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The biosynthetic pathway of the hallucinogen mescaline and its heterologous reconstruction

Molecular plant 2024年第7期17卷 1129-1150页

作者： Paula Berman Luis Alejandro de Haro Ana-Rita Cavaco Sayantan Panda Younghui Dong Nikolay Kuzmich Gabriel Lichtenstein Yoav Peleg Hila Harat Adam Jozwiaki Jianghua Cai Uwe Heinig Sagit Meir Ilana Rogachev Asaph Aharoni department of plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Life Sciences Core Facilities Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel The Maurice and Vivienne Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel present address:department of Cell and Metabolic biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120 Halle(Saale)Germany department of Molecular&Cellular Pharmacology University of Miami Miler School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136USA department of Botany and plant Sciences University of California RiversideRiversideCA 92521USA Laboratory of plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing School of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China

Mescaline,among the earliest identified natural hallucinogens,holds great potential in psychotherapy ***,despite the existence of a postulated biosynthetic pathway for more than half a century,the specific enzymes involved in this process are yet to be *** this study,we investigated the cactus Lophophora williamsii(Peyote),the largest known natural producer of the phenethylamine *** employed a multi-faceted approach,combining de novo whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing with comprehensive chemical profiling,enzymatic assays,molecular modeling,and pathway engineering for pathway *** identified four groups of enzymes responsible for the six catalytic steps in the mescaline biosynthetic pathway,and an N-methyltransferase enzyme that N-methylates all phenethylamine intermediates,likely modulating mescaline levels in ***,we reconstructed the mescaline biosynthetic pathway in both Nicotiana benthamiana plants and yeast cells,providing novel insights into several challenges hindering complete heterologous mescaline *** together,our study opens up avenues for exploration of sustainable production approaches and responsible utilization of mescaline,safeguarding this valuable natural resource for future generations.

关键词： mescaline Lophophora williamsi Peyote biosynthetic pathway de novo genome sequencing mo-lecular modeling

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Soil Carbon Pool as Influenced by Soil microbial Activity—An Overview

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第2期13卷 175-193页

作者： Goutham Thotakuri Srushtideep Angidi Akshara Athelly department of plant Soil and microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA department of plant Pathology North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA Agricultural and Biological Engineering department Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

Soil is a significant carbon reservoir with the capacity to store carbon twice as much as the atmosphere or plants. Given the significant potential of soil to capture and store atmospheric CO2, it presents a viable solution for mitigating the present and future impacts of climate change. However, due to its high susceptibility to global environmental issues like land degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change, monitoring and protecting soil carbon pools is a complex challenge. Intensive agricultural operations have detrimental effects on the soil, including the rapid breakdown of soil organic carbon, which releases excess carbon into the air, causing increased atmospheric CO2 levels and a depletion of the soil carbon reserves. The diversity and abundance of soil microbial communities play a crucial role in controlling essential ecosystem processes, including the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling, including carbon. Heterotrophic soil microorganisms facilitate the soil organic matter turnover to obtain the nutrients and energy required for their growth and maintenance. Therefore, the microbial residues and exudates have up to 80% carbon in the stable soil organic matter fractions. This overview attempts to summarize the information on various carbon pools, soil carbon interaction with microbes, impacts on environmental changes, and strategies to enhance the storage of belowground carbon.

关键词： Soil Carbon Microorganisms Decomposition Carbon Storage and Land-Use Management

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A potato late blight resistance gene protects against multiple Phytophthora species by recognizing a broadly conserved RXLR-WY effector

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Molecular plant 2022年第9期15卷 1457-1469页

作者： Xiao Lin Andrea Olave-Achury Robert Heal Marina Pais Kamil Witek Hee-Kyung Ahn He Zhao Shivani Bhanvadia Hari S.Karki Tianqiao Song Chih-hang Wu Hiroaki Adachi Sophien Kamoun Vivianne G.A.A.Vleeshouwers Jonathan D.G.Jones The Sainsbury Laboratory University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNR47UH NorwichUK Wageningen UR plant Breeding Wageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands present address:Institute of plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014P.R.China present address:Institute of plant and microbial biology Academia SinicaTaipei 11529 Taiwan present address:Laboratory of Crop Evolution Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityMozumeMukoKyoto 617-0001Japan present address:Lipman Family Farms 21106 Six Ls Farm RdEsteroFloridaUnited States

Species of the genus Phytophthora,the plant killer,cause disease and reduce yields in many crop *** many Resistance to Phytophthora infestans(Rpi)genes effective against potato late blight have been cloned,few have been cloned against other Phytophthora *** Rpi genes encode nucleotide-binding domain,leucine-rich repeat-containing(NLR)immune receptor proteins that recognize RXLR(Arg-X-Leu-Arg)***,whether NLR proteins can recognize RXLR effectors from multiple Phytophthora species has rarely been ***,we identified a new RXLR-WY effector AVRamr3 from *** that is recognized by Rpi-amr3 from a wild Solanaceae species Solanum ***-amr3 associates with AVRamr3 in ***3 is broadly conserved in many different Phytophthora species,and the recognition of AVRamr3 homologs by Rpi-amr3 activates resistance against multiple Phytophthora pathogens,including the tobacco black shank disease and cacao black pod disease pathogens *** and ***-amr3 is thus the first characterized resistance gene that acts against *** or *** findings suggest a novel path to redeploy known R genes against different important plant pathogens.

