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Enhancement of beneficial microbiomes in plant-soil continuums through organic fertilization:Insights into the composition and multifunctionality

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第3期6卷 109-120页

作者： Wen-Jing Li Xin-Yuan Zhou Xin-Li An Li-Juan Li Chen-Shuo Lin Hua Li Hong-Zhe Li Key lab.of Urban Environment and health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key lab.ratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products Institute of EnvironmentResourceSoil and FertilizersZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310021China

Soil microbiomes play a crucial role in maintaining ecological functions and are of great importance for soil *** of them could bring benefits to plants for growth *** numerous studies have focused on specific beneficial bacteria and their interactions with soils and plants,we still lack a comprehensive understanding of beneficial communities in plant–soil continuums and their responses to agricultural *** address this gap,we carried out a microcosm experiment using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to explore the effects of organic fertilization on beneficial communities in plant–soil continuums and assess their potential *** findings reveal that organic fertilization had a positive impact on the beneficial functionality of bacterial communities in plant–soil *** improvement was primarily attributed to the optimized soil physicochemical conditions resulting from organic ***,organic fertilization increased the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks in both soils and the *** taxa in the endosphere undergone a shift of functions toward pathogen suppression as the result of organic ***,this study revealed that plants exhibited a preference for internalizing beneficial bacteria over other type of *** also provided new insights for evaluating the multifunctionality of microbiomes,and found that the functionality of beneficial communities in plant–soil continuums is enhanced by organic *** these findings suggested that organic fertilization can be an effective strategy for maintaining plant and soil health.

关键词： plant–soil continuums beneficial bacteria agricultural activities multifunctionality endosphere

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Understanding the impact of HIV on mpox transmission in the MSM population: A mathematical modeling study

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1117-1137页

作者： Andrew Omame Qing Han Sarafa A.Iyaniwura Adeniyi Ebenezer Nicola L.Bragazzi Xiaoying Wang Jude D.Kong Woldegebriel A.Woldegerima Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences Government College UniversityLahorePakistan lab.ratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics(LIAM) Department of Mathematics and StatisticsYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada Africa-Canada Artificial Intelligence and Data Innovation Consortium(ACADIC) Canada Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Theoretical DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA Postgraduate School of Public health Department of Health Sciences(DISSAL)University of Genoa16126GenoaItaly United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)Health Anthropology Biosphere and Healing SystemsUniversity of Genoa16126GenoaItaly Department of Food and Drugs University of Parma43125ParmaItaly Department of Mathematics Trent University PeterboroughOntarioCanada Artificial Intelligence&Mathematical Modeling lab.AIMM lab. Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of Toronto155 College St Room 500TorontoONM5T 3M7Canada Department of Mathematics University of TorontoOntarioCanada Global South Artificial Intelligence for Pandemic and Epidemic Preparedness and Response Network(AI4PEP) Canada Department of Mathematics Federal University of TechnologyOwerriNigeria

The recent mpox outbreak(in 2022e2023)has different clinical and epidemiological features compared with previous outbreaks of the *** this outbreak,sexual contact was believed to be the primary transmission route of the *** addition,the community of men having sex with men(MSM)was disproportionately affected by the *** population is also disproportionately affected by HIV *** that both diseases can be transmitted sexually,the endemicity of HIV,and the high sexual behavior associated with the MSM community,it is essential to understand the effect of the two diseases spreading simultaneously in an MSM ***,we aim to understand the potential effects of HIV on an mpox outbreak in the MSM *** develop a mechanistic mathematical model of HIV and mpox *** model incorporates the dynamics of both diseases and considers HIV treatment with antiretroviral therapy(ART).In addition,we consider a potential scenario where HIV infection increases susceptibility to mpox,and investigate the potential impact of this mechanism on mpox *** analysis shows that HIV can facilitate the spread of mpox in an MSM population,and that HIV treatment with ART may not be sufficient to control the spread of mpox in the ***,we showed that a moderate use of condoms or reduction in sexual contact in the population combined with ART is beneficial in controlling mpox *** on our analysis,it is evident that effective control of HIV,specifically through substantial ART use,moderate condom compliance,and reduction in sexual contact,is imperative for curtailing the transmission of mpox in an MSM population and mitigating the compounding impact of these intertwined epidemics.

