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Carboxylesterases in lipid metabolism： From mouse to human

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Protein & Cell 2018年第2期9卷 178-195页

作者： Jihong Lian Randal Nelson Richard Lehner group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada Department of Cell Biology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada

Mammalian carboxylesterases hydrolyze a wide range of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds, including lipid esters. Physiological functions of car- boxylesterases in lipid metabolism and energy home- ostasis in vivo have been demonstrated by genetic manipulations and chemical inhibition in mice, and in vitro through （over）expression, knockdown of expression, and chemical inhibition in a variety of cells. Recent research advances have revealed the relevance of carboxylesterases to metabolic diseases such as obesity and fatty liver disease, suggesting these enzymes might be potential targets for treatment of metabolic disorders. In order to translate pre-clinical studies in cellular and mouse models to humans, dif- ferences and similarities of carboxylesterases between mice and human need to be elucidated. This review presents and discusses the research progress in structure and function of mouse and human car- boxylesterases, and the role of these enzymes in lipid metabolism and metabolic disorders.

关键词： carboxylesterase lipase lipid lipoprotein iver adipose intestine

Second to Fourth Digit Ratio(2D:4D) as a Predictor of Adult Circulating Sex Hormones and Overweight/obesity in Ado-Ekiti Nigeria

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2018年第7期31卷 539-544页

作者： OYEYEMI Fatai Bolaji ADEBAYO John Oluwafemi OYEYEMI Adekunle Wahab ADEOLA Iyabo Cecilia AYANWOLE Elizabeth Tope JEGEDE Febisola Oluwatoyin OGUNSAKIN Ruth Oluwakemi Integrative Biology Unit Transcriptional Regulation Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Department of Science Technology The Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti Department of Physiology Igbinedion university

The ratio of the second-to-fourth digit length（2D：4D）has been shown to be sexually dimorphic,with males having lower mean than females and the ratio relates to masculinity and femininity in adults.2D：4D is influenced by digit growth pattern which is related to the ratio of prenatal androgen to estrogen levels in the later part of the first trimester.

关键词： WC WHR Second to Fourth Digit Ratio BMI NC FSH

The effect of acute aerobic exercise on central arterial stiffness,wave reflections,and hemodynamics in adults with diabetes:A randomized cross-over design

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第4期10卷 499-506页

作者： Kimberley L.Way Angela S.Lee Stephen M.Twigg Nathan A.Johnson Faculty of Medicine and Health Discipline of Exercise and Sports ScienceUniversity of SydneyLidcombeNSW 2141Australia Charles Perkins Centre University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Boden Collaboration for obesity NutritionExercise and Eating DisordersUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Faculty of Medicine and Health Central Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Department of Endocrinology Diabetes CentreRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNSW 2050Australia

Background:Individuals with diabetes have greater central arterial stiffness,wave reflections,and hemodynamics,all of which promote the accelerated cardiovascular pathology seen in this *** aerobic exercise has been shown to be an effective strategy for reducing central arterial stiffness,wave reflections,and hemodynamics in healthy individuals;however,the effects of acute aerobic exercise in reducing these outcomes is not well established in people with ***,implementation of high-intensity interval exercise(HIIE)has shown superior improvements in cardiovascular health outcomes when compared to traditional aerobic ***,the effect of HIIE on the aforementioned outcomes in people with diabetes is not *** purpose of this study was to(i)describe the central arterial stiffness,wave reflections,and hemodynamic responses to a bout of HIIE and moderate-intensity continuous exercise(MICE)in adults with diabetes;and(ii)compare the effects of HIIE and MICE on the aforementioned ***:A total of 24 adult men and women(aged 29-59 years old)with type 1(n=12)and type 2(n=12)diabetes participated in a randomized cross-over *** participants completed the following protocols:(i)HIIE:cycling for 4×4 min at 85%-95%of heart rate peak(HR_(peak)),interspersed with 3 min of active recovery at 60%-70%HR_(peak);(ii)MICE:33 min of continuous cycling at 60%-70%HR_(peak);and(iii)control(CON):lying quietly in a supine position for 30 ***:A significant group￡time effect was found for changes in central systolic blood pressure(F=3.20,p=0.01)with a transient reduction for the HIIE group but not for the MICE or CON *** was a significant group￡time effect for changes in augmentation index at a heart rate of 75 beats/min(F=2.32,p=0.04)with a decrease following for HIIE and MICE but not for *** all other measures of central arterial stiffness and hemodynamics,no significant changes were observed(p>0.05).Conclusion:A bout of

关键词： Augmentation index Central systolic blood pressure Diabetes High-intensity interval exercise

Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment(CAMSA):Validity, objectivity, and reliability evidence for children 8–12 years of age

