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Resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators:A case study with multi-walled carbon nanotube

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 664-675页

作者： Shagufta YASMEEN Nintu MANDAL Anupam DAS Pritam GANGULY Sanjay KUMAR Rajiv RAKSHIT department of soil science and agricultural Chemistry Bihar Agricultural UniversitySabourBhagalpur 813210(India) department of Agronomy Bihar Agricultural UniversitySabourBhagalpur 813210(India)

soil ecosystem is experiencing stresses due to climate change,and soil inhabitants try to demonstrate their inherent resistance and resilience against those *** of nanomaterials as agricultural inputs could bring shifts in resistance and resilience patterns of soil microbes and associated enzymes,especially under short-term heat *** this background,the impacts of multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)on the resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators were *** incubation experiment was conducted with varied MWCNT concentrations(0,50,100,250,and 500 mg kg-1soil)for 90 d after 24-h heat stress at 48±2?C to assess the impacts of MWCNT on soil enzyme activities and microbial populations vis-à-vis their resistance and resilience indices under short-term exposure to heat *** activities were reduced after exposure to heat *** indices of enzyme activities were enhanced by MWCNT application on day 1 after heat stress,whereas there was no recovery of enzyme activities after 90-d *** soil enzyme activities,resistance index values of soil microbial populations followed the similar trend and were improved by MWCNT ***-walled carbon nanotube has the potential to improve resistance indices of soil enzyme activities and microbial populations under heat stress,although they could not recover to their original state during periodical incubation after heat *** study helps to understand the relative changes of biological indicators under MWCNT and their ability to withstand heat stress.

关键词： enzyme activity heat stress microbial population nanomaterial recovery

Promotion effects of salt-alkali on ammonia volatilization in a coastal soil

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 191-199页

作者： Zhenqi SHI Dongli SHE Yongchun PAN Yongqiu XIA College of agricultural science and engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Jiangsu Province engineering Research Center for agricultural soil-Water Efficient Utilization Carbon Sequestration and Emission ReductionNanjing 210098China Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Coastal ecosystems are highly susceptible to salt-related problems due to their formation process and geographical location. As such ecosystems are the most accessible land resources on Earth, clarifying and quantifying the effects of salt-alkali conditions on N concentration and ammonia(NH_(3)) volatilization are pivotal for promoting coastal agricultural productivity. The challenge in establishing this effect is to determine how salt-alkali conditions impact NH_(3) volatilization through direct or indirect interactions. An incubation experiment using a coastal soil from a paddy farmland, combined with the structural equation modeling(SEM) method, was conducted to reveal the net effects of salt-alkali on NH_(3) volatilization and the role of environmental and microbial factors in mutual interaction networks. The specific experimental design consisted of four salt treatments(S1, S2, S3, and S4: 1‰, 3‰, 8‰, and 15‰ NaCl by mass of soil, respectively), four alkaline treatments(A1, A2, A3, and A4: 0.5‰, 1‰, 3‰, and 8‰ NaHCO_(3)by mass of soil, respectively) and a control without NaCl or NaHCO_(3) addition(CK), and each treatment had three urea concentrations(N1, N2, and N3: 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 g N kg^(-1) soil,respectively) and three replicates. At the N1, N2, and N3 levels, NH_(3)volatilization increased by 9.31%–34.98%, 3.07%–26.92%, and 2.99%–43.61% as the NaCl concentration increased from 1‰ to 15‰, respectively, compared with CK. With an increase in the NaHCO_(3)concentration from 0.5‰ to 8‰, NH_(3) volatilization increased by 8.36%–56.46%, 5.49%–30.10%, and 30.72%–73.18% at the N1, N2, and N3 levels, respectively, compared with CK. According to the SEM method, salinity and alkalinity had positive direct effects on NH_(3)volatilization, with standardized path coefficients of 0.40 and 0.19, *** the total effects(net positive and negative effects) in the SEM results, alkalinity had a greater influence than salinity(total standardized coefficien

