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生物多样性的价值

世界环境 1992年第4期 42-47页

作者： Paul R.Ehrlich Anne H.Ehrlich 傅怀清 professor of population studies and professor of biological sciences at stanford university Stanford CA 94305 USA. a senior Research Associate in biological sciences at stanford university USA.

1.介绍如何衡量环境产品的价值是生态学家和经济学家们目前面临的一个问题,对环境产品的毁坏(与人类企业规模永无止境的增长有关)造成了巨大的外在影响。这种环境产品之一的主要例子就是生物多样性——与人类共享地球的植物、动物和微... 详细信息

1.介绍如何衡量环境产品的价值是生态学家和经济学家们目前面临的一个问题,对环境产品的毁坏(与人类企业规模永无止境的增长有关)造成了巨大的外在影响。这种环境产品之一的主要例子就是生物多样性——与人类共享地球的植物、动物和微生物的不同数量和种类在遗传学上的多样性,以及由它们互相作用构成的生态系统的多样性。虽然,目前我们尚不清楚独立于人类的需求之外,生物多样性是否具有价值,但是经济学家和生态学家都承认生物多样性对人类具有价值。

关键词：生物多样性生态系统环境产品物种灭绝企业规模生命形式外在影响一个问题气候变化森林土壤

Factors Predicting Progression to Severe COVID-19: A Competing Risk Survival Analysis of 1753 Patients in Community Isolation in Wuhan, China

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Engineering 2022年第6期8卷 99-106页

作者： Simiao Chen Hui Sun Mei Heng Xunliang Tong Pascal Geldsetzer Zhuoran Wang Peixin Wu Juntao Yang Yu Hu Chen Wang Till Bärnighausen Chinese Academy of Medical sciences&Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730China Heidelberg Institute of Global Health(HIGH) Faculty of Medicine and University HospitalHeidelberg UniversityHeidelberg 69120Germany Institute of Hematology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Beijing HospitalBeijing 100730China National Center of Gerontology Institute of Geriatric MedicineBeijing 100730China Division of Primary Care and population Health Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing 100730China State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases Beijing 100029China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Center of Respiratory MedicineChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China

Most studies of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)progression have focused on the transfer of patients within secondary or tertiary care hospitals from regular wards to intensive care *** is known about the risk factors predicting the progression to severe COVID-19 among patients in community iso-lation,who are either asymptomatic or suffer from only mild to moderate *** a multivari-able competing risk survival analysis,we identify several important predictors of progression to severe COVID-19—rather than to recovery—among patients in the largest community isolation center in Wuhan,China from 6 February 2020(when the center opened)to 9 March 2020(when it closed).All patients in community isolation in Wuhan were either asymptomatic or suffered from mild to moderate COVID-19 *** performed competing risk survival analysis on time-to-event data from a cohort study of all COVID-19 patients(n=1753)in the isolation *** potential predictors we inves-tigated were the routine patient data collected upon admission to the isolation center:age,sex,respira-tory symptoms,gastrointestinal symptoms,general symptoms,and computed tomography(CT)scan *** main outcomes were time to severe COVID-19 or *** factors predicting progression to severe COVID-19 were:male sex(hazard ratio(HR)=1.29,95%confidence interval(CI)1.04–1.58,p=0.018),young and old age,dyspnea(HR=1.58,95%CI 1.24–2.01,p<0.001),and CT signs of ground-glass opacity(HR=1.39,95%CI 1.04–1.86,p=0.024)and infiltrating shadows(HR=1.84,95%CI 1.22–2.78,p=0.004).The risk of progression was found to be lower among patients with nausea or vomiting(HR=0.53,95%CI 0.30–0.96,p=0.036)and headaches(HR=0.54,95%CI 0.29–0.99,p=0.046).Our results suggest that several factors that can be easily measured even in resource-poor set-tings(dyspnea,sex,and age)can be used to identify mild COVID-19 patients who are at increased risk of disease *** for CT signs of ground-glass opacity and i