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第2期6卷 231-240页

作者： Patricia E.Longmuir Charles Boyer Meghann Lloyd Michael M.Borghese Emily Knight Travis J.Saunders Elena Boiarskaia Weimo Zhu Mark S.Tremblay Healthy Active Living and obesity Research group Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa Ontario K1H 8L1 Canada Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and School of Human Kinetics University of Ottawa Ottawa K1H 8M5 Canada Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ontario Institute of Technology Oshawa L1H 7K4 Canada School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen 's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada Department of Applied Human Sciences University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to develop an assessment of the fundamental, combined, and complex movement skills required to support childhood physical literacy. The secondary aim was to establish the feasibility, objectivity, and reliability evidence for the ***: An expert advisory group recommended a course format for the assessment that would require children to complete a series of dynamic movement skills. Criterion-referenced skill performance and completion time were the recommended forms of evaluation. Children, 8–12 years of age, self-reported their age and gender and then completed the study assessments while attending local schools or day camps. Face validity was previously established through a Delphi expert(n = 19, 21% female) review process. Convergent validity was evaluated by age and gender associations with assessment performance. Inter-and intra-rater(n = 53, 34% female) objectivity and test–retest(n = 60, 47% female) reliability were assessed through repeated test ***: Median total score was 21 of 28 points(range 5–28). Median completion time was 17 s. Total scores were feasible for all 995 children who self-reported age and gender. Total score did not differ between inside and outside environments(95% confidence interval(CI) of difference:-0.7 to 0.6;p = 0.91) or with/without footwear(95%CI of difference:-2.5 to 1.9; p = 0.77). Older age(p < 0.001, η2= 0.15) and male gender(p < 0.001, η2= 0.02)were associated with a higher total score. Inter-rater objectivity evidence was excellent(intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) = 0.99) for completion time and substantial for skill score(ICC = 0.69) for 104 attempts by 53 children(34% female). Intra-rater objectivity was moderate(ICC = 0.52) for skill score and excellent for completion time(ICC = 0.99). Reliability was excellent for completion time over a short(2–4 days; ICC = 0.84) or long(8–14days; ICC = 0.82) interval. Skill score reliability was moderate(

关键词： Agility course Children Dynamic motor skill Locomotor skill Object manipulation Population assessment

Community-based obesity prevention initiatives in aboriginal communities: The experience of the eat well be active community programs in South Australia

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Health 2012年第12期4卷 1500-1508页

作者： Annabelle Wilson Michelle Jones Janet Kelly Anthea Magarey Health Care Management Flinders University of South Australia Adelaide Australia Nutrition and Dietetics Flinders University of South Australia Adelaide Australia obesity Prevention and Lifestyle Health Promotion Branch SA Health Government of South Australia Adelaide Australia

Childhood obesity is a growing concern world-wide, and obesity rates are higher in certain groups in the developed world, including Australian Aboriginal people. Community-based obesity prevention interventions (CBOPI) can help to address obesity, however the approach of such programs to reach diverse groups, including Aboriginal people, must be considered. This paper considers one mainstream1 CBOPI, the eat well be active (ewba) Community Programs in South Australia, which was delivered in two communities and sought to reach Aboriginal people as part of the overall program. This paper considers how well this approach was received by the Aboriginal people living and working in those communities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine Aboriginal workers who had some connection to the ewba program, and seven ewba project staff. Qualitative data analysis was performed and factors found to affect how well the program was received by Aboriginal people include relationships, approach and project target group, including geographical area. A different response was observed in the two communities, with a more positive response being observed in the community where more relationships were developed between ewba and Aboriginal staff. For any CBOPI seeking to work with Aboriginal (or other Indigenous) communities, it is vital to consider and plan how the program will meet the needs and preferences of Aboriginal people in all stages of the project, in order to reach this group.

关键词： obesity Prevention Aboriginal Community-Based Intervention Indigenous Qualitative

Hydroxycitric acid does not promote inflammation or liver toxicity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第44期19卷 8160-8162页

作者： Dallas L Clouatre Harry G Preuss Glykon Technologies group LLC SeattleWA 98109 United States Department of Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC 20057 United States

Garcinia cambogia extract(GC)with its active component consisting of hydroxycitric acid(HCA)is widely utilized for weight *** HCA salts are available,including calcium,magnesium,potassium and mixtures of ***,these salts exhibit different properties with some,but not all,improving glucose tolerance and blood ***,obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet(HFD,45 kcal%fat)with or without GC(1%,w/w)for 16 *** active arm reduced visceral fat,adipocyte size and serum glucose,yet purportedly also exhibited hepatic collagen accumulation,lipid peroxidation and increased mRNA levels of genes related to oxidative *** latter findings are at odds with a large body of animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and efficacy of *** literature shows HCA to be protective against the liver toxicity associated with ethanol and dexamethasone administration,and to maintain serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase at near normal *** both animal and clinical literature,elevated intakes of HCA per se have not led to signs of inflammation or *** compound has been found to reduce markers of inflammation in brain,intestines,kidney and serum.

