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Microbiome changes in esophageal cancer:implications for pathogenesis and prognosis

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第2期21卷 163-174页

作者： Yi Li Bing Wei Xia Xue Hongle Li Jun Li Department of Molecular pathology Clinical Pathology CenterAffiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou 450003China Henan Key laboratory of Molecular pathology Zhengzhou 450003China Henan Key laboratory of Helicobacter pylori&Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer Marshall Medical Research CenterThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China

Esophageal cancer(EC)is an aggressive malignancy with a poor *** factors,including dietary habits,and antacid and antibiotic use,have been shown to influence the esophageal ***,enrichment and diversity of the esophageal microbiome can also impact its *** studies have revealed prevalent changes in the esophageal microbiome among patients with EC,thus suggesting the potential contribution of the esophageal microbiome to EC ***,distinct microbiome compositions have been observed in patients with different responses to radiotherapy and chemotherapy,indicating the role of the esophageal microbiome in modulating treatment *** this review,we have examined previous studies on the esophageal microbiome in healthy individuals and patients with EC or other esophageal diseases,with a focus on identifying microbial communities associated with EC pathogenesis and *** the role of the microbiome in EC may aid in early detection and optimized treatment strategies,ultimately leading to better outcomes for patients.

关键词： Esophageal cancer microbiome dysbiosis microenvironment carcinogenesis

Targeting stroma and tumor,silencing galectin 1 treats orthotopic mouse hepatocellular carcinoma

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 292-303页

作者： Tahereh Setayesh Ying Hu Farzam Vaziri Xin Chen Jinping Lai Dongguang Wei Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan Department of Medical pathology and laboratory Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisSacramentoCA 95817USA Cancer Biology Program the University of Hawaii Cancer CenterHonoluluHI 96813USA Department of pathology and laboratory Medicine Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical CenterSacramentoCA 95825USA

This study examines inhibiting galectin 1(Gal1)as a treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Gal1 has immunosuppressive and cancer-promoting *** data showed that Gal1 was highly expressed in human and mouse *** levels of Gal1 positively correlated with the stages of human HCC and negatively with *** roles of Gal1 in HCC were studied using overexpression(OE)or silencing using Igals1 siRNA delivered by *** to HCC initiation induced by RAS and AKT mutations,lgals1-OE and silencing had opposite impacts on tumor *** treatment effect of lgals1 siRNAwas further demonstrated by intersecting HCC at different time points when the tumor load had already reached 9%or even 42%of the body *** spatial transcriptomic profiles of Gal1 silenced and OE HCC,inhibiting matrix formation and recognition of foreign antigen in CD45t cell-enriched areas located at tumor-margin likely contributed to the anti-HCC effects of Gal1 *** the tumors,silencing Gal1 inhibited translational initiation,elongation,and ***,Gal1 silencing increased immune cells as well as expanded cytotoxic T cells within the tumor,and the anti-HCC effect of lgals1 siRNAwas ***,Gal1 silencing has a promising potential for HCC treatment.

关键词： Liver Hepatocellular carcinoma Carbohydrate-binding lectin Galectin 1 Extracellular matrix Translation Spatial transcriptomics Tumor-margin

Single nucleotide polymorphism within chromosome 8q24 is associated with prostate cancer development in Saudi Arabia

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 26-32页

作者： Awad Elsid Osman Sahar Alharbi Atif Ali Ahmed Asim Ali Elbagir pathology and Clinical laboratory Management Department(PCLM) King Fahad Medical CityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of pathology and laboratory Medicine University of Missouri at Children's Mercy HospitalKansas CityMOUSA

Objective: Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are important risk factors for the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Preliminary studies have suggested that the incidence of PCa in Saudi males is low but is probably familial or genetically ***: To identify any possible association of SNP with PCa development in Saudi patients, we investigated a group of SNPs in Saudi PCa patients (n=85) and compared the outcomes to healthy normal controls (n=115) and nodular hyperplasia patients (n=120). DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded formalin fixed tissue or whole blood from both patients’ groups and healthy control group. A total of thirteen SNPs were genotyped using TaqMan® minor groove binder polymerase chain reaction ***: The rs16901979A, s629242T and rs1447295A alleles were found at significantly higher frequency in PCa patients than controls (p< 0.05). The rs16901979 CA genotype was found at significantly greater frequency in PCa patients than in healthy controls (43% vs. 14%, odds ratio=4.6, p=0.0001) and benign hyperplasia group (43% vs. 25%, odds ratio=2.2, p=0.009).Conclusion: Our study has highlighted the association of rs16901979 SNP with PCa in Saudi males. Such findings have important implications in the PCa diagnosis and in screening unaffected family members of Saudi patients.

