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Predicting gas and shrinkage porosity in solidification microstructure:A coupled three-dimensional cellular automaton model

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第14期47卷 91-105页

作者： Cheng Gu Colin D.Ridgeway Emre Cinkilic Yan Lu Alan A.Luo Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Integrated Systems Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

Porosity formation during solidification of aluminum-based alloys,due to hydrogen gas and alloy shrinkage,has been a major issue adversely affecting the performance of solidification products such as castings,welds or additively manufactured components.A three-dimensional cellular automaton(CA)model has been developed,for the first time,to couple the predictions of hydrogen-induced gas porosity and shrinkage porosity during solidification microstructure evolution of a binary Al-Si *** CA simulation results are validated under various cooling rates by porosity measurements in an experimental wedge die casting using X-ray micro computed tomography(XMCT)*** validated porosity moel provides a critical link in integrated computation materials engineering(ICME)design and manufacturing of solidification products.

关键词： Solidification Cellular automaton Microstructure simulation Microporosity evolution

Sensitivity-based Vulnerability Assessment of State Estimation

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第4期9卷 886-896页

作者： Gonzalo E.Constante-Flores Antonio J.Conejo Jiankang Wang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUSA Department of Integrated Systems Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUSA

We propose a technique to assess the vulnerability of the power system state estimation. We aim at identifying the measurements that have a high potential of being the target of false data injection attacks. From the perspective of the adversary, such measurements have the following characteristics: ① being influential on the variable estimates;② corrupting their measured values is likely to be undetected. Additionally, such characteristics should not change significantly with the system operation condition. The proposed technique provides a systematic way of identifying the measurements with such characteristics. We illustrate our methodology on a 4-bus system, the New England 39-bus system, and the IEEE 118-bus test system, respectively.

关键词： False data injection attack state estimation sensitivity analysis singular value decomposition

Utilization of chemical looping strategy in coal gasification processes

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Particuology 2008年第3期6卷 131-142页

作者： Liangshih Fan Shwetha Ramkumar Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State UniversityUnited States

Three chemical looping gasification processes, i.e. Syngas Chemical Looping （SCL） process, Coal Direct Chemical Looping （CDCL） process, and Calcium Looping process （CLP）, are being developed at the ohio State University （OSU）. These processes utilize simple reaction schemes to convert carbonaceous fuels into products such as hydrogen, electricity, and synthetic fuels through the transformation of a highly reactive, highly recyclable chemical intermediate. In this paper, these novel chemical looping gasification processes are described and their advantages and potential challenges for commercialization are discussed.

关键词： Chemical looping Gasification process Combustion Hydrogen

Magnesium research and applications: Past, present and future

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第11期11卷 3867-3895页

作者： Jianyue Zhang Jiashi Miao Nagasivamuni Balasubramani Dae Hyun Cho Thomas Avey Chia-Yu Chang Alan A.Luo Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Integrated Systems Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

As the lightest structural metal and one of the most abundant metallic elements on earth, magnesium(Mg) has been used as an "industrial metal" for lightweighting in the transportation and electronics industries, in addition to other traditional applications in aluminum alloying,steel desulfurization and protective anodes. In recent years, research has shown significant potential for Mg to become a "technology metal"in a variety of new applications from energy storage/battery to biomedical products. However, global Mg production has shown steady but moderate growth in the last three decades. Mg applications as an industry metal are still limited due to some sustainability concerns of primary Mg production, as well as a number of technical issues related to the structural and corrosion performance of commercial Mg *** Mg applications as an industrial or technology metal face tremendous technical challenges, which have been reflected in the intensified global research efforts in the last twenty years. This paper will review some past and present applications, and discuss future opportunities and challenges for Mg research and applications for the global Mg community.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Structural applications Lightweighting Biomedical applications Energy applications

Comprehension of functional support by enculturated chimpanzees Pan troglodytes

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 429-440页

作者： Anna M. YOCOM Sarah T. BOYSEN Department of Psychology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

Studies of causal understanding of tool relationships in captive chimpanzees have yielded disparate findings, particularly those reported by Povinelli ＆ colleagues （2000） for tool tasks by laboratory chimpanzees. The present set of experiments tested nine enculturated chimpanzees on three versions of a support task, as described by Povinelli （2000）, during which food re- wards were presented in different experimental configurations. In Experiment 1, stimulus pairs included a choice between a cloth with a reward on the upper right comer or with a second reward off the cloth, adjacent to a comer, with the second pair comprised of a cloth with food on the upper right comer, and a second cloth with the reward on the substrate, partially covered. All subjects were successful with both test conditions in Experiment 1. In a second study, the experimental choices included one of two possi- ble correct options, paired with one of three incorrect options, with the three incorrect choices all involving varying degrees of perceptual containment. All nine chimpanzees scored significantly above chance across all six conditions. In Experiment 3, four unique conditions were presented, combining one of two possible correct choices with one of two incorrect choices. Six of the subjects scored significantly above chance across the four conditions, and group performance on individual conditions was also significant. Superior performance was demonstrated by female subjects in Experiment 3, similar to sex differences in tool use previously reported for wild chimpanzees and some tool tasks in captive chimpanzees. The present results for Experiments 2 ＆ 3 were significantly differed from those reported by Povinelli et al. （2000） for laboratory-born, peer-reared chimpanzees. One contribution towards the dramatic differences between the two study populations may be the significant rearing and housing differences of the chimpanzee groups. One explanation is that under conditions of enculturat

关键词： Chimpanzees Comparative cognition Tool use Causality

Near-UV electroluminescence in unipolar-doped, bipolar-tunneling GaN/AlN heterostructures

