Analytical and Observational Investigation of Colors Effects on Drag Reduction in Penguins
作者机构：Department of Mechanical EngineeringNew Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA Cottonwood Valley Charter SchoolSocorroNM87801USA Depertment of BiosciencesSwansea UniversitySwanseaSA28PPUK
出 版 物：《Journal of Bionic Engineering》 (仿生工程学报（英文版）)
年 卷 期：2022年第19卷第4期
页 面：1036-1053页
核心收录：
学科分类：08[工学] 09[农学] 0901[农学-作物学] 0836[工学-生物工程] 090102[农学-作物遗传育种]
基 金：The authors would like to thank Albuquerque Biopark for access to penguin enclosures and to acknowledge Ms. Carol M. Bradford and Ms. Karen L. Waterfall for assisting with measurements and the penguin thermal imaging. Also the authors would like to thank Dr. Andrei Zagrai for his fruitful discussions and help on this subject
主 题：Animal coloration Drag Energy balance Irradiation Penguin Thermal imaging Skin friction
摘 要：All 18 extant species of penguin are strongly countershaded,having dark dorsal and light ventral *** this paper,the thermal effects of this body color in penguins are investigated through analytical and observational ***,a thermal analysis that takes into account the environmental characteristics of penguins’habitats,fluxes,and morphology is used to analytically calculate penguin dorsal surface ***,a turbulent analytical solution for a heated boundary layer over a flat plate is applied to show that the dark color on the top of the penguins’bodies is very effective at skin drag *** verify this result,a 2D model penguin is computationally analyzed at different temperatures,confirming in principle underwater skin drag reduction through color-based surface warming with efficiency savings of up to 30%.Finally,to study how color-based increases in body surface temperatures are maintained through foraging dives,thermal cameras are used to measure the surface temperature of captive penguins before and after *** study shows conceptually that dark dorsal coloration in penguins could have a significant influence on in-water drag.
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