关键词： Garcinia cambogia Hepatic collagen Hepatic inflammation Hepatic oxidative stress Hydroxycitric acid Metabolic syndrome Tumor necrosis factor-α Weight loss

营养素度量法的应用:慢性疾病预防饮食中的潜在角色以及核心营养素度量体系的可行性

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营养健康新观察 2014年第1期 37-38页

作者： G Sacks M Rayner L Stockley P Scarborough W Snowdon B Swinburn 刘轶群 Deakin Population Health Deakin University British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research group Department of Public HealthUniversity of Oxford Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of obesity and Non-communicable Diseases(C-POND) Fiji School of Medicine

背景/目的:大量不同的营养素度量模型被提出但只有少量营养素度量法的应用被评估验证。本论文旨在描述营养素度量法的应用在慢性疾病饮食(DRCD)中的潜在角色,以及考虑核心营养素度量体系的可行性,哪一个可以被改进从而加强特定国家中多... 详细信息

背景/目的:大量不同的营养素度量模型被提出但只有少量营养素度量法的应用被评估验证。本论文旨在描述营养素度量法的应用在慢性疾病饮食(DRCD)中的潜在角色,以及考虑核心营养素度量体系的可行性,哪一个可以被改进从而加强特定国家中多重潜在应用的基础。方法:市场营销中的4‘P'(产品、促销、地点和价格)被作为一个框架去识别和区分营养素度量法的潜在应用。逻辑通路的提出可被适用于评估营养素度量干预对行为改变、饮食改变以及慢病饮食效果改变的潜在影响。核心营养素度量体系的可行性可用于评估不同模型设计策略的影响以及不同目的的适宜性。结果和结论:使用营养素度量法作为干预慢病饮食策略的一部分具有巨大的空间。核心营养素度量体系作为各种应用的基础是可以减少差异以及缩小监管机构、制造商和消费者的混乱。并且它作为公共元素并被合并为核心体系的一部分也是可行的,例如,标准评分法、营养素的核心体系、食物成分和清晰的食物分类,以及额外的专用标准应用。无论如何,在一个系统的发展和实施过程中需要与几个特定国家的背景和技术性因素相协调。

关键词：营养素度量法慢性疾病饮食应用

Regional fat distribution changes with aging in Caucasian,African-American and Asian women

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生殖医学杂志 2007年第A1期16卷 66-73页

作者：孙爱军 Dympna Gallagher Richard N.Pierson Jr Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Peking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College obesity Research Center St.Luke's-Roosevelt HospitalInstitute of Human NutritionCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew York 10025USA

Background:A central pattern of fat distribution in postmenopausal women is regarded as a contributor to the increased risk of developing cardiovascular *** ethnicity and occurrence of menopause appear to influence regional fat *** the influence of ethnicity has been ***:The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that centralized fat distribution is influenced by ethnic ***,we hypothesize that the menopause-related changes in central adiposity in Caucasian,African-American and Asian women occur at different ***:Total and regional body fat ratios were measured by whole body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)in a cross-sectional study using a general linear regression *** adjustment for age,weight,height,and total body fat,the android and gynoid fat compartments,and the ratio of trunk/leg fat,were ***:Four hundred and forty-four women(227 Caucasian(Ca),128 African-American(AA)and 89 Asian(As))aged 18-94 y were *** was significantly(Pgroup,regional and total body fat levels,and especially android adiposity,were higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal ***,the postmenopausal difference in android fat in Ca was found significant(Pgroup.

关键词：亚洲女性分布状况白种人

Metformin treatment of high-fat diet-fed obese male mice restores sperm function and fetal growth,without requiring weight loss

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 560-568页

作者： Nicole O McPherson Michelle Lane Robinson Research Institute School of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Repromed Dulwich 5065Australia Monash IVF group Melbourne 3000Australia.

Male obesity is associated with subfertility and increased disease risk of *** is unknown if effects can be reversed through pharmacological ***-to 6-week-old C57BL6 male mice were fed control diet(n=10,CD)or high-fat diet(n=20,HFD)for 16 *** fed with a HFD were then allocated to continuation of HFD(n=8)or HFD with metformin 28 mg kg1 day-1(n=8)for 6 *** fed with CD continued on a CD(n=9).Males were mated with fertile C57BL6 females for the assessment of pregnancy and fetal *** motility,spermatozoa and testicular morphology,sperm-zona pellucida binding,sperm reactive oxygen species(ROS)(intracellular[DCFDA],superoxide[MSR],and oxidative DNA lesions[8OHdG]),and mitochondrial membrane potential(JC1)were *** treatment of HFD males improved glucose toleranee(+12%,P<0.05)and reduced Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR;-36%,P<0.05).This occurred in the absenee of a change in body weight or *** treatment of HFD-fed males restored testicular morphology(+33%,P<0.05),sperm motility(+66%,P<0.05),sperm-zona pellucida binding(+25%,P<0.05),sperm intracellular ROS concentrations(-32%,P<0.05),and oxidative DNA lesions(-45%,P<0.05)to the levels of the CD *** treatment of HFD fathers increased fetal weights and lengths compared with those born to HFD fathers(+8%,P<0.05),with fetal lengths restored to those of fetuses of CD ***-term metformin treatment in men who are obese could be a potential intervention for the treatment of subfertility,without the need for a reduction in body weight/adiposity.

关键词： fertility glucose metabolic syndrome overweight subfertility