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Analytical and Observational Investigation of Colors Effects on Drag Reduction in Penguins

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第4期19卷 1036-1053页

作者： Grace Tenorio Anna Zagrai William Allen Mostafa Hassanalian Department of Mechanical Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA Cottonwood Valley charter school SocorroNM87801USA Depertment of Biosciences Swansea UniversitySwanseaSA28PPUK

All 18 extant species of penguin are strongly countershaded,having dark dorsal and light ventral *** this paper,the thermal effects of this body color in penguins are investigated through analytical and observational ***,a thermal analysis that takes into account the environmental characteristics of penguins’habitats,fluxes,and morphology is used to analytically calculate penguin dorsal surface ***,a turbulent analytical solution for a heated boundary layer over a flat plate is applied to show that the dark color on the top of the penguins’bodies is very effective at skin drag *** verify this result,a 2D model penguin is computationally analyzed at different temperatures,confirming in principle underwater skin drag reduction through color-based surface warming with efficiency savings of up to 30%.Finally,to study how color-based increases in body surface temperatures are maintained through foraging dives,thermal cameras are used to measure the surface temperature of captive penguins before and after *** study shows conceptually that dark dorsal coloration in penguins could have a significant influence on in-water drag.

关键词： Animal coloration Drag Energy balance Irradiation Penguin Thermal imaging Skin friction

环腺苷二磷酸核糖(cADPR)的化学与生物学研究(英文)

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有机化学 1997年第1期17卷 43-46页

作者： CharlesJ.Sih Shini Yamada school of Pharmacy University of Wisconsin - Madison Madison WI 53706 425 N. Charter Street United States

通过立体选择环化βNAD实现了cADPR的生物模拟合成,并用这一方法合成了一系列cADPR类似物。类似物之一,cATP在鼠脑微粒体中释放Ca^(2+)的能力比cADPR强25倍。Aplysia环合酶和NAD酶皆可环合NADP^+而生成。cADPRP。cADPRP调节Ca^(2+)释放... 详细信息

通过立体选择环化βNAD实现了cADPR的生物模拟合成,并用这一方法合成了一系列cADPR类似物。类似物之一,cATP在鼠脑微粒体中释放Ca^(2+)的能力比cADPR强25倍。Aplysia环合酶和NAD酶皆可环合NADP^+而生成。cADPRP。cADPRP调节Ca^(2+)释放的能力比cADPR强2倍。用亲和柱方法,从鼠脑中分离得到了cADPR结合蛋白(36kDa)和cADPRP结合蛋白(40kDa)。

关键词： cADPR 结合蛋白化学生物学

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Deciphering “the language of nature”: A transformer-based language model for deleterious mutations in proteins

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The Innovation 2023年第5期4卷 47-58页

作者： Theodore T.Jiang Li Fang Kai Wang Raymond G.Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Palisades charter High school Pacific PalisadesCA 90272USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Genetics and Biomedical Informatics Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Various machine-learning models,including deep neural network models,have already been developed to predict deleteriousness of missense(non-synonymous)*** improvements to the current state of the art,however,may still benefit from a fresh look at the biological problem using more sophisticated self-adaptive machine-learning *** advances in the field of natural language processing show that transformer models—a type of deep neural network—to be particularly powerful at modeling sequence information with context *** this study,we introduce MutFormer,a transformer-based model for the prediction of deleterious missense mutations,which uses reference and mutated protein sequences from the human genome as the primary *** takes advantage of a combination of self-attention layers and convolutional layers to learn both long-range and short-range dependencies between amino acid mutations in a protein *** first pre-trained MutFormer on reference protein sequences and mutated protein sequences resulting from common genetic variants observed in human *** next examined different fine-tuning methods to successfully apply the model to deleteriousness prediction of missense ***,we evaluated MutFormer’s performance on multiple testing datasets.