关键词： alkalinity coastal ecosystem NH_(3)emission N-transforming microbe salinity structural equation modeling

Annual growth of Fagus orientalis is limited by spring drought conditions in Iran’s Golestan Province

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 128-142页

作者： Khalil Ghorbani Jahangir Mohammadi Laleh Rezaei Ghaleh department of Water engineering Faculty of Water and Soil EngineeringGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran department of Forestry Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran department of Water engineering Faculty of AgricultureUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran

Due to the lack of a uniform and accurate defi-nition of‘drought’,several indicators have been introduced based on different variables and methods,and the efficiency of each of these is determined according to their relationship with *** relationship between two drought indices,SPI(standardized precipitation index)and SPEI(standard-ized precipitation-evapotranspiration index)in different sea-sons was investigated using annual rings of 15 tree samples to determine the effect of drought on the growth of oriental beech(Fagus orientalis Lipsky)in the Hyrcanian forests of northern *** different evapotranspiration calcula-tion methods were evaluated on SPEI efficiency based on Hargreaves-Samani,Thornthwaite,and Penman-Monteith methods using the step-by-step M5 decision tree regression *** results show that SPEI based on the Penman-Monteith in a three-month time scale(spring)had similar temporal changes and a better relationship with annual tree rings(R^(2)=0.81)at a 0.05 significant *** change and a decreasing trend in the time series of annual tree rings are similar to the variation in the SPEI based on the Penman-Monteith *** affecting evapotranspiration,temperature,wind speed,and sunshine hours(used in the Penman-Monteith method),increased but precipitation *** non-linear modeling methods,SPEI based on Penman-Monteith best illustrated climate changes affecting tree growth.

关键词： Climate change Drought index Hyrcanian forests SPEI'Annual growth rings Fagus orientalis

Biochar regulates biogeochemical cycling of iron and chromium in a soil-rice system by stimulating Geobacter and Clostridium

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 929-940页

作者： Min XU Yang LIN Jing MA Lulu LONG Chao CHEN Gang YANG Chun SONG Jun WU Xiaohong ZHANG Peng GAO College of Environmental science Sichuan Agricultural University soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department University of Florida College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower engineering Sichuan Agricultural University department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health

In soil-rice systems,microbial reduction of iron （Fe） has been recognized as a crucial biogeochemical process that regulates Fe and chromium （Cr）translocation;however,the underlying processes are *** investigate the impacts of biochar on the biochemical cycling of Fe and Cr and their toxicity to rice,maize straw biochar was applied at 1%（weight/weight） to a paddy soil spiked with 300 mg kg-1Cr under two phosphorus （P） levels (0 or 90 mg kg-1) in a pot *** key microbial groups affecting Fe dissimilatory reduction and their environmental drivers were *** inhibited root Cr uptake by 36%,owing to the promoted iron plaque （IP） formation on the rice root *** analysis showed that Fe concentration in pore water was strongly linked to the abundances of Geobacter （r=0.81–0.94,P<0.05） and Clostridium （r=0.83–0.95,P<0.05）,indicating that Geobacter and Clostridium played essential roles in Fe *** analysis showed that labile carbon and pore water P concentrations were the key determinants influencing Fe-reducing bacterial abundances,accounting for 42%and 32%of the variation in community composition,***,biochar increased Fe and P concentrations in root cell walls,which retained more ***,Cr stress in rice under biochar treatment was relieved through increasing IP formation and altering subcellular *** mechanistic insights had important implications for reducing Cr uptake by rice.

