-dependent fitness genes are enriched in similar functional *** analysis demonstrates a considerable fuzzy essential zone determined by cofitness connectivity degrees in Sinorhizobium pangenome and highlights the power of the cofitness network in understanding the genetic basis of ever-increasing prokaryotic pangenome data.

关键词： cofitnessnetwork pangenome Tn-seq

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Dihydroartemisinin regulates the immune system by promotion of CD8^+T lymphocytes and suppression of B cell responses

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第5期63卷 737-749页

作者： Ting Zhang Yiwei Zhang Ning Jiang Xu Zhao Xiaoyu Sang Na Yang Ying Feng Ran Chen Qijun Chen Key Laboratory of livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of ZoonosisShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China

Artemisia annua is an anti-fever herbal medicine first described in traditional Chinese medicine 1,000 years ***,the extract of ***,and its derivatives(dihydroartemisinin(DHA),artemether,and artesunate)have been used for the treatment of malaria with substantial ***,DHA has also been tested for the treatment of lupus erythematosus,indicating that it may function to balance the immune response in immunocompromised *** the present study,the regulatory effect of artemisinin on the murine immune system was systematically investigated in mice infected with two different protozoan parasites(Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium berghei).Our results revealed that the mouse spleen index significantly increased(spleen enlargement)in the healthy mice after DHA administration primarily due to the generation of an extra number of lymphocytes and CD8^+T lymphocytes in both the spleen and *** could increase the proportion of T helper cells and CD8^+T cells,as well as decrease the number of splenic and circulatory B ***,DHA could reduce the production of proinflammatory *** study revealed that apart from their anti-parasitic activity,artemisinin and its derivatives can also actively modulate the immune system to directly benefit the host.

关键词： artemisinin immune cells cytokine immunomodulation Toxoplasma gondii Plasmodium berghei

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跨欧亚大陆交流的响应——新石器至青铜时代中国北方农业区、牧业区和农牧交错带生业模式演变过程及影响因素

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第4期34卷 681-698页

作者：董广辉梁欢芦永秀王佳 Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Zhaotong University Zhaotong 657000YunnanChina

Significant spatiotemporal variation in human livelihood patterns and its relationship to trans-Eurasian exchange and climate change in north China during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age, has been intensively studied in recent years, but the comprehensive influence of natural and social factors on this variation is not well understood. Therefore, we analyze archaeobotanical, zooarchaeological and carbon isotopic data from late Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in agricultural, pastoral, and agro-pastoral regions of north China. Our results demonstrate human subsistence strategies transformed at different speeds in these three geographic areas after wheat, barley, and sheep, goats, and cattle were introduced into north China. Introduced crops and livestock dominated human livelihoods in pastoral regions and became important subsistence in areas above ~1500 m a.s.l. in agro-pastoral regions after ~3600 BP. In agricultural regions, indigenous millet crops were the most important subsistence throughout 6000– 2200 BP, but wheat use increased significantly around 2700 BP. Our study suggests that the introduction of new crops and herbivorous livestock related to the prehistoric trans-Eurasian exchange, and their adaptive advantage in high-cold environments might have rapidly facilitated human adaptability and social development in pastoral regions and northwest margin of agro-pastoral regions during the Bronze Age.

关键词： subsistence strategy 6th–3rd Millennium BP north China human-land relation long-distance exchange

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Excessive manure application stimulates nitrogen cycling but only weakly promotes crop yields in an acidic Ultisol:Results from a 20-year field experiment

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2434-2445页

作者： Song Wan Yongxin Lin Hangwei Hu Milin Deng Jianbo Fan Jizheng He Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of ministry of Education School of Geographical Sciences/School of Carbon Neutrality Future TechnologyFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of ScienceThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria 3010Australia State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Population growth and growing demand for livestock products produce large amounts of manure,which can be harnessed to maintain soil sustainability and crop ***,the impacts of excessive manure application on crop yields,nitrogen(N)-cycling processes and microorganisms remain ***,we explored the effects of 20-year of excessive rates(18 and 27 Mg ha^(–1)yr^(–1))of pig manure application on peanut crop yields,soil nutrient contents,N-cycling processes and the abundance of N-cycling microorganisms in an acidic Ultisol in summer and winter,compared with none and a regular rate(9 Mg ha^(–1)yr^(–1))of pig manure ***-term excessive pig manure application,especially at the high-rate,significantly increased soil nutrient contents,the abundance of N-cycling functional genes,potential nitrification and denitrification activity,while it had a weaker effect on peanut yield and plant *** with manure application,seasonality had a much weaker effect on N-cycling gene *** forest analysis showed that available phosphorus(AP)content was the primary predictor for N-cycling gene abundance,with significant and positive associations with all tested N-cycling *** study clearly illustrated that excessive manure application would increase N-cycling gene abundance and potential N loss with relatively weak promotion of crop yields,providing significant implications for sustainable agriculture in the acidic Ultisols.