关键词： delete prediction apply

Constraining the Temperature-density Relation of the Inter-galactic Medium from Analytically Modeling LyαForest Absorbers

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第4期23卷 72-84页

作者： Li Yang Zheng Zheng T.-S.Kim Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China school of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah115 S 1400 ESalt Lake CityUT 84112USA Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin475 North Charter StreetMadisonWI 53706USA

The absorption by neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium(IGM)produces the Lya forest in the spectra of *** Lya forest absorbers have a broad distribution of neutral hydrogen column density N_(HⅠ) and Doppler b *** narrowest Lya absorption lines(of lowest b)with neutral hydrogen column density above~10^(13)cm^(-2) are dominated by thermal broadening,which can be used to constrain the thermal state of the *** we constrain the temperature-density relation T=T0(ρ/■)γ^(-1) of the IGM at 1.6

关键词： (galaxies:)intergalactic medium-(galaxies:)quasars absorption lines-radiation mechanisms thermal

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Nanog and transcriptional networks in embryonic stem cell pluripotency

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Cell Research 2007年第1期17卷 42-49页

作者： James A Thomson PO Box 7365 WiCell Research Institute WI53715-1299 W153706-1509 1220 Capitol Court USAThe Genome Center of Wisconsin WI 53707-7365 425 Henry Mall The Wisconsin National Primate Research Center University of Wisconsin-Madison The Department of Anatomy WI 53706 470 N.charter Street University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical school

Several extrinsic signals such as LIF,BMP and Wnt can support the self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem(ES) cells through regulating the"pluripotent genes." A unique homeobox transcription factor,Nanog,is one of the keydownstream effectors of these *** level of Nanog can maintain the mouse ES cell self-renewal indepen-dent of LIF and enable human ES cell growth without feeder *** addition to the external signal pathways,intrinsictranscription factors such as FoxD3,P53 and Oct4 are also involved in regulating the expression of ***,Nanog works together with other key pluripotent factors such as Oct4 and Sox2 to control a set of target genes that haveimportant functions in ES cell *** key factors form a regulatory network to support or limit each other’sexpression level,which maintains the properties of ES cells.

关键词： Nanog embryonic stem cell pluripotency transcription factor

Microwave Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Different Pentose Carbohydrates as Reducing Agents

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2018年第1期12卷 1-10页

作者： David S. Chung Hanna Kim Jonathan Ko Justine Lee Bryant Hwang Sohyun Chang ByungJun Kim Sung-Jae Chung Division of Biology and Medicine Brown University Providence R102912 USA Granada Hill charter High school Granada Hills CA 91344 USA Thomas Jefferson High school for Science and Technology Alexandria VA 22312 USA Langley High school Mclean VA 2210 USA Department of Biology School of Arts & Sciences Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA Biological Sciences Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Marymount University School of Arts and Sciences 2807 N. Glebe Road Arlington VA 22302 USA

A fast, green and readily reproducible microwave-based method for the production of high quality silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） in high yield is presented. Starch is used as a stabilizing agent with few pentose different reducing carbohydrates as D-ribose, D-arabinose and L-arabinose. From the UV-vis peak profile spectra of the solutions of the silver nanoparticles, the authors have investigated the size of the NPs together with the average diameter, shape, and aggregation state of the colloidal AgNPs. TEM measurements and EDX analysis have confirmed the morphology of our AgNPs.

关键词： Microwave synthesis UV-vis spectroscopy Mie theory silver nanoparticles TEM and EDX.

养老机构护理员基于实践导向的认知症照护培训

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护理学杂志 2022年第10期37卷 75-79页

作者：卞学莉王君俏王静邹晓清孙颖复旦大学护理学院上海200030 charter Australia Education Training 上海怡乐家园养护院

目的探讨基于实践导向的认知症照护培训方案对提高养老机构护理员认知症照护胜任感和照护质量的效果。方法采用方便抽样法选取2所养老机构内承担认知症照护工作的护理员60人作为研究对象,按机构分为两组各30人。对照组按常规进行相关知... 详细信息

目的探讨基于实践导向的认知症照护培训方案对提高养老机构护理员认知症照护胜任感和照护质量的效果。方法采用方便抽样法选取2所养老机构内承担认知症照护工作的护理员60人作为研究对象,按机构分为两组各30人。对照组按常规进行相关知识及技能培训,干预组接受3周实践导向式认知症照护培训。培训前后收集护理员认知症照护胜任感,并采用神经精神量表评估培训前和培训结束后1个月认知症专区老年人症状严重程度。结果培训后干预组护理员认知症照护胜任感得分显著高于对照组(P<0.01);认知症专区老年人的神经精神量表得分显著低于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论对养老机构护理员进行实践导向式认知症照护培训,能提高其认知症照护胜任感,提高认知症照护质量,并有效提升养老机构认知症照护服务水平。