关键词： chromium translocation iron plaque iron reduction maize straw biochar microbial reduction paddy soil phosphorus fertilization subcellular distribution

Enhanced remediation of chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil by immobilized strain Bacillus H27

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第10期144卷 172-184页

作者： Changrui Liu Shengfang Wen Shuhan Li Yu Tian Lanjun Wang Lusheng Zhu Jun Wang Young Mo Kim Jinhua Wang National engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of soil and Fertilizer Resources Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of ShandongCollege of Resources and EnvironmentShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018China department of Civil and Environmental engineering Hanyang UniversitySeongdong-guSeoul 04763Korea

Chlorpyrifos is a pesticide widely used in agricultural production with a relatively long residual half-life in *** the problem of residual chlorpyrifos is of universal *** this study,rice hull biochar was used as an immobilized carrier to prepare the immobilized strain H27 for the remediation of chlorpyrifos-contamination *** microorganisms after remediation were investigated by ecotoxicological *** immobilized strain H27 had the highest removal rate of chlorpyrifos when 10%bacterial solution was added to the liquid medium containing 0.075-0.109 mm diameter biochar cultured for 22 *** study on the removal of chlorpyrifos by immobilized strain H27 showed that the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos in solution was 25mg/L,and the removal rate reached 97.4%after 7 days of *** the soil,the removal rate of the immobilized bacteria group increased throughout the experiment,which was significantly higher than that of the free bacteria and biochar treatment *** Biolog-ECO test,T-RFLP and RT-RCR were used to study the effects of the soil microbial community and nitrogen cycling functional genes during chlorpyrifos *** was found that ICP group had the highest diversity index among the four treatment *** microflora of segment containing 114 bp was the dominant bacterial community,and the dominant microflora of the immobilized bacteria group was more evenly *** influence of each treatment group on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)was greater than on ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA).This study offers a sound scientific basis for the practical application of immobilized bacteria to reduce residual soil pesticides.

关键词： Chlorpyrifos Immobilized microorganisms soil remediation soil microorganism

DMPP mitigates N_(2)O and NO productions by inhibiting ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in an intensified vegetable field under different temperature and moisture regimes

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 652-663页

作者： Xi ZHANG Xintong XU Chenyuan WANG Qianqian ZHANG Yubing DONG Zhengqin XIONG Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095(China) department of soil science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil ScienceGeorg-August University of GottingenGottingen 37077(Germany) State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300(China) Huaiyin Institute of agricultural sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesHuai’an 223001(China)

Vegetable soils with high nitrogen input are major sources of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)and nitric oxide(NO),and incorporation of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP)into soils has been documented to effectively reduce ***,the efficiency of DMPP in terms of soil N_(2)O and NO mitigations varies greatly depending on soil temperature and moisture ***,further evaluations of DMPP efficiency in diverse environments are required to encourage widespread application.A laboratory incubation study(28 d)was established to investigate the interactive effects of DMPP,temperature(15,25,and 35?C),and soil moisture(55% and 80% of water-holding capacity(WHC))on net nitrification rate,N_(2)O and NO productions,and gene abundances of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in an intensive vegetable *** showed that incubating soil with 1%DMPP led to partial inhibition of the net nitrification rate and N_(2)O and NO productions,and the reduction percentage of N_(2)O production was higher than that of NO production(69.3%vs.38.2%)regardless of temperature and soil moisture *** increased temperatures promoted the net nitrification rate but decreased soil N_(2)O and NO *** moisture influenced NO production more than N_(2)O production,decreasing with the increased moisture level(80%).The inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N_(2)O and NO productions decreased with increased temperatures at 55%***,the inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N_(2)O production increased with increased temperatures at 80%*** on the correlation analyses and automatic linear modeling,the mitigation of both N_(2)O and NO productions from the soil induced by DMPP was attributed to the decreases in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)amoA gene abundance and NO_(2)^(-)-N ***,our study indicated that DMPP reduced both N_(2)O and NO productions by regulating the associated AOB amoA gene abundance and NO_(2)^(-)-N concentra

关键词： 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate environment condition gene abundance nitrification inhibitor nitrite accumulation soil water content

Fe3O4/Fe/FeS Tri-Heterojunction Node Spawning N-Carbon Nanotube Scaffold Structure for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Battery