关键词： denitrification manure amendment nitrification N-cycling functional genes peanut yields

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Leucine regulates lipid metabolism in adipose tissue through adipokine-mTOR-SIRT1 signaling pathway and bile acid—microbe axis in a finishing pig model

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 158-173页

作者： Yunju Yin Saiming Gong Mengmeng Han Jingzun Wang Hanjing Shi Xianji Jiang Liu Guo Yehui Duan Qiuping Guo Qinghua Chen Fengna Li Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionChangsha 410125China College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China College of Modern Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Life Science and Engineering Northwest Minzu UniversityLanzhou 730124China College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410128China

This study was conducted to explore the regulatory mechanism of leucine(Leu)on lipid metabolism of finishing ***-four Duroc×Landrace×Large cross pigs with an average body weight of68.33±0.97 kg were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups with 8 replicates per group(1 pig per replicate).The dietary treatments were as follows:control group(CON),0.25%Leu group and 0.50%Leu *** experimental period was 42 *** results showed as follows.(1)Compared with the CON,0.25%and 0.50%Leu increased(P<0.01)the average daily gain(ADG),while the average backfat thickness(ABT)and the ratio of feed intake to body weight gain(F:G ratio)were decreased(P<0.05).(2)In the 0.25%Leu group,the relative mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c(SREBP1c),recombinant fatty acid transport protein 1(FATP1),chemerin and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptorγ(PPARγ)were decreased but the level of fatty acid binding protein 4(FABP4)and fatty acid translocase(FAT/CD36)were increased in backfat *** the 0.25%Leu group,the protein levels of p-Rictor,p-Raptor,p-eIF4E-binding protein 1(p-4EBP1),p-silent mating type information regulator 2homolog 1(p-SIRT1)and acetylation ribosome s6 protein kinase 1(Ac—S6K1)were increased(P<0.05).(3)Compared to the CON,the diversity of gut microbiota in the 0.25%Leu group was *** component analysis showed that the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio was higher in the 0.25%Leu group than the CON,but the relative abundance of Firmicutes,Treponema and Shigella was lower than in the CON(P<0.05).(4)Four different metabolites were screened out from the serum of finishing pigs including allolithocholic acid(alloLCA),isolithocholic acid(isoLCA),ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)and hyodeoxycholic acid(HDCA),which correlate to various degrees with the above *** conclusion,Leu could promote adipose tissue lipolysis of finishing pigs through the mTOR-SIRT1 signaling pathway,a

关键词： Leu Lipid metabolism Gut microbiota Bile acid

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Heart Failure-Like Reaction Is Likely Involved in the Feeding Behaviour of Blood-Sucking Leeches

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 52-69页

作者： Li Yang Jiao Shu Xiao Wang Wei Yu Debin Wang Zichao Liu Bin Wang College of Pharmacy Dali University Dali China ERC of Novel livestock & Poultry Vaccine & Crucial Industrial Tech of Yunnan DOE Kunming University Kunming China Department of Pharmacy 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force PLA Kunming China

Medicinal leeches have been utilized in therapy for thousands of years. However, the adaptation physiology between leeches and hosts is not fully understand. To disclose the molecular mechanisms of adaptation between leech and host, the body transcriptomes of hunger and fed blood-sucking Poecilobdella javanica, Haemadipsa cavatuses, and Hirudo nipponia leeches were obtained by RNA sequencing, after comparison, a stratified unigenes group was obtained, which closely correlated to body distension. In the group, Rfamide receptor decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while serotonin receptor increased significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, four KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, including cardiac muscle contraction, complement and coagulation cascades, renin-angiotensin system, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were significantly enriched. The unigenes annotation, neuroregulators correlation analysis and induced function of the KEGG pathways, were consistently supported the same result as: vasoconstriction and systole reaction enhance in hunger leeches and vice versa vasodilation and diastole increase in fed leeches, meanwhile, Interspecific comparison and correlative analyses of physiological function showed that the strongest reaction of induced heart failure from four KEGG occur in strongest reaction of systole in hungry P. javanica and in strongest reaction of diastole in fed H. nipponia. Overall, heart failure is likely a physiological function involved in feeding behaviour.

关键词： Blood-Sucking Leeches Transcriptomic Analysis Heart Failure Feeding Behaviour

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Mechanisms by which microbial enzymes degrade four mycotoxins and application in animal production:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 256-274页

作者： Huiying Sun Ziqi He Dongwei Xiong Miao Long Key Laboratory of livestock Infectious Diseases Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control(East)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang110866China

Mycotoxins are toxic compounds that pose a serious threat to animal health and food ***,there is an urgent need for safe and efficient methods of detoxifying *** biotechnology has continued to develop,methods involving biological enzymes have shown great *** enzymatic methods,which can fundamentally destroy the structures of mycotoxins and produce degradation products whose toxicity is greatly reduced,are generally more specific,efficient,and environmentally ***-degrading enzymes can thus facilitate the safe and effective detoxification of mycotoxins which gives them a huge advantage over other *** article summarizes the newly discovered degrading enzymes that can degrade four common mycotoxins(aflatoxins,zearalenone,deoxynivalenol,and ochratoxin A)in the past five years,and reveals the degradation mechanism of degrading enzymes on four mycotoxins,as well as their positive effects on animal *** review will provide a theoretical basis for the safe treatment of mycotoxins by using biological enzyme technology.

关键词： Mechanism Microbial enzyme Degradation Mycotoxin

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Role of dietary amino acids and microbial metabolites in the regulation of pig intestinal health

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 1-6页

作者： Yong Ma Xuebing Han Jun Fang Hongmei Jiang College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hunan Agricultural UniversityHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and PoultryChangsha410128China

With the rapid development of sequencing technology,research on pigs has focused on intestinal *** evidence suggests that the metabolites of intestinal microbes are the key medium for interactions between microbes and the *** acid metabolism is involved in the growth and immune processes of *** gut microbes of pigs are heavily involved in the metabolism of amino acids in their ***,we review the latest relevant *** findings show that microbial metabolites,such as indoles,short-chain fatty acids,and ammonia,play a key role in gut ***,we summarize the effects of amino acids on the structure of the gut microbial community and the metabolism of amino acids by pig gut *** shows that microbial amino acid metabolites act as signal molecules in the intestine and play an important role in the intestinal health of pigs.

关键词： Pig Amino acid Intestinal microbe Metabolite

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