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Targeting Microglia with Adeno-associated Viruses

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第5期39卷 863-865页

作者： Jing Sun Yufei Zheng Ji Hu school of life science and technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China

Microglia,the innate immune cells of the central nervous system(CNS),account for~10%of the total population in the CNS.They are one of the key regulators of the CNS under normal and pathological conditions,coordinating immune responses,and dynamically shaping neural circuits[1].Human genetic studies have found that most risk genes for neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease,are specifically and strongly expressed in microglia[2].Given the vital role microglia play in the development of neurodegeneration,effective measures to label and manipulate them have become critical for the research community.

关键词： diseases Alzheimer immune

Recent advances in structural studies of the CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing tools

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National science Review 2019年第3期6卷 438-451页

作者： Yuwei Zhu Zhiwei Huang HIT Center for life sciences School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR) and accompanying CRISPR-associated(Cas) proteins provide RNA-guided adaptive immunity for prokaryotes to defend themselves against viruses. The CRISPR-Cas systems have attracted much attention in recent years for their power in aiding the development of genome editing tools. Based on the composition of the CRISPR RNA-effector complex, the CRISPR-Cas systems can be divided into two classes and six types. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the structural biology of the CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing tools, which helps us to understand the mechanism of how the guide RNAs assemble with diverse Cas proteins to cleave target nucleic acids.

关键词： CRISPR-Cas system adaptive immune viral infection genome editing

Efficacy of chitosan and sodium alginate scaffolds for repair of spinal cord injury in rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 502-509页

作者： Zi-ang Yao Feng-jia Chen Hong-li Cui Tong Lin Na Guo Hai-ge Wu school of life science and technology Dalian University

Spinal cord injury results in the loss of motor and sensory pathways and spontaneous regeneration of adult mammalian spinal cord neurons is limited. Chitosan and sodium alginate have good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and are suitable to assist the recovery of damaged tissues, such as skin, bone and nerve. Chitosan scaffolds, sodium alginate scaffolds and chitosan-sodium alginate scaffolds were separately transplanted into rats with spinal cord hemisection. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale scores and electrophysiological results showed that chitosan scaffolds promoted recovery of locomotor capacity and nerve transduction of the experimental rats.Sixty days after surgery, chitosan scaffolds retained the original shape of the spinal cord. Compared with sodium alginate scaffolds- and chitosan-sodium alginate scaffolds-transplanted rats, more neurofilament-H-immunoreactive cells （regenerating nerve fibers） and less glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive cells （astrocytic scar tissue） were observed at the injury site of experimental rats in chitosan scaffold-transplanted rats. Due to the fast degradation rate of sodium alginate, sodium alginate scaffolds and composite material scaffolds did not have a supporting and bridging effect on the damaged tissue. Above all, compared with sodium alginate and composite material scaffolds, chitosan had better biocompatibility, could promote the regeneration of nerve fibers and prevent the formation of scar tissue,and as such, is more suitable to help the repair of spinal cord injury.

关键词： nerve regeneration spinal cord injury chitosan sodium alginate functional recovery scaffold neurofilament-H glial fibrillary acidic protein scar tissue locomotor capacity neural regeneration

Bimetallic Pt–Ru covalently bonded on carbon nanotubes for efficient methanol oxidation

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第9期30卷 1816-1823页

作者： Ting Zhang Wanzong Wang Zheng Ma Lei Bai Yue Yao Dongqing Xu school of Chemistry and Material Engineering Anhui Science and Technology UniversityFengyang 233100China school of life and Health science Anhui Science and Technology UniversityFengyang 233100China

Platinum-based nanocomposites have been considered as one of the most promising catalysts for methanol oxidation reactions(MORs), which yet still suffer from low electrochemical activity and electron-transfer properties. Apart from van-der-Waals heterostructures,herein, we report a novel nanocomposite with the structure of Pt–Ru bimetallic nanoparticles covalently-bonded onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)(Pt–Ru@MWCNT), which have been successfully fabricated via a facile and green synthesis method. It is demonstrated that the Pt–Ru@MWCNT nanocomposite possesses much enhanced electrocatalytic activity with the electrochemical active surface area(ECSA) of 110.4 m^(2)·g^(-1)for Pt towards MOR, which is 2.67 and 4.0 times higher than those of 20wt%commercial Pt@C and Pt-based nanocomposite prepared by other method, due to the improved electron-transfer properties originated from M–O–C covalent bonds. This work provides us a new strategy for the structural design of highly-efficient electrocatalysts in boosting MOR performance.