关键词： HIV-mpox co-infection Infectious disease modeling Invasion reproduction number Control reproduction number sensitivity analysis MSM

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Multi-carrier Tb/s silicon photonic coherent receiver

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 284-291页

作者： Zhen WANG Xingfeng LI Jingchi LI Jian SHEN Yong ZHANG Yikai SU State Key lab.of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronic EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University

We propose a silicon polarization-diversity coherent receiver for wavelength-multiplexing transmission without using the large-footprint arrayed waveguide grating(AWG).We have integrated our proposed coherent receiver on the silicon-on-insulator(SOI) platform for high-capacity *** the proposed coherent receiver,high-frequency photocurrent signals from other wavelengths are suppressed by electrical low-pass ***,the signal-signal beat interference(SSBI) generated from each wavelength is eliminated by the balanced *** two features lend to the proposed coherent receiver being free of the mm-scale *** have demonstrated our proposed coherent receiver to detect a 1.12-Tb/s wavelength-division-multiplexed and polarization-division-multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation(PDM-16-QAM) *** compact footprint of the silicon chip promises small-form-factor receivers for future ultra-high-capacity coherent communication systems that require a high integration level and low fabrication cost.

关键词： silicon photonics optical receivers coherent communication wavelength-division-multiplexing(WDM) polarization-division-multiplexing(PDM)

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CPT: a pre-trained unbalanced transformer for both Chinese language understanding and generation

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 43-55页

作者： Yunfan SHAO Zhichao GENG Yitao LIU Junqi DAI Hang YAN Fei YANG Zhe LI Hujun BAO Xipeng QIU School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai Key lab.ratory of Intelligent Information Processing Fudan University Zhejiang lab

In this paper, we take the advantage of previous pre-trained models(PTMs) and propose a novel Chinese pre-trained unbalanced transformer(CPT). Different from previous Chinese PTMs, CPT is designed to utilize the shared knowledge between natural language understanding(NLU) and natural language generation(NLG) to boost the performance. CPT consists of three parts: a shared encoder, an understanding decoder, and a generation decoder. Two specific decoders with a shared encoder are pretrained with masked language modeling(MLM) and denoising auto-encoding(DAE) tasks, *** the partially shared architecture and multi-task pre-training, CPT can(1) learn specific knowledge of both NLU or NLG tasks with two decoders and(2) be fine-tuned flexibly that fully exploits the potential of the model. Moreover, the unbalanced transformer saves the computational and storage cost, which makes CPT competitive and greatly accelerates the inference of text generation. Experimental results on a wide range of Chinese NLU and NLG tasks show the effectiveness of CPT.

关键词： pre-trained model transformer language model generation unified model

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Recent advances in the microfluidic generation of shape-controllab.e hydrogel microparticles and their applications

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期5卷 16-30页

作者： Yingzhe Liu Zhuo Chen Jianhong Xu The State Key lab.of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Hydrogel microparticles,generally accepted as significant green materials,have been widely used in chemical,biological,and biomedical fields owing to their excellent biocompatibility,biodegradability,and *** these,non-spherical hydrogel microparticles with diverse shape anisotropy have great potential in applications such as drug delivery,cellular interaction,micromotors,*** from their shapes,their functionalities in such fields cannot be satisfied by the typical spherical ***,microfluidics with precise control and domination of fluids at microflow sizes has emerged as a powerful method for synthesizing shape-controllab.e hydrogel microparticles with good monodispersity and unique *** this review,we tried to provide an overview of the production of non-spherical microparticles composed of green hydrogel materials,emphasizing the microfluidic ***,a brief introduction to their current applications is also presented.

