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Mechanism involved in Danshen-induced fluid secretion in salivary glands

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第5期21卷 1444-1456页

作者： Fei Wei Mu-Xin Wei Masataka Murakami division of Physiological Sciences School of Life ScienceGraduate University for Advanced StudiesOkazaki 444-8585Japan Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine The first Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University division of Cellular physiology National Institute for Physiological SciencesNational Institutes of Natural SciencesOkazaki 444-8787Japan

AIM:Danshen's capability to induce salivary fluid secretion and its mechanisms were studied to determine if it could improve ***:Submandibular glands were isolated from male Wistar rats under systemic anesthesia with pentobarbital *** artery was cannulated and vascularly perfused at a constant *** excretory duct was also cannulated and the secreted saliva was weighed in a cup on an electronic *** weight of the accumulated saliva was measured every 3 s and the salivary flow rate was *** addition,the arterio-venous difference in the partial oxygen pressure was measured as an indicator of oxygen *** order to assess the mechanism involved in Dansheninduced fluid secretion,either ouabain(an inhibitor of Na+/K+ ATPase) or bumetanide(an inhibitor of NKCC1) was additionally applied during the Danshen *** order to examine the involvement of the main membrane receptors,atropine was added to block the M3 muscarinic receptors,or phentolamine was added to block the α1 adrenergic *** order to examine the requirement for extracellular Ca2+,Danshen was applied during the perfusion with nominal Ca2+ free ***:Although Danshen induced salivary fluid secretion,88.7 ± 12.8 μL/g-min,n = 9,(the highest value around 20 min from start of DS perfusion was significantly high vs 32.5 ± 5.3 μL/g-min by carbamylcholine,P = 0.00093 by t-test) in the submandibular glands,the time course of that secretion differed from that induced by *** was a latency associated with the fluid secretion induced by Danshen,followed by a gradual increasein the secretion to its highest value,which was in turn followed by a slow decline to a near zero *** application of either ouabain or bumetanide inhibited the fluid secretion by 85% or 93%,and suppressed the oxygen consumption by 49% or 66%,*** results indicated that Danshen activates Na+/K+ ATPase and NKCC1 to maintain Cl- release and K+ r

关键词： Salivary fluid secretion Xerostomia Chinese herb D

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rIL-22 as an adjuvant enhances the immunogenicity of rGroEL in mice and its protective efficacy against S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第1期12卷 96-106页

作者： Gurpreet Kaur Chitradevi Charu Anju Bansal division of Experimental Biology Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences Defense Research and Development Organization Delhi India

Salmonella infection, ranging from mild, self-limiting diarrhea to severe gastrointestinal, septicemic disease and enteric fever, is a global health problem both in humans and animals. Rapid development of microbial drug resistance has led to a need for efficacious and affordable vaccines against Salmonella. Microbial heat shock proteins （HSPs）, including HSP60 and HSP70, are the dominant antigens that promote the host immune response. Co-administration of these antigens with cytokines, such as IL-22, which plays an important role in antimicrobial defense, can enhance the immune response and protection against pathogens. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the immunogenicity of rGroEL （Hsp60） of S. Typhi, alone or administered in combination with murine rlL-22, and its protective efficacy against lethal infection with Salmonella, in mice. There was appreciable stimulation of the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice immunized with rGroEL alone. However, co-administration of rGroEL with rlL-22 further boosted the antibody titers （IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a）, T-cell proliferative responses and the secretion of both Thl and Th2 cytokines. Additionally, rGroEL alone accorded 65%-70% protection against lethal challenge with S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium, which increased to 90% when co-administered with rlL-22.

