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The role of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)in reducing pollution of the Arctic and around the globe

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第1期17卷 48-58页

作者： Lars-Otto Reiersen Katrin Vorkamp Roland Kallenborn Arctic Knowledge Ltd Former Executive SecretaryArctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)OsloNorway Department of Environmental Science Aarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem(IJRC-AEE) Polar Academy(PA)Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinPR China Faculty of Chemistry Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)ÅsNorway University of the Arctic(UArctic) RovaniemiFinland

This article presents the initiation and implementation of a systematic scientific and political cooperation in the Arctic related to environmental pollution and climate change,with a special focus on the role of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP).The AMAP initiative has coordinated monitoring and assessments of environmental pollution across countries and parameters for the entire Arctic *** from a first scientific assessment in 1998,AMAP's work has been fundamental in recognizing,understanding and addressing environmental and human health issues in the Arctic,including those of persistent organic pollutants(POPs),mercury,radioactivity,oil,acidification and climate *** scientific results have contributed at local and international levels to define and take measures towards reducing the pollution not only in the Arctic,but of the whole globe,especially the contaminant exposure of indigenous and local communities with a traditional *** results related to climate change have documented the rapid changes in the Arctic and the strong feedback between the Arctic and the rest of the *** lessons learned from the work in the Arctic can be beneficial for other regions where contaminants may accumulate and affect local and indigenous peoples living in a traditional way,*** the *** cooperation is indispensable in reducing the longrange transported pollution in the Arctic.

关键词： Climate change Heavy metals Human health Indigenous peoples Persistent organic pollutants Radioactivity

The oral commensal Streptococcus mitis activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in human oral epithelial cells

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International Journal of Oral Science 2017年第3期9卷 145-150页

作者： stian a engen gro h rørvik olav schreurs inger js blix karl schenck department of oral biology faculty of dentistryuniversity of osloOsloNorway institute of clinical dentistry faculty of dentistryuniversity of osloOsloNorway

Streptococcus mitis （S. mitis） is a pioneer commensal bacterial species colonizing many of the surfaces of the oral cavity in healthy individuals. Yet, not much information is available regarding its interaction with the host. We used examination of its transcriptional regulation in oral keratinocytes to elucidate some of its potential roles in the oral cavity. Transcription factor analysis of oral keratinocytes predicted S. *** activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor （AhR）, Activation and functionality of AhR was confirmed through nuclear translocation determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription analysis of CYPIA1, the hallmark gene for AhR activation. Addition of Streptococcus mutans or Streptococcus gordonfi did not induce CYPIA1 transcription in the keratinocyte cultures. Introduction of an AhR-specific inhibitor revealed that S. mitis-mediated transcription of CXCL2 and CXCL8 was regulated by AhR. Elevated levels of pmstaglandin E2 （enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay） in supernatants from S. mitis-treated oral epithelial cells were also attenuated by inhibition of AhR activity. The observed AhR-regulated activities point to a contribution of S. mitis in the regulation of inflammatory responses and thereby to wound healing in the oral cavity. The concept that the oral commensal microbiota can induce AhR activation is important, also in view of the role that AhR has in modulation of T-cell differentiation and as an anti-inflammatory factor in macrophaees.

关键词： aryl hydrocarbon receptor commensal inflammation oral epithelium prostaglandin E2 Streptococcus

Real-Time Remote-Mentored Echocardiography in Management of Newborns with Critical Congenital Heart Defects

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Congenital Heart Disease 2023年第5期18卷 551-559页

作者： Håvard Bjerkeseth Solvin Simone Goa Diab Ole Jakob Elle Henrik Holmstrøm Henrik Brun Institute of Clinical Medicine University of OsloOsloNorway The Intervention Centre Technology and Innovation ClinicOslo University HospitalOsloNorway Department of Informatics University of OsloOsloNorway Department of Pediatric Cardiology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Department of Pediatrics Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway

Background:The management of suspected critical congenital heart defects(CCHD)relies on timely echocardiographic *** availability of experienced echocardiographers is limited or even non-existent in many hospitals with obstetric *** study evaluates remote-mentored echocardiography performed by physicians without experience in imaging of congenital heart defects(CHD).Methods:The setup included a pediatric cardiologist in a separate room,guiding a physician without experience in echocardiographic imaging of CHD in the examination of a symptomatic *** remote-mentoring pair was blinded to the diagnosis of the newborn and presented with a simplified patient *** echocardiographic images were streamed to the laptop of the mentor,along with a webcam feed showing the probe *** task was to identify CCHD in need of immediate transfer to a pediatric cardiac surgical *** result was compared to the previously completed echocardiographic report and the clinical decision of the patient-responsible pediatric ***:During 17 months,15 newborns were *** six newborns with CCHD were correctly labeled by the remotementoring *** newborn with Tetralogy of Fallot was erroneously labeled as needing immediate *** newborns without CCHD were correctly ***:Remote-mentored echocardiography performed by examiners without experience in imaging CHD identified all newborns with CCHD in need of immediate transfer for specialist *** setup shows promising results for improving the management of CCHD in hospitals without continuous pediatric cardiology service.

关键词： Remote-mentoring echocardiography telemedicine congenital heart defect

Non-homologous functions of the AlkB homologs

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2015年第6期7卷 494-504页

作者： Rune Ougland Torbjørn Rognes Arne Klungland Elisabeth Larsen Clinic for Diagnostics and Intervention and Institute of Medical Microbiology Oslo University HospitalRikshospitalet0027 OsloNorway Department of Anesthesiology Division of Emergencies and Critical CareOslo University HospitalThe Norwegian Radium Hospital0310 OsloNorway Department of Informatics University of Oslo0316 OsloNorway Faculty of Medicine Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Oslo0317 OsloNorway

TheDNArepair enzyme AlkB was identified in *** more than three decades *** then,nine mammalian homologs,all members of the superfamily of alpha-ketoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases,have been identified(designated ALKBH1–8 and FTO).While *** AlkB serves as a DNA repair enzyme,only two mammalian homologs have been confirmed to repair DNA in *** other mammalian homologs have remarkably diverse substrate specificities and biological *** recognized by the different AlkB homologs comprise erroneous methyl-and etheno adducts in DNA,unique wobble uridine modifications in certain tRNAs,methylated adenines in mRNA,and methylated lysines on *** phenotypes of organisms lacking or overexpressing individual AlkB homologs include obesity,severe sensitivity to inflammation,infertility,growth retardation,and multiple *** we review the present knowledge of the mammalian AlkB homologs and their implications for human disease and development.

关键词： AlkB homologs ALKBH epigenetics histone demethylation DNA repair RNA repair tRNA modiﬁcation

Levels of L-carnitine in human seminal plasma are associated with sperm fatty acid composition

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第5期24卷 451-457页

作者： Mario Iliceto Mette Haug Stensen Jorunn M Andersen Trine B Haugen Oliwia Witczak Fertilitetssenteret Oslo 0176Norway Department of Life Sciences and Health OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOslo 0130Norway

The fatty acid composition of spermatozoa has been shown to be important for their function,and L-carnitine is crucial for fatty acid *** levels in the seminal plasma positively correlate with semen quality,whereas high body mass index(BMI)is associated with both reduced semen quality and altered sperm fatty acid ***,we examined the associations between free seminal L-carnitine levels and sperm fatty acid composition as well as *** samples were collected and analyzed from 128 men with unknown fertility status and with BMI ranging from 19 kg m^(−2) to 63 kg m^(−2).Sperm fatty acid composition was assessed by gas chromatography,while free seminal L-carnitine analysis was performed using high-performance liquid *** linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation of free seminal L-carnitine levels with the amount of sperm palmitic acid(β=0.21;P=0.014),docosahexaenoic acid(DHA;β=0.23;P=0.007),and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(β=0.23;P=0.008)and a negative correlation of free seminal L-carnitine levels with lignoceric acid(β=−0.29;P=0.001)and total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(β=−0.24;P=0.012)when adjusted for *** was no relationship between free seminal L-carnitine levels and *** free seminal L-carnitine levels are associated with semen quality,the absence of a correlation with BMI suggests that reduced semen quality in obese men is independent of seminal L-carnitine.