关键词： Rpi-amr3 AVRamr3 potato late blight Phytophthora disease RXLR-WY effector Solanum americanum

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Metabolic characterization of selected probiotic consortia during gluten and wheat bread simulated digestion

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Mirco Vacca Giuseppe Celano Olga Nikoloudaki Bodo Speckmann Francesco Maria Calabrese Marco Gobbetti Maria de Angelis Faculty of Science and Technology， Free University of Bozen Evonik Operations GmbH department of Soil plant and Food Sciences， University of Bari Aldo Moro

While exerting their metabolic activities in the gastrointestinal milieu， probiotics impact the host well-being by boosting immunity， treating metabolic disorders， and modulating microbiota and metabolome. Due to the high incidence of gluten-based disorders， the present work aims to deeply explore the metabolism of two selected microbial consortia (MCs) during gluten digestion under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Featured by high protease and peptidase activity， both MCs accounted for different lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus strains that were combined with two commercial protease enzymes. Gluten substrates were used as purified extracts， white and whole wheat breads. Control samples， instead， relied onto the microbial enzyme lack. Twenty-four hours of simulated digestion were sufficient to completely hydrolyze gluten in one of the two MC-containing experimental sets， and the relative 48 h-digested extract did not alter the cytokine expression in duodenal biopsies from celiac disease (CeD) patients. When digested samples were assayed for antioxidant and phytase activities， microbial enzymes demonstrated to significantly improve both ABTS and DPPH values and to decrease the phytic acid concentration. The inspection of the free amino acid profiles allowed for distinguishing the two MCs， whereas the detection of a heterogeneous panel of volatile organic compounds supported the presence/activity of microbial enzymes without statistically significant differences between MCs. As functional contribution， digested extracts with MCs also proved to reduce the inflammatory cytokine concentrations in cell lines exposed to lipopolysaccharide trigger. Therefore， in line with studies exploring novel adjuvant therapies， the present innovative probiotic consortium featured by high gluten-hydrolyzing metabolism also showed the capability to improve various parameters usually found to be altered in patients affected by gluten-based disorders or CeD.

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Inhibitory effect and mechanism of tannic acid against two starch digestive enzymes

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Food Quality and Safety 2024年第1期8卷 115-123页

作者：钟毓秀倪德让杨玉波李元一王莉田金虎杨帆叶兴乾 department of Food Science and Nutrition Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food ProcessingFuli Institute of Food ScienceZhejiang R&D Centre for Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Institute of Science and Technology Moutai GroupZunyiChina Key Laboratory of Industrial microbial Resources Development Kweichow Moutai Co.Ltd.RenhuaiChina

Backgrounds:Tannic acid(TA),as a plant-derived phenolic substance,is involved in regulating the activity of starch digestive enzymes,but its underlying mechanism remains *** and Results:In the present study,inhibition rate and inhibition kinetics assays were performed and confrmed that TA had a strong inhibitory effect on bothα-amylase andα-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.1585 mg/mL and 0.00542 mg/mL,respectively,through a mixed inhibition *** secondary structures of both enzymes were confrmed to be modifed by TA through circular dichroism(CD)*** quenching analysis revealed that the interaction between TA and two enzymes was a static process of pontaneous complex ***,molecular docking revealed that non-covalent bonds were the main interaction forces between TA and both ***:Thus,TA was a promising candidate for the inhibition of starch-digesting enzymes,and the present research provided insight into postprandial glucose regulation through polyphenols.

关键词： Tannic acid α-amylase α-glucosidase inhibition starch digestion.