关键词： gene expression GroEL immunity IL-22 vaccine

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Effect of irrigation regime on grain yield,water productivity,and methane emissions in dry direct-seeded rice grown in raised beds with wheat straw incorporation

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The Crop Journal 2018年第5期6卷 495-508页

作者： Zhiqin Wang Daojian Gu Sarah S.Beebout Hao Zhang Lijun Liu Jianchang Yang Jianhua Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and physiology Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University Crop and Environmental Sciences division International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University

Dry direct-seeded rice grown in raised beds is becoming an important practice in the wheat–rice rotation system in ***,little information has been available on the effect of various irrigation regimes on grain yield,water productivity(WP),nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),and greenhouse gas emission in this *** study investigated the question using two rice cultivars in 2015 and 2016 grown in soil with wheat straw incorporated into *** seeds were directly seeded into raised beds,which were maintained under aerobic conditions during the early seedling *** irrigation regimes:continuous flooding(CF),alternate wetting and drying(AWD),and furrow irrigation(FI),were applied from 4.5-leaf-stage to *** with CF,both AWD and FI significantly increased grain yield,WP,and internal NUE,with greater increases under the FI *** two cultivars showed the same tendency in both *** AWD and FI markedly increased soil redox potential,root and shoot biomass,root oxidation activity,leaf photosynthetic NUE,and harvest index and markedly decreased global warming potential,owing to substantial reduction in seasonalThe results demonstrate that adoption of either AWD or FI could increase grain yield and resource-use efficiency and reduce environmental risks in dry direct-seeded rice grown on raised beds with wheat straw incorporation in the wheat–rice rotation system.

关键词： Rice(Oryza sativa L.) Dry direct-seeding Alternate wetting and drying Furrow irrigation Water productivity Methane emission

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Ethanol exposed maturing rat cerebellar granule cells show impaired energy metabolism and increased cell death after oxygen-glucose deprivation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第3期14卷 485-490页

作者： Ana Spataru Diana Le Duc Leon Zagrean Ana-Maria Zagrean division of physiology and Neuroscience Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy King's College Hospital London UK Institute of Human Genetics University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics Leipzig GermanyDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

Alcohol, a widely abused drug, has deleterious effects on the immature nervous system. This study investigates the effect of chronic in vitro ethanol exposure on the metabolism of immature rat cerebellar granular cells(CGCs) and on their response to oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD). Primary CGC cultures were exposed to ethanol(100 mM in culture medium) or to control ethanol-free medium starting day one in vitro(DIV1). At DIV8, the expression of ATP synthase gene ATP5 g3 was quantified using real-time PCR, then cultures were exposed to 3 hours of OGD or normoxic conditions. Subsequently, cellular metabolism was assessed by a resazurin assay and by ATP level measurement. ATP5 g3 expression was reduced by 12-fold(P = 0.03) and resazurin metabolism and ATP level were decreased to 74.4 ± 4.6% and 55.5 ± 6.9%, respectively after chronic ethanol treatment compared to control values(P < 0.01). Additionally, after OGD exposure of ethanol-treated cultures, resazurin metabolism and ATP level were decreased to 12.7 ± 1.0% and 9.0 ± 2.0% from control values(P < 0.01). These results suggest that chronic ethanol exposure reduces the cellular ATP level, possibly through a gene expression down-regulation mechanism, and increases the vulnerability to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Thus, interventions which improve metabolic function and sustain ATP-levels could attenuate ethanol-induced neuronal dysfunction and should be addressed in future studies.

关键词： cell culture chronic ethanol exposure oxygen-glucose deprivation cerebellar granule cells toxicity gene expression cellular ATP cellular metabolism metabolic impairment cell death

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Extrahepatic complications to cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Haemodynamic and homeostatic aspects

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15499-15517页

作者： S?ren M?ller Jens H Henriksen Flemming Bendtsen Department of Clinical physiology and Nuclear Medicine Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research Copenhagen University Hospital University of Copenhagen Gastro Unit Medical Division Hvidovre Hospital Hvidovre Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen

In addition to complications relating to the liver, patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension develop extrahepatic functional disturbances of multiple organ systems. This can be considered a multiple organ failure that involves the heart, lungs, kidneys, the immune systems, and other organ systems. Progressive fibrosis of the liver and subsequent metabolic impairment leads to a systemic and splanchnic arteriolar vasodilatation. This affects both the haemodynamic and functional homeostasis of many organs and largely determines the course of the disease. With the progression of the disease, the circulation becomes hyperdynamic with cardiac, pulmonary as well as renal consequences for dysfunction and reduced survival. Infections and a changed cardiac function known as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy may be involved in further aggravation of other complications such as renal failure precipitatingthe hepatorenal *** with end-stage liver disease and related complications as for example the hepatopulmonary syndrome can only radically be treated by liver *** a bridge to this treatment,knowledge on the mechanisms of the pathophysiology of complications is essential for the choice of vasoactive drugs,antibiotics,drugs with specific effects on fibrogenesis and inflammation,and drugs that target specific receptors.