关键词： Prostatecancer Saudi Singlenucleotide polymorphism Allele

Mechanical sensor PDLIM5 promotes the osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells through microfilament alterations

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 136-139页

作者： Yuchao Yang Shutong Wu Rongmei Qu Congrong Wang Jinyang Wang Asmat Ullah Khan You Pan Wenqing Liu Jinhui Zhu Muhammad Akram Khan Chujiang Xu Jingxing Dai Jun Ouyang Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Medical Biomechanics&National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy Schoolof BasicMedical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China Department of laboratory Medicine Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China Department of pathology Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong 510080China Department of Breast Surgery Guangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanningGuangxi 530000China Department of veterinary pathology Faculty of Veterinary and Animal SciencesPMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Department of Orthopedics TCM-Integrated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510000China

Bone regeneration is a multifaceted,abstract,and wellcoordinated physiological progression of bone formation that participates in continuous regeneration and remodeling throughout ***,when it comes to complex clinical situations requiring extensive bone regeneration,such as massive bone defects caused by injuries,infection,or tumor removal,traditional methods do not often yield good treatment strategies or protocols due to their limitations.

关键词： alterations injuries massive

Blastomas of the digestive system in adults:A review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 1030-1042页

作者： Yu Liu Tony El Jabbour Jonathan Somma Yukihiro Nakanishi Saverio Ligato Hwajeong Lee Zhi-Yan Fu Department of pathology LSU Health Sciences Center School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of pathology Hartford HealthCareHartfordCT 06102United States Department of pathology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFL 33612United States Department of pathology and laboratory Medicine Albany Medical CenterAlbanyNY 12208United States

Blastomas,characterized by a mixture of mesenchymal,epithelial,and undifferentiated blastematous components,are rare malignant neoplasms originating from precursor blast *** review focuses on digestive system blastomas in adult patients,including gastroblastoma,hepatoblastoma,and *** is a biphasic,epitheliomesenchymal tumor,with only sixteen cases reported to *** addition to the characteristic histology,metastasisassociated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 gene fusion is typical,although recently novel ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-c-terminal binding protein 1 and patched 1-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 2 fusions have been *** is exceptionally rare in adults and can show a variety of histologic patterns which may cause diagnostic ***,primarily a pediatric tumor,displays acinar differentiation and squamoid nests with other lines of differentiation also present,especially *** approaches for these blastomas include a combination of imaging modalities,histopathological examination,and molecular *** treatment generally involves surgical resection,which may be supplemented by chemotherapy or radiotherapy in some *** vary with gastroblastoma generally showing favorable outcomes post-surgery whereas hepatoblastoma and pancreatoblastoma often have poorer outcomes,particularly in the setting of *** review highlights the complexity of diagnosing and managing these rare adult blastomas as well as the need for ongoing research to better understand their pathogenesis and improve treatment strategies.

关键词： Adult blastomas Gastroblastoma Hepatoblastoma Pancreatoblastoma Digestive system

From text to image:challenges in integrating vision into ChatGPT for medical image interpretation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 487-488页

作者： Shunsuke Koga Wei Du Department of pathology and laboratory Medicine Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Large language models(LLMs),such as ChatGPT developed by OpenAI,represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence(AI),designed to understand,generate,and interpret human language by analyzing extensive text *** potential integration into clinical settings offers a promising avenue that could transform clinical diagnosis and decision-making processes in the future(Thirunavukarasu et al.,2023).This article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of LLMs’current and potential impact on clinical *** ability to generate differential diagnosis lists underscores their potential as invaluable tools in medical practice and education(Hirosawa et al.,2023;Koga et al.,2023).