关键词： body mass index L-carnitine male fertility semen quality sperm fatty acids spermatozoa

Monomethyl fumarate augments NK cell lysis of tumor cells through degranulation and the upregulation of NKp46 and CDIO7a

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第1期13卷 57-64页

作者： Heidi Vego Kristin L Sand Rune A Hoglund Lars-Egil Fallang Glenn Gundersen Trygve Holmoy Azzam A Maghazachi Departmentof Physiology Institute of Medical Basic Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway Medical Department Biogen Idec Norway AS OsloNorway Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital and institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway

Dimethyl fumarate （DMF） is a new drug used to treat multiple sclerosis （MS） patients. Here, we examined the effects of DMF and the DMF metabolite monomethyl fumarate （MMF） on various activities of natural killer （NK） cells. We demonstrated that MMF augments the primary CD56^＋, but not CD56^-, NK cell lysis of K562 and RAJI tumor cells. MMF induced NKp46 expression on the surface of CD56^＋, but not CD56^-, NK cells after incubation for 24 h. This effect was closely correlated with the upregulation of CD107a expression on the surface of CD56＋ NK cells and the induction of Granzyme B release from these cells through this metabolite. An anti-NKp46 antibody inhibited the MMF-induced upregulation of CD107a and the lysis of tumor cells through CD56^＋ NK cells. Thus, these results are the first to show that MMF augments CD56^＋ NK cell lysis of tumor target cells, an effect mediated through NKp46. This novel effect suggests the use of MMF for therapeutic and/or preventive protocols in cancer.

关键词： cancer prevention cancer treatment CDlO7a cytotoxicity dimethyl fumarate Granzyme B monomethyl fumarate natural killer cells NKp46

Ischemia/reperfusion injury in porcine intestine-Viability assessment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第18期24卷 2009-2023页

作者： Runar J Strand-Amundsen Henrik M Reims Finn P Reinholt Tom E Ruud Runkuan Yang Jan O Hogetveit Tor I Tonnessen Department of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering Oslo University HospitalOslo 0424Norway Department of Physics University of OsloOslo 0316Norway Department of Pathology Oslo University HospitalOslo 0424Norway Institute for Surgical Research Oslo University HospitalOslo 0424Norway Department of Surgery Baerum HospitalVestre Viken Hospital TrustDrammen 3004Norway Department of Emergencies and Critical Care Oslo University HospitalOslo 0424Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine University of OsloOslo 0424Norway

AIM To investigate viability assessment of segmental small bowel ischemia/reperfusion in a porcine *** In 15 pigs, five or six 30-cm segments of jejunum were simultaneously made ischemic by clamping the mesenteric arteries and veins for 1 to 16 h. Reperfusion was initiated after different intervals of ischemia(1-8 h) and subsequently monitored for 5-15 h. The intestinal segments were regularly photographed and assessed visually and by palpation. Intraluminal lactate and glycerol concentrations were measured by microdialysis, and samples were collected for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The histological changes were described and *** Using light microscopy, the jejunum was considered as viable until 6 h of ischemia, while with transmission electron microscopy the ischemic muscularis propria was considered viable until 5 h of ischemia. However, following ≥ 1 h of reperfusion, only segments that had been ischemic for ≤ 3 h appeared viable, suggesting a possible upper limit for viability in the porcine mesenteric occlusion model. Although intraluminal microdialysis allowed us to closely monitor the onset and duration of ischemia and the onset of reperfusion, we were unable to find sufficient level of association between tissue viability and metabolic markers to conclude that microdialysis is clinically relevant for viability assessment. Evaluation of color and motility appears to be poor indicators of intestinal *** Three hours of total ischemia of the small bowel followed by reperfusion appears to be the upper limit for viability in this porcine mesenteric ischemia model.

关键词： Viability histology reperfusion ischemia microdialysis jejunum porcine model

Shared epitope is associated with the reactivity of Th17 cells to cigarette smoke extract regardless of smoking history

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第7期16卷 674-675页

作者： Roman Volchenkov Jason Matthews Manuela Zucknick Bjørn S.Skålhegg Department of Nutrition Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)severity has been linked to the combination of the HLA-DRB1 amino acid sequence motif called“shared epitope”(SE)and cigarette smoking(CS).1 Animal studies support the association of DRB1 alleles and CS with arthritis susceptibility2,3 and highlight the involvement of IL-17-producing T helper 17(Th17)cells in arthritis through the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR).We have previously reported4 with a limited group of donors that cigarette smoke extract(CSE)treatment of Th17 cells leads to reduced cytokine production and prevents normal differentiation of human Th17 *** into consideration the known association between smoking and genotype in RA,we performed a pilot study in which we enrolled healthy individuals who reported themselves as active smokers(supplementary table 1)and evaluated possible associations between smoking status,genetic background and Th17 cell reactivity to CSE.

关键词： reactivity susceptibility smoke

Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason Philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse Craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala Mark Dixon Timothy J England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir John Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random