关键词： bimetallic Pt-Ru nanocomposite high loaded functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes methanol oxidation green hydrothermal synthesis

Claw-shaped flexible and low-impedance conductive polymer electrodes for EEG recordings: Anemone dry electrode

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science China(Technological sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 255-266页

作者： SHI ZhongYan JIANG Bo LIANG ShiChao ZHANG JiangTao SUO DingJie WU JingLong CHEN DuanDuan PEI GuangYing YAN TianYi school of life science Bejing Institute of TechnologyBejing 100081China school of Medical technology Beijing Institute of technology Bejing 100081China

Electroencephalogram(EEG) signals provide important brain information in healthcare settings. Wet electrodes have several limitations, including their time-consuming preparation and no long-term acquisition, and dry electrodes have become a promising candidate. However, dry electrodes face several challenges related to signal quality, comfort, conductivity and cost.This study aims to develop and evaluate a novel dry electrode for EEG recordings. The electrode material properties are characterized by electrochemical, mechanical force, and skin measurements. The electrode performance is evaluated by comparing the impedance, signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), and EEG signal features of the proposed electrode with those of a wet electrode and two commercial dry electrodes. The dry electrode design is based on the biological structure of the sea anemone and demonstrates an improved scalp fit and reduced signal noise and motion artifacts. The electrode materials include advanced conducting polymers combined with thermoplastic elastomers(TPEs) and carbon nanotubes(CNTs), which exhibit good electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and safety. A low-cost injection molding fabrication method is proposed. The dry electrodes show a scalp contact impedance of 7 kΩ at 20 Hz, which is lower than that of wet and commercial dry electrodes.Resting-state EEG and event-related potential signals collected by the anemone dry electrode achieved more than 90% similarity with signals acquired by wet electrodes. Thus, a low-cost, comfortable anemone dry electrode that exhibits excellent EEG recording performance is presented. The anemone dry electrode represents an important technological advance in material and structural design for EEG recording sensors.

关键词： dry electrodes electroencephalogram(EEG) ultra-conductive polymer scalp simulation flexible and low-impedance

Task Planning and Collaboration of Jellyfish-inspired Multiple Spherical Underwater Robots

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第3期19卷 643-656页

作者： Ruochen An Shuxiang Guo Yuanhua Yu Chunying Li Tendeng Awa Graduate school of Engineering Kagawa UniversityTakamatsuKagawa761-0396Japan Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare technology The Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologySchool of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China school of life science and technology Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun130022China

Task planning and collaboration of multiple robots have broad application prospects and value in the field of robotics.To improve the performance and working efficiency of our Spherical Underwater Robot(SUR),we propose a multi-robot control strategy that can realize the task planning and collaboration of multiple robots.To complete real-time information sharing of multiple robots,we first build an acoustic communication system with excellent communication performance under low noise ratio conditions.Then,the task planning and collaboration control strategy adjust the SURs so that they maintain their positions in the desired formation when the formation moves.Multiple SURs can move along desired trajectories in the expected formation.The control strategy of each SUR uses only its information and limited information of its neighboring SURs.Finally,based on theoretical analysis and experiments,we evaluate the validity and reliability of the proposed strategy.In comparison to the traditional leader–follower method,it is not necessary to designate a leader and its followers explicitly in our system;thus,important advantages,such as fault tolerance,are achieved.

