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Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation:anti-inflammatory effects in the brain

Neural Regeneration research 2024年第8期19卷 1671-1677页

作者： Yolanda Diz-Chaves Zainab Maastor Carlos Spuch José Antonio Lamas Lucas C.González-Matías Federico Mallo Biomedical research Centre(CINBIO) Laboratory of EndocrinologyUniversity of VigoGalicia Sur Health Research InstituteVigoSpain Translational Neuroscience research Group Galicia Sur Health Research InstituteCIBERSAMHospitalÁlvaro CunqueiroSala InvestigaciónEstrada Clara CampoamorVigoSpain Biomedical research Centre(CINBIO) Laboratory of NeuroscienceUniversity of VigoGalicia Sur Health Research InstituteVigoSpain

The glucagon-like peptide 1 is a pleiotropic hormone that has potent insulinotropic effects and is key in treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.Glucagon-like peptide 1 exerts its effects by activating a membrane receptor identified in many tissues,including diffe rent brain regions.Glucagon-like peptide 1 activates several signaling pathways related to neuroprotection,like the support of cell growth/survival,enhancement promotion of synapse formation,autophagy,and inhibition of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines,microglial activation,and apoptosis during neural morphogenesis.The glial cells,including astrocytes and microglia,maintain metabolic homeostasis and defe nse against pathogens in the central nervous system.After brain insult,microglia are the first cells to respond,followed by reactive astrocytosis.These activated cells produce proinflammato ry mediators like cytokines or chemokines to react to the insult.Furthermore,under these circumstances,mic roglia can become chro nically inflammatory by losing their homeostatic molecular signature and,consequently,their functions during many diseases.Several processes promote the development of neurological disorders and influence their pathological evolution:like the formation of protein aggregates,the accumulation of abnormally modified cellular constituents,the formation and release by injured neurons or synapses of molecules that can dampen neural function,and,of critical impo rtance,the dysregulation of inflammato ry control mechanisms.The glucagonlike peptide 1 receptor agonist emerges as a critical tool in treating brain-related inflammatory pathologies,restoring brain cell homeostasis under inflammatory conditions,modulating mic roglia activity,and decreasing the inflammato ry response.This review summarizes recent advances linked to the anti-inflammato ry prope rties of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation in the brain related to multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,vascular dementia,or chronic migrai

关键词： astrocytes brain glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor inflammation microglia

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Vault RNAs(vtRNAs):Rediscovered non-coding RNAs with diverse physiological and pathological activities

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 772-787页

作者： Mahsa Aghajani Mir Deputy of research and Technology Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabol 47176-4774Iran

The physicochemical characteristics of RNA admit non-coding RNAs to perform a different range of biological acts through various mechanisms and are involved in regulating a diversity of fundamental processes.Notably,some reports of pathological conditions have proved abnormal expression of many non-coding RNAs guides the ailment.Vault RNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs containing stem regions or loops with well-conserved sequence patterns that play a fundamental role in the function of vault particles through RNA-ligand,RNA–RNA,or RNA-protein interactions.Taken together,vault RNAs have been proposed to be involved in a variety of functions such as cell proliferation,nucleocytoplasmic transport,intracellular detoxification processes,multidrug resistance,apoptosis,and autophagy,and serve as microRNA precursors and signaling pathways.Despite decades of investigations devoted,the biological function of the vault particle or the vault RNAs is not yet completely cleared.In this review,the current scientific assertions of the vital vault RNAs functions were discussed.

关键词： ncRNA Vault complex Vault RNA vtRNA viral infection tumorigenesis

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The current situation of semen analysis in China,based on a survey of 296 laboratories

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第2期26卷 220-221页

作者： Long-Long Fu Ying Liu Xiao-Wei Wang Fang Zhou Ying Guo Wen-Hong Lu Yi-Qun Gu National health Commission Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive health Reproductive Health Research CenterNational Research Institute for Family PlanningBeijing 100081China institute of Pediatric research Children's Hospitalof Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025China

Dear Editor,Semen analysis is a basic test to assess male fertility and is a fundamental test in assisted reproductive technology.From the first publication of World health Organization(WHO)Laboratory Manual of Human Semen and Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction in 1980,to the publication of the WHO Manual,6th edition in 2021,these 40 years have been recognized as providing a global standard that is widely used in research and clinical laboratories worldwide.The WHO Manual,6th edition in Chinese,which we have been authorized by the WHO to translate,will be published soon.