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 143-152页

作者： Yuan Liu Qing Lin Xiaocui Chen Xufeng Meng Baoxiu Hou Haiyan Liu Shuaihua Zhang Ningzhao Shang Zheng Wang Chaoyue Zhang Jianjun Song Xiaoxian Zhao department of Chemistry College of Science Hebei Agricultural University College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Qingdao University College of Physics Qingdao University

The Fe-based anode of sodium-ion batteries attracts much attention due to the abundant source,low-cost,and high specific ***,the low electron and ion transfer rate,poor structural stability,and shuttle effect of NaS2intermediate restrain its further ***,the Fe3O4/Fe/FeS tri-heterojunction node spawned N-carbon nanotube scaffold structure（FHNCS） was designed using the modified MIL-88B（Fe） as a template followed by catalytic growth and sulfidation process.

关键词： anode core-shell heterojunction hollow structure sodium ion batteries

Co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.)and chemical fertilizers alters microbial functional genes supporting short-time scale positive nitrogen priming effects in paddy soils

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 567-576页

作者： Limin WANG Chunmei HE Dongfeng HUANG Juhua YU Cailing LIU Qinghua LI Yibin HUANG Juan LI Fei WANG Institute of Resources Environment and Soil FertilizerSoil and Fertilizer InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhou 350012(China) School of Resources and Environment engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601(China)

Nitrogen(N)priming is a microbially mediated biochemical process as affected by different incorporation ***,little information is known about the microbial mechanisms driving the response of N priming to co-operation of Chinese milk vetch(CMV,Astragalus sinicus L.)and different rates of chemical fertilizers in paddy soils in South ***,an anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted to study N priming effects(PE)and their relationships with soil microbial functional genes after CMV incorporation alone(M),co-incorporation of CMV with 100%(normal dosage)chemical fertilizers(MC100),and co-incorporation of CMV with 80% chemical fertilizers(MC80).Co-incorporation of CMV and chemical fertilizers enhanced the short-time scale(the first 20 d of incubation)positive PE of N,while no significant differences existed among the three treatments on day 60 or 90 of incubation(P>0.05).Compared with the M treatment,gross priming effect(GPE)in the MC100 and MC80 treatments significantly increased by 34.0% and 31.3%,respectively,and net priming effect(NPE)increased by 47.7% and 47.8%,respectively,during the first 20 d of incubation(Psoil nutrient availability and added substrate *** MC100 and MC80 treatments increased the gdhA gene abundance by 5.0% and 9.8%,increased the gdh2 gene abundance by 12.7% and 45.7%,and increased the nasB gene abundance by 9.5% and 41.4%,respectively,in comparison with the M treatment on day 20 of *** analyses indicated that soil microbial functional genes involved in N mineralization(gdhA and gdh2),assimilatory nitrate reduction(nasB),and nitrification(amoB)were significantly correlated with N priming under different incorporation practices during the incubation period(Psoil microbial community functional gene structure,which may accelerate mineralization and assimilatory nitrate reduction and inhibit

关键词： green manure gross priming effect incorporation practice microbial mechanism net priming effect rice field soil

Origin of tradeoff between movement velocity and attachment duration of kinesin motor on a microtubule

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 557-566页

作者：刘玉颖张志强 department of Physics College of ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Basic Ministry Space Engineering UniversityBeijing 101416China

Kinesin-1 motor protein is a homodimer containing two identical motor domains connected by a common long coiledcoil stalk via two flexible neck linkers. The motor can step on a microtubule with a velocity of about 1 μm·s-1and an attachment duration of about 1 s under physiological conditions. The available experimental data indicate a tradeoff between velocity and attachment duration under various experimental conditions, such as variation of the solution temperature,variation of the strain between the two motor domains, and so on. However, the underlying mechanism of the tradeoff is unknown. Here, the mechanism is explained by a theoretical study of the dynamics of the motor under various experimental conditions, reproducing quantitatively the available experimental data and providing additional predictions. How the various experimental conditions lead to different decreasing rates of attachment duration versus velocity is also explained.

关键词： motor protein velocity detachment time processivity