关键词： COVID-19 Asymptomatic and mild Community isolation Fangcang shelter hospital Competing risk survival analysis

Serum protein profile of yang-deficiency constitution in traditional Chinese medicine revealed by protein microarray analyses

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical sciences 2019年第1期6卷 67-74页

作者： Shuxian Sun Xiuping Zhang Jiayi Ma Cheng Ni Xiao Ying Ji Wang Lingru Li Wenlin Yuan Xujun Heng Jing Xia Center for studies in Constitution Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjing 300193China

Background:Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and preepidemiological investigation,professor Qi Wang classified the entire human population into nine constitutions and put forward the theory of 'Nine-Constitution Medicine.' Among these constitutions,the main feature of the yang-deficiency constitution (YADC) is intolerance of the cold,which has been proven to reduce quality of life and confer susceptibility to specific *** studies explored the genetic and transcriptional bases of *** this experiment,we explored the potential mechanism of YADC using protein microarray,to deepen our understanding of its biological ***:Subjects identified with a YADC (n =12) or a balance constitution (BC;n =12) in accordance with the Classification and Determination Standards of Constitutions in Traditional Chinese Medicine were *** was collected to separate serum and protein microarray technology was used to analyze serum protein ***:The clustering of subjects' constitutions based on protein expression profiling largely coincided with the TCM *** on false discovery rate correction (P <.01) and fold change ≥ 5 or ≤ 0.2,a total of 85 proteins differentially expressed in YADC compared with their status in BC were selected,including 64 upregulated and 21 downregulated *** analysis suggested that subjects with YADC are susceptible to endocrine and energy metabolism disorders,as well as decline in immune ***:This study revealed that YADC exhibits systematic differences in its protein expression ***,we can potentially explain the characteristics of YADC partly via differentially expressed proteins.

关键词： Yang-deficiency constitution Protein microarray PI3K-Akt Endocrine Energy metabolism

多种标志物在人群结核病分子流行病学研究中的应用

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2001年第2期 80-87页

作者： J.T.Rhee M.M.Tanaka M.A.Beh C.B.Agasino E.A.Paz P.C.Hopewell P.M.Small 吴雪琼 Division of Epidemiology Department of Health Research and Policy Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California Department of biological sciences Stanford University Stanford California Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Montreal General Hospital. Montreal Canada Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine. Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Department of Public Health Division of Tuberculosis Control City and county of San Francisco California Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center San Francisco California Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Medicine University of California at San Francisco San Francisco California USA

背景:目前世界正在开展很多结核病流行病学研究。对IS6110杂交带少于6条的菌株应用一个二级标志物指纹分析增强了菌株的追踪,但它对人群结论的影响尚未很好地研究。目的:对低拷贝结核分支杆菌菌株应用多态性富含GC重复序列(PGRS)进行... 详细信息

背景:目前世界正在开展很多结核病流行病学研究。对IS6110杂交带少于6条的菌株应用一个二级标志物指纹分析增强了菌株的追踪,但它对人群结论的影响尚未很好地研究。目的:对低拷贝结核分支杆菌菌株应用多态性富含GC重复序列(PGRS)进行二级基因分型。探讨其对以人群为研究背景的流行病学研究结论的影响。设计:对1991—1996年旧金山结核病例,通过单用IS6110及联合采用PGRS/IS6110定义菌株成簇,以便1)估计近期的传播;2)评价细菌群体参数在理论上对这些估计的影响;3)评价近期传播的危险因素。结果:对低拷贝菌株(所有菌株的20.3％)进行二级分型,使近期传播的估算值由29.1％下降到25.3％(P=0.03)。补充基因分型造成不同估算值的最主要的影响参数是低拷贝菌株的比例和成簇的数量。对于上述两种分析方法而言。导致近期传播的危险因素是一样的。结论:结核分支杆菌二级基因分型的统计和推论似乎取决于人群中低拷贝菌株的比例。该比例低时,或没有多少二级特型匹配时,补充基因分型在人群水平研究中的作用可能就很小。

关键词：结核病分子流行病学 IS6110 PGRS