关键词： technology. analysis translate

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Organic thin-film transistors and related devices in life and health monitoring

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Nano research 2024年第2期17卷 426-444页

作者： Chenfang Sun Tie Wang Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging Life and Health Intelligent Research InstituteTianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China

The early determination of disease-related biomarkers can significantly improve the survival rate of patients.Thus,a series of explorations for new diagnosis technologies,such as optical and electrochemical methods,have been devoted to life and health monitoring.Organic thin-film transistor(OTFT),as a state-of-the-art nano-sensing technology,has attracted significant attention from construction to application owing to the merits of being label-free,low-cost,facial,and rapid detection with multi-parameter responses.Nevertheless,interference from non-specific adsorption is inevitable in complex biological samples such as body liquid and exhaled gas,so the reliability and accuracy of the biosensor need to be further improved while ensuring sensitivity,selectivity,and stability.Herein,we overviewed the composition,mechanism,and construction strategies of OTFTs for the practical determination of disease-related biomarkers in both body fluids and exhaled gas.The results show that the realization of bio-inspired applications will come true with the rapid development of high-effective OTFTs and related devices.

关键词： organic thin-film transistors biosensors biomarkers organic bioelectronics organic semiconductors healthcare

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Small mammal community composition impacts bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) population dynamics and associated seroprevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 52-65页

作者： Felicitas Maria BUJNOCH Daniela REIL Stephan DREWES Ulrike MROSENFELD Rainer G.ULRICH Jens JACOB Christian IMHOLT Julius Kühn-institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsRodent ResearchMünsterGermany University of Münster Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityMünsterGermany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious DiseasesGreifswald-Insel RiemsGermany

Rodents are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases in humans.Biodiversity is hypoth-esized to be closely related to pathogen prevalence through multiple direct and indirect pathways.For example,the presence of non-host species can reduce contact rates of the main reservoir host and thus reduce the risk of transmission(“dilution effect”).In addition,an overlap in ecological niches between two species could lead to increased interspecific competition,potentially limiting host densities and reducing density-dependent pathogen transmission processes.In this study,we investigated the relative impact of population-level regulation of direct and indirect drivers of the prevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus(PUUV)in bank voles(Clethrionomys glareolus)during years with high abundance.We compiled data on small mammal community composition from four regions in Germany between 2010 and 2013.Structural equation modeling revealed a strong seasonality in PUUV control mechanisms in bank voles.The abundance of shrews tended to have a negative relationship with host abundance,and host abundance positively influenced PUUV seroprevalence,while at the same time increasing the abundance of competing non-hosts like the wood mouse(Apodemus sylvaticus)and the yellow-neckedfield mouse(Apodemusflavicollis)were associated with reduced PUUV seroprevalence in the host.These results indicate that for PUUV in bank voles,dilution is associated with increased interspecific competition.Anthropogenic pressures leading to the decline of Apodemus spp.in a specific habitat could lead to the amplification of mechanisms promoting PUUV transmission within the host populations.

关键词： bank vole biodiversity Puumala orthohantavirus small mammals

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SIRT2 as a potential new therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第1期19卷 124-131页

作者： Noemi Sola-Sevilla Elena Puerta Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of NavarraNavarra Institute for Health Research(IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia globally with an increasing incidence over the years,bringing a heavy burden to individuals and society due to the lack of an effective treatment.In this context,sirtuin 2,the sirtuin with the highest expression in the brain,has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.This review summarizes and discusses the complex roles of sirtuin 2 in different molecular mechanisms involved in Alzheimer's disease such as amyloid and tau pathology,microtubule stability,neuroinflammation,myelin formation,autophagy,and oxidative stress.The role of sirtuin 2 in all these processes highlights its potential implication in the etiology and development of Alzheimer's disease.However,its presence in different cell types and its enormous variety of substrates leads to apparently contra dictory conclusions when it comes to understanding its specific functions.Further studies in sirtuin 2 research with selective sirtuin2 modulators targeting specific sirtuin 2 substrates are necessary to clarify its specific functions under different conditions and to validate it as a novel pharmacological target.This will contribute to the development of new treatment strategies,not only for Alzheimer's disease but also for other neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyloid autophagy memory neurodegenerative diseases neuroinflammation sirtuin 2 tau

