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Spatial variability of soil organic carbon stock in an olive orchard at catchment scale in Southern Spain

International Soil and Water Conservation research 2023年第2期11卷 311-326页

作者： Jose A.Gòmez Gema Guzmán Tom Vanwalleghem Karl Vanderlinden Institute for Sustainable Agriculture.Spanish national research council(IAS-CSIC) Alameda del Obispo S/N14004CordobaSpain Department of Agronomy University of CordobaCampus de Rabanales14071CordobaSpain Centro IFAPA Alameda del Obispo 14004CordobaSpain

Orchards have a high potential for carbon ***,little research is available on the spatial variability at catchment scale and on the difference between the tree area and the *** analyzed theik spatial variability of soil organic carbon stock,SOCstock at 90 cm depth in an 8-ha catchment in Southern Spain with olives on a vertic *** showed higher soil organic carbon concentration,SOC,in the tree area as compared to the lane up to 60 cm depth,but its impact on SOCstock was negligible since it was compensated by the higher soil bulk density in the *** at different depths was correlated with that in the top 0-5 *** overall SOCstock of the orchard was 4.14 kg m^(-2),ranging between 1.8 and 6.0 kg m^(-2).This SOCstock is in the mid-lower range of values reported for olive orchards,measured at smaller scale,and similar to those other intensive field crops and agroforestry under comparable rainfall *** spatial variability in SOCstock was correlated to several geomorphological variables:elevation,cumulative upstream area,topographic wetness index,sediment transport index,and tillage *** in SOC and SOCstock are driven by the sediment redis-tribution downslope,mainly by tillage erosion,and higher soil water availability in lower areas allowing higher biomass *** topographic indexes and the correlation between SOC in the topsoil and SOCstock up to 90 cm should be further explored in other typology of olive orchards for facilitating the mapping of SOC_(stock).

关键词： Carbon sequestration Mediterraneancrops Catchment Spatial variability Vertic soils

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Honeycomb-like polyaniline for flexible and folding all-solid-state supercapacitors

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2019年第2期13卷 133-144页

作者： Ge JU Muhammad Arif KHAN Huiwen ZHENG Zhongxun AN Mingxia WU Hongbin ZHAO Jiaqiang XU Lei ZHANG Salma BILAL Jiujun ZHANG NEST Lab Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai 200444China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China national Engineering research Center for Supercapacitor for Vehicles Shanghai AOWEI Technology Development Co. Ltd. Shanghai 201203 China Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation National Research Council of Canada 4250 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver Canada national Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar 25120 Peshawar Pakistan Institute of Sustainable Energy Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China

Porous polyaniline (PANI) was prepared through an efficient and costeffective method by polymerization of aniline in the NaCl solution at room temperature. The resulting PANI provided large surface area due to its highly porous structure and the intercrossed nanorod, resulting in good electrochemical performance. The porous PANI electrodes showed a high specific capacitance of 480 F·g^-1, 3 times greater than that of PANI without using the NaCl solution. We also make chemically crosslinked hydrogel film for hydrogel polymer electrolyte as well as the flexible supercapacitors (SCs) with PANI. The specific capacitance of the device was 234 F·g^-1 at the current density of 1 A·g^-1. The energy density of the device could reach as high as 75 W·h·kg^-1 while the power density was 0.5 kW·kg^-1, indicating that PANI be a promising material in flexible SCs.

关键词： PANI honeycomb-like nanostructure all-solid-state SC electrochemical property

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Plasma density measurement and downstream etching of silicon and silicon oxide in Ar/NF3 mixture remote plasma source

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第6期21卷 52-57页

作者： H J YEOM D H CHOI Y S LEE J H KIM D J SEONG S J YOU H C LEE Korea research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea Department of Physics Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea

In this study,plasma density measurements were performed near the plume region of the remote plasma source (RPS) in Ar/NF3 gas mixtures using a microwave cutoff *** measured plasma density is in the range of 1010-1011 cm-3 in the discharge conditions with RPS powers of 2-4 kW and gas pressures of 0.87-4 *** plasma density decreased with increasing gas pressures and RPS powers under various Ar/NF3 mixing *** decrease in the plasma density measured at the fixed measurement position (plume region) can be understood by the reduction of the electron energy relaxation length with increases in the gas pressures and mixing ratio of NF3/(Ar/NF3).We also performed downstream etching of silicon and silicon oxide films in this *** etch rate of the silicon films significantly increases while the silicon oxide is slightly etched with the gas pressures and *** was also found that the etch rate strongly depends on the wafer position on the processing chamber electrode,and that the etch selectivity reached 96-131 in the discharge conditions of RF powers (3730-4180 W) and gas pressures (3.6-4 Torr).

关键词： remote plasma source electron density cutoff probe downstream etch

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Accelerated kinetics of alkaline hydrogen evolution/oxidation reactions on dispersed ruthenium sites through N and S dual coordination

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第3期65卷 611-618页

作者： Zhen Zhang Liwen Ni Haijun Liu Zhi-Liang Zhao Xiao-Zi Yuan Hui Li School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hydrogen EnergySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China research Center of Energy Mining and EnvironmentNational Research Council Canada4250 Wesbrook MallVancouver V6T1W5Canada

Efficient,robust and cost-effective electrocatalysts that catalyze hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction(HER/HOR)in alkaline media are highly ***,single-atom catalysts(SACs)have emerged as new promising candidates;however,the rational design of supports and the optimization of coordination environment between supports and metal atoms are *** this work,we successfully fabricate atomically dispersed ruthenium(Ru)species,which are strongly coordinated by N and S dual heteroatoms on holey graphene(RuSA/NSG),as an excellent bifunctional catalyst for HER/*** alkaline media,the developed catalyst exhibits high catalytic performance with a low overpotential of 57.3 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm^(-1) for HER,and its mass activity is about 5.8 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C and Ru/C catalysts at an overpotential of 100 ***,considerable HOR performance of Ru SA/NSG is verified to be superior to Pt/C and Ru/***,X-ray-based spectroscopy measurements and density-functional theory calculations have confirmed that,compared with Ru–N_(4),the tailored Ru–N_(4)–S_(2) with nearby S dopants can act as more active centers to greatly accelerate the sluggish HER/HOR kinetics in alkaline *** present work provides a new atomic-level engineering strategy to modulate catalytic activities of SACs via the coordination design using dual heteroatoms on the carbon support.

关键词： single-atom catalyst ruthenium hydrogen evolution reaction hydrogen oxidation reaction density-functional theory

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Deep Learning,Feature Learning,and Clustering Analysis for SEM Image Classification

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Data Intelligence 2020年第4期2卷 513-528页

作者： Rossella Aversa Piero Coronica Cristiano De Nobili Stefano Cozzini national research council-Istituto Officina dei Materiali(CNR-IOM) 34136 TriesteItaly KIT-Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany research Software Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FAUK Freelance at *** Area Science Park Padriciano 9934149 TriesteItaly

In this paper,we report upon our recent work aimed at improving and adapting machine learning algorithms to automatically classify nanoscience images acquired by the Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).This is done by coupling supervised and unsupervised learning *** first investigate supervised learning on a ten-category data set of images and compare the performance of the different models in terms of training ***,we reduce the dimensionality of the features through autoencoders to perform unsupervised learning on a subset of images in a selected range of scales(from 1μm to 2μm).Finally,we compare different clustering methods to uncover intrinsic structures in the images.