关键词： Task planning Collaboration control Multiple spherical underwater robots(SUR) Shape keeping

Demethylenetetrahydroberberine protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2022年第2期20卷 111-119页

作者： WEN Jing ZHANG Yuan-Qiang LIU Dong-Qing YAO Xu-Tao JIANG Hua ZHANG Yu-Bin Department of Biochemistry School of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198China

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a multifactorial disorder of the nervous system where a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons exist.However,the pathogenesis of PD remains undefined,which becomes the main limitation for the development of clinical PD treatment.Demethylenetetrahydroberberine(DMTHB)is a novel derivative of natural product berberine.This study was aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects and pharmacological mechanism of DMTHB on Parkinson’s disease using C57BL/6 mice.A PD model of mice was induced by administration of MPTP(20 mg·kg^(-1))and probenecid(200 mg·kg^(-1))twice per week for five weeks.The mice were administered with DMTHB daily by gavage at the dose of 5 and 50 mg·kg^(-1)for one-week prophylactic treatment and five-week theraputic treatment.The therapeutic effects of DMTHB were evaluated by behavior tests(the open field,rotarod and pole tests),immunohistochemical staining of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),Nissl staining and biochemical assays.The molecular mechanisms of DMTHB on the key biomarkers of PD pathological states were analyzed by Western blot(WB)and qRT-PCR.DMTHB treatment alleviated the behavioral disorder induced by MPTP-probenecid.Nissl staining and TH staining showed that the damage of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra was remarkably suppressed by DMTHB treatment.Western blot results showed that the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and TH increased,but the level ofα-synuclein(α-syn)was remarkably reduced,which indicated that the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in mice was significantly reduced.The protein phosphorylation of p-PI3K,p-AKT and p-mTOR also increased about 2-fold,compared with the model group.Furthermore,qRT-PCR results demonstrated that the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,IL-1βand TNF-α,were reduced,but the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased after DMTHB treatment.Finally,the cellular assay displayed that DMTHB was also a strong antioxidant to protect neuron cell line PC12 by scavenging ROS.In this study,we demonstrated DMTHB alleviates the be

关键词： Demethylenetetrahydroberberine Parkinson's disease Dopaminergic neurons Apoptosis Neuroinflammation

A Shared Neural Node for Multiple Innate Behaviors in Drosophila

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第6期34卷 1103-1104页

作者： Margaret S.Ho school of life science and technology ShanghaiTech University

The nervous system orchestrates diverse behaviors such as reproduction, sleep, feeding, and aggression, and selects a single behavior for execution at any given time. This requires neural mechanisms for behavioral selection sensitive to both internal physiological states and external environmental conditions. For example, hungry animals

关键词： In A Shared Neural Node for Multiple Innate Behaviors in Drosophila

OsABT,a Rice WD40 Domain-Containing Protein,Is Involved in Abiotic Stress Tolerance

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Rice science 2022年第3期29卷 247-256页

作者： CHEN Eryong SHEN Bo College of life and Environmental sciences Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China life school of science and technology Henan Institute of Science and TechnologyXinxiang 453003China

Plant growth and crop productivity are severely affected by abiotic stress on a global scale.WD40 repeat-containing proteins play a significant role in the development and environmental adaptation of eukaryotes.In this study,OsABT,a stress response gene,was cloned from rice(Oryza sativa L.cv.Nipponbare).OsABT encodes a protein containing seven WD40 domains.Expression analysis revealed that the OsABT gene was first up-regulated and then down-regulated following treatment with abscisic acid(ABA)and NaCl,but was down-regulated when treated with PEG8000.Subcellular localization results showed that OsABT was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of Arabidopsis roots.OsABT transgenic Arabidopsis showed significantly increased tolerance to ABA and salt stress during plant seedling development.However,the transgenic lines were more sensitive to drought stress.Moreover,OsABT can interact with OsABI2,a component of ABA signaling pathway.These results showed that OsABT plays a positive regulatory role in response to salt stress and a negative role in response to drought stress in Arabidopsis.

关键词： abscisic acid Arabidopsis drought stress rice salt stress WD40 domain-containing protein