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Nutritional epigenetics education improves diet and attitude of parents of children with autism or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 159-178页

作者： Renee J Dufault Katherine M Adler David O Carpenter Steven G Gilbert Raquel A Crider College of Graduate health Studies A.T.Still UniversityKirksvilleMO 63501United States Department of research Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States Department of health Sciences University of New HavenWest HavenCT 06516United States institute for health and the Environment School of Public HealthState University of New YorkAlbanyNY 12222United States Department of research Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological DisordersSeattleWA 98105United States Department of Statistics Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States

BACKGROUND Unhealthy maternal diet leads to heavy metal exposures from the consumption of ultra-processed foods that may impact gene behavior across generations,creating conditions for the neurodevelopmental disorders known as autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Children with these disorders have difficulty metabolizing and excreting heavy metals from their bloodstream,and the severity of their symptoms correlates with the heavy metal levels measured in their blood.Psychiatrists may play a key role in helping parents reduce their ultra-processed food and dietary heavy metal intake by providing access to effective nutritional epigenetics education.AIM To test the efficacy of nutritional epigenetics instruction in reducing parental ultra-processed food intake.METHODS The study utilized a semi-randomized test and control group pretest-posttest pilot study design with participants recruited from parents having a learning-disabled child with autism or ADHD.Twenty-two parents who met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected to serve in the test(n=11)or control(n=11)group.The test group participated in the six-week online nutritional epigenetics tutorial,while the control group did not.The efficacy of the nutritional epigenetics instruction was determined by measuring changes in parent diet and attitude using data derived from an online diet survey administered to the participants during the pre and post intervention periods.Diet intake scores were derived for both ultra-processed and whole/organic foods.Paired sample t-tests were conducted to determine any differences in mean diet scores within each group.RESULTS There was a significant difference in the diet scores of the test group between the pre-and post-intervention periods.The parents in the test group significantly reduced their intake of ultra-processed foods with a preintervention diet score of 70(mean=5.385,SD=2.534)and a post-intervention diet score of 113(mean=8.692,SD=1.750)and the paired t-test analysis showing a significance of

关键词： Epigenomics Parenteral nutrition Autism Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Ultra-processed foods Heavy metals

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Pushing the frontiers: Chip-based detection based on micro-and nano-structures

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 86-98页

作者： Meihui Liu Xinyuan Zhou Xiao Li Zhenjie Xue Tie Wang Tianjin Key Laboratory of Life and health Detection Life and Health Intelligent Research InstituteTianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China

Changes in trace substances in human metabolites, which are related to disease processes and health status, can serve as chemical markers for disease diagnosis and symptom monitoring. Real-time online detection is an inevitable trend for the future of health monitoring, and the construction of chips for detection faces major challenges. The response of sensors often fails to meet the requirements for chipbased detection of trace substances due to the low efficiency of interfacial heterogeneous reactions, necessitating a rational design approach for micro-and nano-structures to improve sensor performance with respect to sensitivity and detection limits. This review focuses on the influence of micro-and nanostructures that used in chip on sensing. Firstly, this review categorizes sensors into chemiresistors, electrochemical sensors, fluorescence sensors, and surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) sensors based on their sensing principle, which have significant applications in disease diagnosis. Subsequently, commencing from the application requirements in the field of sensing, this review focuses on the different structures of nanoparticle(NP) assemblies, including wire, layered, core-shell, hollow, concave and deformable structures. These structures change in the size, shape, and morphology of conventional structures to achieve characteristics such as ordered alignment, high specific surface area, space limitation,vertical diffusion, and swaying behavior with fluid, thereby addressing issues such as poor signal transmission efficiency, inadequate adsorption and capture capacity, and slow mass transfer speed during sensing. Finally, the design direction of micro-and nano-structures, and possible obstacles and solutions to promote chip-based detection have been discussed. It is hope that this article will inspire the exploration of interface micro-and nano-structures modulated sensing methods.