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ABNORMAL SHOOT 6 interacts with KATANIN 1 and SHADE AVOIDANCE 4 to promote cortical microtubule severing and ordering in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2021年第4期63卷 646-661页

作者： Yuanfeng Li Meng Deng Haofeng Liu Yan Li Yu Chen Min Jia Hui Xue Jingxia Shao Jun Zhao Yafei Qi Lijun An Fei Yu Xiayan Liu State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China present address:department of plantµbial biology University of California BerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA

plant interphase cortical microtubules(cMTs)mediate anisotropic cell expansion in response to environmental and developmental *** Arabidopsis thaliana,KATANIN 1(KTN1),the p60 catalytic subunit of the conserved MT-severing enzyme katanin,is essential for cMT ordering and anisotropic cell ***,the regulation of KTN1-mediated cMT severing and ordering remains *** this work,we report that the Arabidopsis IQ67 DOMAIN(IQD)family gene ABNORMAL SHOOT 6(ABS6)encodes a MT-associated *** of ABS6 leads to elongated cotyledons,directional pavement cell expansion,and highly ordered transverse cMT *** suppressor analysis revealed that ABS6-mediated cMT ordering is dependent on KTN1 and SHADE AVOIDANCE 4(SAV4).Live imaging of cMT dynamics showed that both ABS6 and SAV4 function as positive regulators of cMT ***,ABS6 directly interacts with KTN1 and SAV4 and promotes their recruitment to the ***,analysis of loss-of-function mutant combinations showed that ABS6,SAV4,and KTN1 work together to ensure the robust ethylene response in the apical hook of dark-grown ***,our findings establish ABS6 and SAV4 as positive regulators of cMT severing and ordering,and highlight the role of cMT dynamics in fine-tuning differential growth in plants.

关键词： ABS red ABNORMAL SHOOT 6 interacts with KATANIN 1 and SHADE AVOIDANCE 4 to promote cortical microtubule severing and ordering in Arabidopsis

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Flavonoid Myricetin as Potent Anticancer Agent: A Possibility towards Development of Potential Anticancer Nutraceuticals

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期30卷 75-84页

作者： Anchal Trivedi Adria Hasan Rumana Ahmad Sahabjada Siddiqui Aditi Srivastava Aparna Misra Snober S.Mir department of Biochemistry Era's Lucknow Medical College&HospitalEra UniversityLucknow(226003)India Molecular Cell biology Laboratory Integral Information and Research Centre-4(IIRC-4)Department of BioengineeringFaculty of EngineeringIntegral UniversityLucknow(226026)India department of Biotechnology Era's Lucknow Medical College&HospitalEra UniversityLucknow(226003)India department of Biosciences Faculty of ScienceIntegral UniversityLucknow(226026)India

Good nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining a balanced lifestyle. The beneficial effects of nutrition have been found to counteract nutritional disturbances with the expanded use of nutraceuticals to treat and manage cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other developmental defects over the last decade. Flavonoids are found abundantly in plant-derived foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, and wine. Fruits and vegetables contain phytochemicals like flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. Flavonoids can act as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-microbial(antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diarrheal agents. Flavonoids are also reported to upregulate apoptotic activity in several cancers such as hepatic, pancreatic, breast, esophageal, and colon. Myricetin is a flavonol which is naturally present in fruits and vegetables and has shown possible nutraceutical value. Myricetin has been portrayed as a potent nutraceutical that may protect against cancer. The focus of the present review is to present an updated account of studies demonstrating the anticancer potential of myricetin and the molecular mechanisms involved therein. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying its anticancer activity would eventually help in its development as a novel anticancer nutraceutical having minimal side effects.

关键词： myricetin flavonoids anticancer nutraceuticals Chinese medicine Ayurveda complementary and alternative medicine

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The WAK-like protein RFO1 acts as a sensor of the pectin methylation status in Arabidopsis cell walls to modulate root growth and defense

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Molecular plant 2023年第5期16卷 865-881页

作者： Apolonio I.Huerta Gloria Sancho-Andre´s Juan Carlos Montesinos Javier Silva-Navas Sole`ne Bassard Corinne Pau-Roblot Christopher Kesten Rudolf Schlechter Susanne Dora Temurkhan Ayupov Je´rome Pelloux^ Julia Santiago Clara Sa´nchez-Rodrı´guez ETH Zurich Institute of Molecular Plant Biology(D-BIOL)ZurichSwitzerland University of Lausanne Department of Plant Molecular BiologyLausanneSwitzerland UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro–BIOPI Biologie des plantes et Innovation Universite´de Picardie33 Rue St Leu80039 AmiensFrance present address:Lonza AG VispVisSwitzerland present address:Institute of Microbiology Freie Universitat BerlinBerlinGermany present address:Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology-Basel BaselSwitzerland present address:Centro de Biotecnologı´a y Geno´mica de plantas Universidad Polite´cnica de Madrid(UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigacio´n y Tecnologı´a Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA/CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPM28223 Pozuelo de Alarco´nSpain

Most organisms adjust their development according to the environmental *** the majority,this implies the sensing of alterations to cell walls caused by different *** the relevance of this process,few molecular players involved in cell wall sensing are known and ***,we show that the wall-associated kinase-like protein RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM 1(RFO1)is required for plant growth and early defense against Fusarium oxysporum and functions by sensing changes in the pectin methylation levels in the cell *** RFO1 dwell time at the plasma membrane is affected by the pectin methylation status at the cell wall,regulating MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE and gene *** show that the extracellular domain of RFO1 binds de-methylated pectin in vitro,whose distribution in the cell wall is altered during *** *** analyses also indicate that RFO1 is required for the BR-dependent plant growth alteration in response to inhibition of pectin de-methyl-esterase activity at the cell ***,our work demonstrates that RFO1 is a sensor of the pectin methylation status that plays a unique dual role in plant growth and defense against vascular pathogens.