关键词： Neural networks Feature learning Clustering analysis Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) Image classification

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Dramatic femtosecond nonlinear absorption at a strongly coupled porphyrin-graphene nanoconjugate

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Nano research 2023年第4期16卷 5900-5908页

作者： Lulu Fu Yan Fang Zihao Guan Zhiyuan Wei Rui Yang Naying Shan Fang Liu Yang Zhao Mingfei Zhang Zhipeng Huang Mark GHumphrey Chi Zhang China-Australia Joint research Center for Functional Molecular Materials School of Chemical Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China United World College Changshu 215500China research School of Chemistry Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia

Edge-functionalization of graphene is emerging as a powerful chemical method for the construction ofπ-delocalized highlyplanar graphene nanoconjugates that are not accessible through surface-supported ***,a graphene-porphyrin nanoconjugate via a robust pyrazine(pz)linkage has been obtained by condensing 2,3-diamino-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin(DA-TPP)with ortho-quinone(o-quinone)moieties at edge sites of graphene oxide(GO).The as-prepared GO-pz-TPP exhibits an intense absorption extending from 375 to 900 nm and a high quenching yield(98%)of fluorescence,indicating a strong electronic coupling effect between GO and TPP ***-pz-TPP displays strong nonlinear optical(NLO)absorption and giant NLO coefficients with 800 and 1,030 nm fs laser,in sharp contrast to traditional graphene-porphyrin nanohybrids only NLO-active towards ns *** a dramatic NLO performance towards femtosecond pulsed laser has not been achieved in any carbonchromophores nanohybridized materials to *** work validates theπ-extended edge-functionalization strategy as a means to tune the NLO properties of graphene,thereby providing a new paradigm for the assembly of versatile optoelectronic materials.

关键词： graphene oxide porphyrin nanoconjugate femtosecond nonlinear optics

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Anti-malaria drug artesunate protects bronchial epithelium from DNA damage induced by asthma

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2015年第S1期29卷 25-26页

作者： TzeKheeCHAN WNFeliciaTAN BevinPENGELWARD WSFredWONG Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine national University Health System Singapore Immunology program Life Science Institute national University of Singapore Interdisciplinary research Group in Infectious Diseases Singapore-MIT Alliance for research and Technology Singapore Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA

OBJECTIVE To investigate the genome protective effects of anti-malaria drug,artesunate in an experimental allergic asthma *** Mice were sensitized on day 0 and 7 and challenged on day 14 with 100μg house dust mite(HDM)via intratracheal ***(30mg·kg-1)was administered intra-peritoneally on day 6,7,8,13,14 and *** were collected on day 1,3 and 5 post last HDM-challenge for analysis of air way inflammation and DNA *** sections were immunofluorescence(IF)-stained for DNA double strand breaks(DSBs)markers,γH2AX and *** of DNA repair proteins Ku70 and Rad51,which are involved in non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)and homologous recombination(HR)DNA DSB repair pathways respectively,were *** quantify cell death in asthmatic lung,TUNEL staining was *** assay,a single cell gel electrophoresis was employed to detect DNA damage induced by HDM in BEAS-2Bhuman bronchial epithelial cell line,in *** Artesunate treatment significantly reduces immune cells infiltration in BAL fluid of asthmatic mice,collected on day 3 and 5 ***,artesuante is able to protect bronchial epithelium from DNA DSBs induced by asthma,as detected by the reduced level of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci formation in the *** genome protective effect is evident even on day 1 post-challenge,when immune cells infiltration remained *** indicates that artesunate confers protection on bronchial epithelium in the presence of ***,artesunate is also able to reduce cell death in asthmatic lung revealed by TUNEL assay and cleaved caspase 3 ***,the levels of DNA repair proteins in artesuante-treated asthmatic mice are unchanged as compared to HDM-only mice,suggesting that artesunate treatment does not augment the level of DNA repair *** human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2 Bcells were exposed to HDMin vitro,we observed an increase in the levels of DNA ***(60μ

关键词： artesunate HDM asthma DNA damage cell death comet

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Effect of retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions on the thermal/electrical properties and resistance spot welding nuggets of Si-containing TRIP steels

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第1期26卷 52-63页

作者： V.H.Vargas I.Mejía V.H.Baltazar-Hernández C.Maldonado Metallurgy and Materials research Institute Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Edificio "U" Ciudad Universitaria Materials Science and Engineering program Autonomous University of Zacatecas