关键词： Fibrogenesis Splanchnic haemodynamics Inflammation Bacterial translocation Infections Systemic circulation Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy Hepatopulmonary syndrome Portopulmonary hypertension Hepatorenal syndrome Ascites

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Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Signaling by Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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Molecular Plant 2014年第6期7卷 939-942页

作者： Juan Xu Shuqun Zhang State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and Biochemistry College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China division of Biochemistry Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA

Ethylene, a gaseous plant hormone, plays critical roles in plant growth, development, and response to environment. Ethylene-regulated processes are initiated by the elevation of ethylene biosynthesis, which is under tight control by a complex signaling network. An elevated level of ethyl- ene is then perceived by ethylene receptors in local and neighboring cells, which activates signaling pathways that lead to ethylene responses. Different types of tissues/cells have differential capacities in producing ethylene and dif- ferential sensitivity to ethylene, which are crucial to the diverse functions of ethylene in plants. This report high- lights recent advances in our understanding of kinases and phosphatases in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling.

关键词： Regulation (biology) Signal Transduction ethylene production Protein Kinases Phosphatase

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A new loss-of-function allele 28y reveals a role of ARGONAUTE1 in limiting asymmetric division of stomatal lineage ground cell

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第6期56卷 539-549页

作者： Kezhen Yangy Min Jiangy Jie Le Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular physiology Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences

In Arabidopsis thaliana L., stomata are produced through a series of divisions including asymmetric and symmetric divisions. Asymmetric entry division of meristemoid mother cellproduces two daughter cells, the smal er meristemoid and the larger sister cell, a stomatal lineage ground cell（SLGC）. Stomatal lineage ground cells can differentiate into epidermal pavement cells but have the potential to divide asymmetrical y, spacing divisions, to create satel ite meristemoids. Peptide ligands and TOO MANY MOUTHS （TMM） and ERECTA family receptors regulate the initiation of stomatal lineages, activity, and orientation of spacing divisions. Here, we reported that a natural mutant 28y displayed an increased stomatal density and index. Using map-based cloning, we identified mutation in ARGONAUTE1 （AGO1） as the cause of 28y phenotypes. Time-lapse tracing of stomatal lineage cells reveals that stomatal overproduction in 28y is caused by the excessive asymmetric spacing division of *** genetic results demonstrated that AGO1 acts down-stream of TMM and negatively regulates the SPCH transcripts, but in a brassinosteroid-independent manner. Upregulation of AGAMOUS-LIKE16 （AGL16） in 28y mutants suggests that AGO1 is required to restrict AGL16-mediated stomatal spacing divisions, an miRNA pathway in addition to ligand-receptor signaling modules.

关键词： Arabidopsis ARGONAUTEI cell division stomatal development

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Insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein 1 knockdown attenuates hepatic ?brosis via the regulation of MMPs/TIMPs in mice

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第1期18卷 38-47页

作者： Jun-Jie Ren Ting-Juan Huang Qian-Qian Zhang Hai-Yan Zhang Xiao-Hong Guo Hui-Qin Fan Ren-Ke Li Li-Xin Liu Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Experimental Center of Science and Research The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Key Laboratory of Cell physiology Department of the Ministry of Education Shanxi Medical University division of Cardiovascular Surgery Toronto General Research Institute University Health Network division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Surgery University of Toronto