关键词： alterations walls pectin

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Temporal and Spatial Requirement of EMF1 Activity for Arabidopsis Vegetative and Reproductive Development

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Molecular plant 2009年第4期2卷 643-653页

作者： Rosario Sanchez Minjung Y. Kim Myriam Calonje Yong-Hwan Moon Z. Renee Sung department of plant and microbial biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA present address: Heidelberg Institute for plant Science Biodiversity and Plant Systematics Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany present address: department of Molecular biology Pusan National University 30 Jangjeon-dong Geumjeong-gu Busan 609-735 Korea

EMBRYONIC FLOWER （EMF） genes are required to maintain vegetative development via repression of flower homeotic genes in Arabidopsis. Removal of EMF gene function caused plants to flower upon germination, producing abnormal and sterile flowers. The pleiotropic effect of ernfl mutation suggests its requirement for gene programs involved in diverse developmental processes. Transgenic plants harboring EMF1 promoter：：glucuronidase （GUS） reporter gene were generated to investigate the temporal and spatial expression pattern of EMF1. These plants displayed differential GUS activity in vegetative and flower tissues, consistent with the role of EMF1 in regulating multiple gene programs. EMFI：：GUS expression pattern in emf mutants suggests organ-specific auto-regulation. Sense- and antisense （as） EMF1 cDNA were expressed under the control of stage- and tissue-specific promoters in transgenic plants. Characterization of these transgenic plants showed that EMF1 activity is required in meristematic as well as differentiating tissues to rescue emf mutant phenotype. Temporal removal or reduction of EMF1 activity in the embryo or shoot apex of wild-type seedlings was sufficient to cause early flowering and terminal flower formation in adult plants. Such reproductive cell memory is reflected in the flower MADS-box gene activity expressed prior to flowering in these early flowering plants. However, temporal removal of EMF1 activity in flower meristem did not affect flower development. Our results are consistent with EMF1＇s primary role in repressing flowering in order to allow for vegetative growth.

关键词： EMF1 stage-specific promoter early flowering reproductive cell memory vegetative/reproductive development repression of flower MADS-box genes.

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Assembly of JAZ–JAZ and JAZ–NINJA complexes in jasmonate signaling

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plant Communications 2023年第6期4卷 296-312页

作者： X.Edward Zhou Yaguang Zhang Jian Yao Jie Zheng Yuxin Zhou Qing He Javier Moreno Vinh QLam Xiaoman Cao Koichi Sugimoto Leidy Vanegas-Cano Leena Kariapper Kelly Suino-Powell Yuanye Zhu Scott Novick Patrick R.Griffin Feng Zhang Gregg A.Howe Karsten Melcher department of Structural biology Van Andel InstituteGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Key Laboratory of Pesticide College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina MSU-DOE plant Research Laboratory Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA department of Molecular Medicine UF Scripps Biomedical ResearchJupiterFL 33458USA plant Resilience Institute Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA present address:Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210014China present address:Tsukuba-plant Innovation Research Center University of TsukubaTsukubaIbaraki 305-8572Japan

Jasmonates(JAs)are plant hormones with crucial roles in development and stress *** activate MYC transcription factors by mediating the proteolysis of MYC inhibitors called JAZ *** the absence of JA,JAZ proteins bind and inhibit MYC through the assembly of MYC–JAZ–Novel Interactor of JAZ(NINJA)–TPL repressor ***,JAZ and NINJA are predicted to be largely intrinsically unstructured,which has precluded their experimental structure *** a combination of biochemical,mutational,and biophysical analyses and AlphaFold-derived ColabFold modeling,we characterized JAZ–JAZ and JAZ–NINJA interactions and generated models with detailed,high-confidence domain *** demonstrate that JAZ,NINJA,and MYC interface domains are dynamic in isolation and become stabilized in a stepwise order upon complex *** contrast,most JAZ and NINJA regions outside of the interfaces remain highly dynamic and cannot be modeled in a single *** data indicate that the small JAZ Zinc finger expressed in Inflorescence Meristem(ZIM)motif mediates JAZ–JAZ and JAZ–NINJA interactions through separate surfaces,and our data further suggest that NINJA modulates JAZ *** study advances our understanding of JA signaling by providing insights into the dynamics,interactions,and structure of the JAZ–NINJA core of the JA repressor complex.

关键词： JAZ protein NINJA AlphaFold ColabFold MYC hydrogen-deuterium exchange

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