关键词： image diagnosis text

Digital pathology-based artificial intelligence models for differential diagnosis and prognosis of sporadic odontogenic keratocysts

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第2期16卷 349-358页

作者： Xinjia Cai Heyu Zhang Yanjin Wang Jianyun Zhang Tiejun Li Department of Oral pathology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology&National Center of Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical DevicesBeijingChina Central laboratory Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijingChina Department of Oral pathology Shanghai Stomatological Hospital&School of StomatologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU034)BeijingChina

Odontogenic keratocyst(OKC)is a common jaw cyst with a high recurrence *** combined with basal cell carcinoma as well as skeletal and other developmental abnormalities is thought to be associated with Gorlin ***,OKC needs to be differentiated from orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst and other jaw *** of the different prognosis,differential diagnosis of several cysts can contribute to clinical *** collected 519 cases,comprising a total of 2157 hematoxylin and eosinstained images,to develop digital pathology-based artificial intelligence(AI)models for the diagnosis and prognosis of *** Inception_v3 neural network was utilized to train and test models developed from patch-level ***,whole slide imagelevel AI models were developed by integrating deep learning-generated pathology features with several machine learning *** AI models showed great performance in the diagnosis(AUC=0.935,95%CI:0.898–0.973)and prognosis(AUC=0.840,95%CI:0.751–0.930)of *** advantages of multiple slides model for integrating of histopathological information are demonstrated through a comparison with the single slide ***,the study investigates the correlation between AI features generated by deep learning and pathological findings,highlighting the interpretative potential of AI models in the ***,we have developed the robust diagnostic and prognostic models for *** AI model that is based on digital pathology shows promise potential for applications in odontogenic diseases of the jaw.

关键词： diagnosis pathology prognosis

Effects of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract on the growth performance,blood characteristics,and histological features of gills and livers in Nile tilapia

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第1期9卷 85-92页

作者： Mahamoud A.Emam Ramy M.Shourbela Waleed N.El-Hawarry Seham Y.Abo-Kora Fatma Abdel-Monem Gad Ashraf M.Abd El-latif Mahmoud A.O.Dawood Histology Department Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha UniversityBenha13511Egypt Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandria22758Egypt Pharmacology Department Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha UniversityBenha13511Egypt Clinical pathology Department Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha UniversityBenha13511Egypt Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Management Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha UniversityBenha13511Egypt Animal Production Department Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafr El-Sheikh33511Egypt The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability The American University in CairoCairo11835Egypt

Moringa oleifera is well known as a highly nutritious plant and a water purifier in fish *** fish has many impressive qualities making them very suitable for ***,this study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of Moringa oleifera aqueous extract(MOAE)at varying concentrations(0,100,200,and 400 mg/kg diet for 90 days)on growth performance,hematological,and some biochemical parameters of Nile ***,histological changes and immunohistochemical expression of caspase 3 in gills and livers were *** enhancements(P<0.05)in the final weight,weight gain,specific growth rate,red blood cells,hemoglobin,packed cell volume,white blood cells,and total serum protein were observed in fish fed 200 mg MOAE/kg diet compared with other ***,a significant reduction(P<0.05)of liver and kidney function tests and non-significant changes in lipid profile were *** the other hand,fish fed 400 mg MOAE/kg diet revealed disturbance in the corresponding *** histological degenerative changes were detected in the gills and liver of fish fed 400 mg MOAE/kg *** comparison,fish fed 200 mg MOAE/kg diet showed the best histo-architectures of these organs compared with other *** immune expressions of caspase 3 were determined where gills and liver of fish fed 400 mg MOAE/kg diet revealed extensive number of positive caspase 3 cells indicating severe apoptotic ***,a dietary MOAE at 200 mg/kg diet is recommended to improve the growth performance,hematological parameters,liver and kidney functions in Nile ***,caution must be considered when using MOAE at a concentration over 200 mg/kg diet.

关键词： Growth performance Liver Gills Moringa oleifera Nile tilapia

Mitochondrial DNA methylation and mitochondria-related epigenetics in neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 405-406页

作者： Fabio Coppedè Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies Laboratory of Medical GeneticsUniversity of PisaPisaItaly、Interdepartmental Research Center of Biology and Pathology of AgingUniversity of PisaPisaItaly

Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they are primarily involved in oxidative phosphorylation and energy *** are particularly abundant in tissues with high energy demands,including muscle,liver,and brain,and mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)damage,and impaired mitochondrial dynamics have often been associated with neurodegeneration.

关键词： impaired neurodegeneration oxidative