关键词： Microfluidics Hydrogel Microparticles Non-spherical Anisotropic Green materials

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Improving creep strength of the fine-grained heat-affected zone of novel 9Cr martensitic heat-resistant steel via modified thermo-mechanical treatment

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第5期31卷 1037-1047页

作者： Jingwen Zhang Liming Yu Yongchang Liu Ran Ding Chenxi Liu Zongqing Ma Huijun Li Qiuzhi Gao Hui Wang State Key lab.of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional MaterialsTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of Resources and Materials Northeastern University at QinhuangdaoQinhuangdao 066004China School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China

The infamous type Ⅳ failure within the fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) in G115 steel weldments seriously threatens the safe operation of ultra-supercritical (USC) power *** this work,the traditional thermo-mechanical treatment was modified via the replacement of hot-rolling with cold rolling,i.e.,normalizing,cold rolling,and tempering (NCT),which was developed to improve the creep strength of the FGHAZ in G115 steel *** NCT treatment effectively promoted the dissolution of preformed M_(23)C_(6)particles and relieved the boundary segregation of C and Cr during welding thermal cycling,which accelerated the dispersed reprecipitation of M_(23)C_(6) particles within the fresh reaustenitized grains during post-weld heat *** addition,the precipitation of Cu-rich phases and MX particles was promoted evidently due to the deformation-induced *** a result,the interacting actions between precipitates,dislocations,and boundaries during creep were reinforced *** this strategy,the creep rupture life of the FGHAZ in G115 steel weldments can be prolonged by 18.6%,which can further push the application of G115 steel in USC power plants.

关键词： G115 steel fine-grained heat-affected zone creep strength element segregation nano-sized precipitates

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Structure–performance relationship of Au nanoclusters in electrocatalysis:Metal core and ligand structure

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Carbon Energy 2024年第8期6卷 63-89页

作者： Bowen Li Lianmei Kang Yongfeng Lun Jinli Yu Shuqin Song Yi Wang The Key lab.of Low‐Carbon Chemistry&Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province PCFM LabSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Remarkable progress has characterized the field of electrocatalysis in recent decades,driven in part by an enhanced comprehension of catalyst structures and mechanisms at the *** precise metal nanoclusters,serving as exemplary models,significantly expand the range of accessible structures through diverse cores and ligands,creating an exceptional platform for the investigation of catalytic ***,ligand‐protected Au nanoclusters(NCs)with precisely defined core numbers offer a distinct advantage in elucidating the correlation between their specific structures and the reaction mechanisms in *** strategic modulation of the fine microstructures of Au NCs presents crucial opportunities for tailoring their electrocatalytic performance across various *** review delves into the profound structural effects of Au NC cores and ligands in electrocatalysis,elucidating their underlying mechanisms.A detailed exploration of the fundamentals of Au NCs,considering core and ligand structures,***,the interaction between the core and ligand structures of Au NCs and their impact on electrocatalytic performance in diverse reactions are *** the discourse,challenges and personal prospects are presented to guide the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts and advance electrocatalytic reactions.

关键词： Au nanoclusters core electrocatalytic performance ligand structures

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A justice and innovative way ahead of consumption-based emission accounting approach

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 2999-3010页

作者： Qun SHEN Hongbo DUAN Yun TANG Linbing TANG Li SHANG Xinyu DOU Wei WEI Weiqiang CHEN Zhu LIU State Key lab.ratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science&EngineeringShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China School of Economics&Management University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Key lab.of Urban Environment and health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UnivesityBeijing 100084China

Carbon emission accounting is an important basis for global climate *** on the consumption-based accounting(CBA)method,the characteristics of carbon flow between national,regional,and product processes could be more clearly ***,CBA is more conducive to clarifying the attribution of responsibilities between producers and consumers,with the principles of fairness and *** accounting for carbon emissions in typical countries from 1990 to 2019,we found that the CBA emissions are higher than the production-based accounting(PBA)emissions in major developed countries,while the results are reversed for developing *** the past 30 years,the CBA emissions in targeted developed countries generally have shown a downward trend,while in developing countries,they have shown an upward *** emissions in China have shown a continuous growth trend from 1990 to 2019,but the pace has slowed down significantly over the last ***,the embodied carbon intensity of China’s exports continues to decline,indicating that China is providing more green and low-carbon products to the *** the PV industry as an example,this study further reveals the contribution of specific product industries to the country’s carbon transfer through product carbon footprint *** order to provide a scientific basis for global mitigation and climate governance,it is urgent to innovate a scientific,practical,and standardized CBA technology system.