关键词： Chip-based detection Micro-and nano-structures Real-time online detection Sensing health monitoring

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Physical activity and amyloid beta in middle-aged and older adults:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第2期13卷 133-144页

作者： María Rodriguez-Ayllon Patricio Solis-Urra Cristina Arroyo-ávila Miriam álvarez-Ortega Pablo Molina-García Cristina Molina-Hidalgo Manuel Gómez-Río Belinda Brown Kirk I.Erickson Irene Esteban-Cornejo Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamGD 3015the Netherlands Department of Physical Education and Sports Faculty of Sport SciencesSport and Health University Research Institute(iMUDS)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Faculty of Education and Social Sciences Universidad Andres BelloVina del Mar 2531015Chile Department of Nuclear Medicine Virgen de las Nieves University HospitalInstitute of Biosanitary Research of Granada(IBS)Granada 18014Spain Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service Virgen de las Nieves University HospitalInstitute of Biosanitary Research of Granada(IBS)Granada 18014Spain Department of Psychology University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15260USA Centre for healthy Ageing Health Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia School of Medical and health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia Advent health research institute Neuroscience Institute OrlandoOrlandoFL 32803USA Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition research Center(CIBERobn) Institute of Health Carlos Ⅲ(ISCⅢ)Madrid 28029Spain

Background:One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta(Aβ).Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk,and one potential path could be through Aβlevels modulation.We aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and Aβin middle-aged and older adults.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,PsycINFO,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and SPORTDiscus was performed from inception to April 28,2022.Studies were eligible if they included physical activity and Aβdata in adults aged 45 years or older.Multi-level metaanalyses of intervention and observational studies were performed to examine the role of physical activity in modulating Aβlevels.Results:In total,37 articles were included(8 randomized controlled trials,3 non-randomized controlled trials,4 prospective longitudinal studies,and 22 cross-sectional studies).The overall effect size of physical activity interventions on changes in blood Aβwas medium(pooled standardized mean difference=-0.69,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.41 to 0.03;I^(2)=74.6%).However,these results were not statistically significant,and there were not enough studies to explore the effects of physical activity on cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and brain Aβ.Data from observational studies were examined based on measurements of Aβin the brain using positron emission tomography scans,CSF,and blood.Higher physical activity was positively associated with Aβonly in the CSF(Estimate r=0.12;95%CI:0.05-0.18;I^(2)=38.00%).Conclusion:Physical activity might moderately reduce blood Aβin middle-aged and older adults.However,results were only near statistical significance and might be interpreted with caution given the methodological limitations observed in some of the included studies.In observational studies,higher levels of physical activity were positively associated with Aβonly in CSF.Therefore,further research is needed to understand the modulating role of physical act

关键词： Aging Cognitive impairment Dementia Exercise PET

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Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework for researchers and practitioners

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 87-107页

作者： Giovanna MASSEI Jens JACOB Lyn A.HINDS Botstiber institute for Wildlife Fertility Control Department of Environment and GeographyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK Rodent research Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsJulius Kühn–Institute(JKI)Federal Research Institute for Cultivated PlantsMünsterGermany CSIRO health and Biosecurity CanberraACTAustralia

Fertility control is often heralded as a humane and effective technique for management of overabundant wildlife,including rodents.The intention is to reduce the use of lethal and inhumane methods,increase farm productivity and food security as well as reduce disease transmission,particularly of zoonoses.We developed a framework to guide researchers and stakeholders planning to assess the effectiveness of a potential contraceptive agent for a particular species.Our guidelines describe the overarching research questions which must be sequentially addressed to ensure adequate data are collected so that a contraceptive can be registered for use in broad-scale rodent management.The framework indicates that studies should be undertaken iteratively and,at times,in parallel,with initial research being conducted on(1)laboratory-based captive assessments of contraceptive effects in individuals;(2)simulation of contraceptive delivery using bait markers and/or surgical sterilization of different proportions of afield-based or enclosure population to determine how population dynamics are affected;(3)development of mathematical models which predict the outcomes of different fertility control scenarios;and(4)implementation of large-scale,replicated trials to validate contraceptive efficacy under various management-scalefield situations.In some circumstances,fertility control may be most effective when integrated with other methods(e.***.some culling).Assessment of non-target effects,direct and indirect,and the environmental fate of the contraceptive must also be determined.Developing fertility control for a species is a resource-intensive commitment but will likely be less costly than the ongoing environmental and economic impacts by rodents and rodenticides in many contexts.

关键词： captive studies field applications modeling oral contraceptive delivery population management rodents

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