关键词：养老机构护理员认知症痴呆照护能力实践导向培训照护胜任感照护质量

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MAGNA CARTA AND THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第2期11卷 236-242页

作者： Joshua C. Tate SMU Dedman school of Law Dallas US

The 800th anniversary of Magna Carta has been marked by much pageantry and celebration. Some scholars have taken this opportunity to point out that the myth of Magna Carta is far greater than what the actual 1215 charter managed to accomplish. Nevertheless, Magna Carta did make a meaningful and concrete contribution to due process in 1215, as shown by certain provisions that are seemingly overlooked by critics eager to downplay the charter＇s importance. This article highlights two lesser known clauses of Magna Carta that had real contemporary significance in guaranteeing the availability of jury trial for some categories of civil litigation. The ringing promises of Clauses 39 and 40 may have inspired great jurists and founders of nations, but the more humble Clauses 17 and 18 -- specifying the proper location and manner of hearing certain civil cases -- must also be taken into account in assessing the charter＇s importancc.

关键词： Magna Carta legal history trials access to justice property fundamental rights

Clinical Outcome Event Adjudication in a 10-Year Prospective Study of Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第4期8卷 377-384页

作者： Joseph K Lim Alex Y Chang Atif Zaman Paul Martin Conrado M Fernandez-Rodriguez Mete Korkmaz Simona Rossi James M Ford Tamara Noonan Elizabeth Cooney Victor Navarro Luis Colombato Yale University school of Medicine New HavenCTUSA Johns Hopkins school of Medicine BaltimoreMDUSA and Johns Hopkins SingaporeSingapore Oregon Health&Science University PortlandORUSA University of Miami Miller school of Medicine MiamiFLUSA Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón MadridSpain OSF Saint Anthony Center for Cancer Care RockfordILUSA Einstein Healthcare Network PhiladelphiaPAUSA Stanford University school of Medicine StanfordCAUSA Bristol-Myers Squibb WallingfordCTUSA Hospital Británico UCA School of MedicineBuenos AiresArgentina

Background and Aims:In the REALM (Randomized, Obser-vational Study of Entecavir to Assess Long-Term Outcomes Associated with Nucleoside/Nucleotide Monotherapy for Pa-tients with Chronic HBV Infection) study, 12,378 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection received up to 10 years of randomized therapy with entecavir or another HBV nucleos(t)ide analogue. Monitored clinical outcome events (COEs) included malignant neoplasms, HBV disease progres-sion events, and deaths. An external event adjudication com-mittee (EAC) was convened to provide real-time review of reported COEs to optimize data quality, and minimize poten-tial adverse effects of the large cohort, interdisciplinary out-come assessments, geographic scope, and long duration. Methods:The EAC comprised an international group of hep-atologists and oncologists with expertise in diagnosis of tar-geted COEs. The EAC reviewed and adjudicated COEs according to prospectively defined diagnostic criteria cap-tured in the EAC charter. Operational processes, including da-ta collection and query procedures, were implemented to optimize efficiency of data recovery to maximize capture of adjudicated COEs, the primary study outcome measure. Results: A total of 1724 COEs were reported and 1465 of these events were adjudicated by the EAC as reported by the investigators (85.0% overall concordance). Concordance by COE type varied: deaths, 99.6%;hepatocellular carcino-ma (HCC), 83.3%;non-HCC malignancies, 88.0%;non-HCC HBV disease progression, 68.2%. Reasons for lack of con-cordance were most commonly lack of adequate supporting data to support an adjudicated diagnosis or evidence that the event pre-dated the study. Conclusions: The REALM EAC performed a critical role in ensuring data quality and consis-tency;EAC performance was facilitated by well-defined diag-nostic criteria, effective data capture, and efficient operational processes. Trial registration: *** NCT00388674.

关键词： Hepatitis B Antiviral therapy Clinical outcomes Event adjudication Liver cirrhosis