关键词： Consumption-based accounting Production-based accounting Carbon transfer Carbon footprint

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Traffic Engineering and Quality of Service in Hybrid Software Defined Networks

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China Communications 2024年第2期21卷 96-121页

作者： Samiullah Mehraban Rajesh Kumar Yadav IOT lab Department of Computer Science&EngineeringDelhi Technological UniversityDelhi 110042India

For Future networks, many research projects have proposed different architectures around the globe;Software Defined Network(SDN) architectures, through separating Data and Control Layers, offer a crucial structure for it. With a worldwide view and centralized Control, the SDN network provides flexible and reliable network management that improves network throughput and increases link utilization. In addition, it supports an innovative flow scheduling system to help advance Traffic Engineering(TE). For Medium and large-scale networks migrating directly from a legacy network to an SDN Network seems more complicated & even impossible, as there are High potential challenges, including technical, financial, security, shortage of standards, and quality of service degradation challenges. These challenges cause the birth and pave the ground for Hybrid SDN networks, where SDN devices coexist with traditional network devices. This study explores a Hybrid SDN network’s Traffic Engineering and Quality of Services Issues. Quality of service is described by network characteristics such as latency, jitter, loss, bandwidth,and network link utilization, using industry standards and mechanisms in a Hybrid SDN Network. We have organized the related studies in a way that the Quality of Service may gain the most benefit from the concept of Hybrid SDN networks using different algorithms and mechanisms: Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL), Heuristic algorithm, K path partition algorithm, Genetic algorithm, SOTE algorithm, ROAR method, and Routing Optimization with different optimization mechanisms that help to ensure high-quality performance in a Hybrid SDN Network.

关键词： DRL hSDN QoE QoS SDN TE

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高温可能加重阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停:一项基于智能手表监测的全国性分析（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期 2114-2121页

作者：李安妮张庆丽姚远诸心蕾刘聪郭玉涛阚海东陈仁杰 School of Public health Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment Fudan University Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key lab.ratory of Children's Environmental health Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Pulmonary Vessel and Thrombotic Disease Sixth Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital Institute for Hospital Management Research Chinese PLA General Hospital Children's Hospital of Fudan University National Children's Medical Center School of Public health Hengyang Medical School University of South China

Obstructive sleep apnea（OSA） is a serious type of sleep disorder that can lead to cardiometabolic and neurocognitive diseases. We utilized smart device-based photoplethysmography technology to collect sleep data from the Chinese population from 2019 to 2022. Distributed lag nonlinear models combined with a generalized nonlinear model or a linear mixed effects model were used to investigate the shortterm associations between daily temperature and indicators of OSA severity. We included a total of6,232,056 d of sleep monitoring data from 51,842 participants with moderate to severe risk of OSA from313 Chinese cities. The relationships between ambient temperature and OSA exacerbation, apneahypopnea index（AHI）, and minimum oxygen saturation（MinSpO2） were almost linear and present only on the same day. Higher temperatures were associated with a greater risk of OSA exacerbation, with an8.4%(95% confidence interval（CI）: 7.6%–9.3%) increase per 10 °C increase in temperature. A 10 °C increase in daily temperature corresponded to an AHI increase of 0.70 events/h（95% CI: 0.65–0.76）and a MinSpO2decrease of 0.18%（95% CI: 0.16%–0.19%）. Exposure to elevated temperatures during the night can also lead to adverse effects. The effects of higher temperatures on OSA severity were stronger among men, participants with a body mass index ≥ 24 kg/m2, those aged 45 years and older, individuals with a history of hypertension and diabetes, and during the cold season. This large-scale,nationwide, longitudinal study provides robust evidence suggesting that higher ambient temperatures may immediately worsen OSA.

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