Background: Previous research suggested that insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein 1(IGFBPrP1), as a novel mediator, contributes to hepatic fibrogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases(MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases(TIMP) play an essential role in hepatic fibrogenesis by regulating homeostasis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix(ECM). However, the interaction between IGFBPrP1 and MMP/TIMP is not clear. The present study was to knockdown IGFBPrP1 to investigate the correlation between IGFBPrP1 and MMP/TIMP in hepatic fibrosis. Methods: Hepatic fibrosis was induced by thioacetamide(TAA) in mice. Knockdown of IGFBPrP1 expression by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-mediated CMB-shRNA-IGFBPrP1 delivery, or inhibition of the Hedgehog(Hh) pathway by cyclopamine treatment, was performed in TAA-induced liver fibrosis mice. Hepatic fibrosis was determined by hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red staining. Hepatic expression of IGFBPrP1, α-smooth muscle actin( α-SMA), transforming growth factor β 1(TGF β1), collagen I, MMPs/TIMPs, Sonic Hedgehog(Shh), and glioblastoma family transcription factors(Gli1) were investigated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting analysis. Results: We found that hepatic expression of IGFBPrP1, TGF β1, α-SMA, and collagen I were increased longitudinally in mice with TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis, concomitant with MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 imbalance and Hh pathway activation. Knockdown of IGFBPrP1 expression, or inhibition of the Hh pathway, reduced the hepatic expression of IGFBPrP1, TGF β1, α-SMA, and collagen I and re-established MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 balance. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that IGFBPrP1 knockdown attenuates liver fibrosis by re-establishing MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9/TIMP1 balance, concomitant with the inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation, down-regulation of TGF β1 expression, and degradation of the ECM. Furthermore, the Hh pathway mediates IGFBPrP1 knockdo

关键词： Hepatic fibrosis Insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein 1 Matrix metalloproteinase Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction Hedgehog signaling pathway

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Sporophytic control of tapetal development and pollen fertility by a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第7期66卷 1500-1516页

作者： Jianguo Zeng Manman Duan Yiqing Wang Guangtao Li Yujing You Jie Shi Changhao Liu Jinyang Zhang Juan Xu Shuqun Zhang Jing Zhao Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China division of Biochemistry University of MissouriColumbia65211MOUSA

Tapetum,the innermost layer of the anther wall,provides essential nutrients and materials for pollen *** degradation of anther tapetal cells is a prerequisite for normal pollen development in flowering *** cells facilitate male gametogenesis by providing cellular contents after highly coordinated programmed cell death(PCD).Tapetal development is regulated by a transcriptional ***,the signaling pathway(s)involved in this process are poorly *** this study,we report that a mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade composed of OsYDA1/OsYDA2-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 plays an important role in tapetal development and male gametophyte *** of function of this MAPK cascade leads to anther indehiscence,enlarged tapetum,and aborted pollen *** cells in osmkk4 and osmpk6 mutants exhibit an increased presence of lipid body-like structures within the cytoplasm,which is accompanied by a delayed occurrence of *** of a constitutively active version of OsMPK6(CA-OsMPK6)can rescue the pollen defects in osmkk4 mutants,confirming that OsMPK6 functions downstream of OsMKK4 in this *** crosses also demonstrated that the MAPK cascade sporophyticly regulates pollen *** study reveals a novel function of rice MAPK cascade in plant male reproductive biology.

关键词： degradation MAPK cascade pollen fertility rice tapetum

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Design,challenges,and the potential of transcriptomics to understand social behavior

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 321-330页

作者： Wen Kin LIM Ajay S.MATHURU Science division Yale-NUS College12 College Avenue W estSingapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology(IMCB) 61 Biopolis DriveSingapore Department of physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine(YLL)National University of SingaporeSingapore

Rapid advances in Ribonucleic Acid sequencing(or RNA-seq)technology for analyzing entire transcriptomes of desired tissue samples,or even of single cells at scale,have revolutionized biology in the past *** accessibility and falling costs are making it possible to address many problems in biology that were once considered intractable,including the study of various social ***-seq is opening new avenues to understand long-standing questions on the molecular basis of behavioral plasticity and individual variation in the expression of a *** whole transcriptomes are examined,it has become possible to make unbiased discoveries of underlying mechanisms with little or no necessity to predict genes involved in ***,researchers need to be aware of technical limitations and have to make specific decisions when applying RNA-seq to study social ***,we provide a perspective on the applications of RNA-seq and experimental design considerations for behavioral scientists who are unfamiliar with the technology but are considering using it in their research.

关键词： behavioral variability behavioral plasticity neurotranscriptomics RNA-seq social behaviors

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