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 168-174页

作者： Tyler A Growden Weidong Zhang Elliott R Brown David F Storm David J Meyer Paul R Berger Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering Wright State UniversityDaytonOhio 45435USA US Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC 20375USA

Cross-gap light emission is reported in n-type unipolar GaN/AlN double-barrier heterostructure diodes at room *** different designs were grown on semi-insulating bulk GaN substrates using molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).All samples displayed a single electroluminescent spectral peak at 360 nm with full-width at half-maximum(FWHM)values no greater than 16 nm and an external quantum efficiency(EQE)of≈0.0074%at 18.8 *** contrast to traditional GaN light emitters,p-type doping and p-contacts are completely avoided,and instead,holes are created in the GaN on the emitter side of the tunneling structure by direct interband(that is,Zener)tunneling from the valence band to the conduction band on the collector *** Zener tunneling is enhanced by the high electric fields(~5×106 V cm^(−1))created by the notably large polarization-induced sheet charge at the interfaces between the AlN and GaN.

关键词： AlN GaN heterostructure Near-UV light emission unipolar Zener tunneling

McSNAC:A software to approximate first-order signaling networks from mass cytometry data

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Quantitative Biology 2023年第1期11卷 59-71页

作者： Darren Wethington Sayak Mukherjee Jayajit Das Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine Abigail Wexner Research InstituteNationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOhio 43205United States Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program College of MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210United States Department of Pediatrics College of MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210United States Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology College of MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210United States DepartmentofBiomedicalInformatics CollegeofMedicineTheOhioStateUniversityColumbusOhio43210United States Biophysics Graduate Program The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210United States Battelle Memorial Institute ColumbusOhio 43201United States

Background:Mass cytometry(CyTOF)gives unprecedented opportunity to simultaneously measure up to 40 proteins in single cells,with a theoretical potential to reach 100 *** high-dimensional single-cell information can be very useful in dissecting mechanisms of cellular *** particular,measuring abundances of signaling proteins like phospho-proteins can provide detailed information on the dynamics of single-cell signaling ***,computational analysis is required to reconstruct such networks with a mechanistic ***:We propose our Mass cytometry Signaling Network Analysis Code(McSNAC),a new software capable of reconstructing signaling networks and estimating their kinetic parameters from CyTOF *** approximates signaling networks as a network of first-order reactions between *** assumption often breaks down as signaling reactions can involve binding and unbinding,enzymatic reactions,and other nonlinear ***,McSNAC may be limited to approximating indirect interactions between protein species,as cytometry experiments are only able to assay a small fraction of protein species involved in ***:We carry out a series of in silico experiments here to show(1)McSNAC is capable of accurately estimating the ground-truth model in a scalable manner when given data originating from a first-order system;(2)McSNAC is capable of qualitatively predicting outcomes to perturbations of species abundances in simple second-order reaction models and in a complex in silico nonlinear signaling network in which some proteins are ***:These findings demonstrate that McSNAC can be a valuable screening tool for generating models of signaling networks from time-stamped CyTOF data.

关键词： single-cell CyTOF data signaling network kinetics ODE McSNAC

Association of initial assessment variables and mortality in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 125-133页

作者： Katherine C Bergus Kelli N Patterson Lindsey Asti Josh Bricker Tariku J Beyene Lauren N Schulz Dana M Schwartz Rajan K Thakkar Eric A Sribnick Pediatric Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA CenterforSurgical Outcomes Research Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic Surgery The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA

Background Predictive scales have been used to prognosticate long-term outcomes of traumatic brain injury(TBI),but gaps remain in predicting mortality using initial trauma resuscitation *** sought to evaluate the association of clinical variables collected during the initial resuscitation of intubated pediatric severe patients with TBI with in-hospital *** Intubated pediatric trauma patients<18 years with severe TBI(Glasgow coma scale(GCS)score≤8)from January 2011 to December 2020 were *** between initial trauma resuscitation variables(temperature,pulse,mean arterial blood pressure,GCS score,hemoglobin,international normalized ratio(INR),platelet count,oxygen saturation,end tidal carbon dioxide,blood glucose and pupillary response)and mortality were evaluated with multivariable logistic *** Among 314 patients,median age was 5.5 years(interquartile range(IQR):2.2-12.8),GCS score was 3(IQR:3-6),Head Abbreviated Injury Score(hAIS)was 4(IQR:3-5),and most had a severe(25-49)Injury Severity Score(ISS)(48.7%,153/314).Overall mortality was 26.8%.GCS score,hAIS,ISS,INR,platelet count,and blood glucose were associated with in-hospital mortality(all p<0.05).As age and GCS score increased,the odds of mortality *** 1-point increase in GCS score was associated with a 35%decrease in odds of *** hAIS,INR,and blood glucose increased,the odds of mortality *** each 1.0 unit increase in INR,the odds of mortality increased by 1427%.Conclusions Pediatric patients with severe TBI are at substantial risk for in-hospital *** are needed to examine whether earlier interventions targeting specific parameters of INR and blood glucose impact mortality.

关键词： mortality pediatric traumatic

NONHOMOGENEOUS BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR THE KORTEWEG-DE VRIES EQUATION ON A BOUNDED DOMAIN

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2010年第3期23卷 499-526页

作者： Eugene F. KRAMER Bingyu ZHANG Department of Mathematics Physics and Computer Science University of Cincinnati Raymond Walters College Cincinnati Ohio 45236 USA Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA

This paper studies an initial-boundary-value problem (IBVP) of the Korteweg-de Vriesequation posed on a finite interval with general nonhomogeneous boundary *** thestrong Kato smoothing property of the associated linear problem,the IBVP is shown to be locallywell-posed in the space H^s(0,1) for any s≥0 via the contraction mapping principle.

关键词： KdV equation Korteweg-de Vries equation well-posed.