Five advanced high-strength transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP) steels with different chemical compositions were studied to correlate the retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusion content with their physical properties and the characteristics of the resistance spot welding nuggets. Electrical and thermal properties and equilibrium phases of TRIP steels were predicted using the JMatPro? software. Retained austenite and nonmetallic inclusions were quantified by X-ray diffraction and saturation magnetization techniques. The nonmetallic inclusions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the contents of Si, C, Al, and Mn in TRIP steels increase both the retained austenite and the nonmetallic inclusion contents. We found that nonmetallic inclusions affect the thermal and electrical properties of the TRIP steels and that the differences between these properties tend to result in different cooling rates during the welding process. The results are discussed in terms of the electrical and thermal properties determined from the chemical composition and their impact on the resistance spot welding nuggets.

关键词： transformation-induced plasticity steel retained austenite non-metallic inclusions magnetic saturation electrical properties thermal properties resistance spot welding nugget

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Nanofibrous polypeptide hydrogels with collagen-like structure as biomimetic extracellular matrix

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Collagen and Leather 2023年第2期5卷 81-93页

作者： Chengkun Zhao Xing Li Shaoquan Bian Weinan Zeng Alfredo Ronca Ugo D'Amora Maria Grazia Raucci Jie Liang Yong Sun Qing Jiang Yujiang Fan Luigi Ambrosio Xingdong Zhang national Engineering research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University29#Wangjiang RoadChengdu 610064People's Republic of China College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan University29#Wangjiang RoadChengdu 610064People's Republic of China Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055People's Republic of China Orthopedic research Institution Department of OrthopedicsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041People's Republic of China Institute of Polymers Composites and BiomaterialsNational Research Council80125 NaplesItaly

Supramolecular peptides exhibit obvious similarities with collagen fibers in terms of self-assembly characteristics,nanofibrous structure,and responsiveness to external ***,a series of supramolecular peptides were developed by altering the amino acid sequence,enabling the self-assembly of three types of 4-biphenylacetic acid(BPAA)-tripeptides into fibrous hydrogel through hydrogen bonding and n-n stacking under the influence of ion *** electron and scanning electron microscopies revealed that the diameter of the fiber within nanofibrous hydrogels was~10 and~40 nm,respectively,which was similar with the self-assembled collagen *** this reason,these hydrogels could be considered as a biomimetic extracellular ***,the gelation concentration induced by ions was even lower than 0.66 wt%,with an elastic modulus of~0.27 kPa,corresponding to a water content of 99.34 wt%.In addition,the three supramolecular hydrogels were found to be good substrates for L929 cell adhesion and MC-3T3 cell *** overall results implied that BPAA-based hydrogels have a lucrative application potential as cell carriers.

关键词： Collagen-like Supramolecular peptides Nanofibrous hydrogel Ion-induction Biomimetic extracellular matrix

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Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles modulate macrophage polarization and enhance angio-osteogenesis to promote bone healing

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 841-844页

作者： Shang Jiunn Chuah Chee Weng Yong Kristeen Ye Wen Teo Jacob Ren Jie Chew Yi Ann Cheow Shipin Zhang Raymond Chung Wen Wong Asher Ah Tong Lim Sai Kiang Lim Wei Seong Toh Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore119085Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research138648Singapore Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore119288Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringNational University of Singapore117583Singapore Tissue Engineering program Life Sciences InstituteNational University of Singapore117456Singapore Integrative Sciences and Engineering program NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of Singapore119077Singapore

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells(MSCs)have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for bone regeneration in animal and clinical *** MSCs were initially thought to differentiate to various cell types to replace the injured/diseased tissue,it is now accepted that these cells secrete factors to promote tissue repair.1 Among these factors,small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)of size 50–200 nm,which include the exosomes,have been identified as the principal agent mediating the wide-ranging therapeutic efficacy of MSCs.2 Several studies have also reported the therapeutic effects of MSC-sEVs to enhance bone repair in animal models,as recently reviewed.3 However,the cellular processes and mechanisms mediated by MSC-sEVs in bone regeneration remain to be fully elucidated.

关键词： healing clinical macrophage

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