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Exploring the potential of extrachromosomal DNA as a novel oncogenic driver

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 144-157页

作者： Huanbo Zhu Longtao Huangfu Junbing Chen Jiafu Ji Xiaofang Xing key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation Liver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan University key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education State key laboratory of Holistic Integrative management of Gastrointestinal Cancers Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational ResearchDivision of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital & Institute

Extrachromosomal DNA(ecDNA) is a form of circular DNA mostly found in tumor cells. Unlike the typical chromosomal DNA, ecDNA is circular, self-replicating, and carries complete or partial gene fragments. Although ecDNA occurrence remains a rare event in cancer, recent studies have shown that oncogene amplification on ecDNA is widespread throughout many types of cancer, implying that ecDNA plays a central role in accelerating tumor evolution. ecDNA has also been associated with increased tumor mutation burden, chromosomal instability, and even tumor microenvironment remodeling. ecDNA may be crucial in influencing tumor heterogeneity, drug sensitivity,oncogenic senescence, and tumor immunogenicity, leading to a worsening prognosis for tumor patients. In this way, several clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the importance of ecDNA in clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis, characteristics, and current research methods of ecDNA, discuss the vital role of ecDNA-caused tumor heterogeneity in cancers, and highlight the potential role of ecDNA in cancer therapy.

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Spatial transmission of avian influenza (type H5) in birds

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第4期4卷 418-425页

作者： Xinhai LI Xiaoming LIU Lei XU Zhibin ZHANG State key laboratory of integrated pest management on pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)H5N1 continues to threaten domestic and wild birds,as well as human ***,the mechanism of spatial transmission of HPAI is still *** analyzed the current distribu-tion of HPAI occurrences based on World Organization for Animal Health reported data from 3049 sites in the world from December 2003 to June 2006,and found that these sites were spaced at distances with a frequency peak of 100–200 *** built a cellular automata model to simulate the spatial transmission process of HPAI as a function of transmission distance,variance of the transmission distance,infection rate,and transmission times(how many times HPAI transmits from one host to another before suppression).We determined that the transmis-sion distance between HPAI occurrences is approximately 100 km on the basis of historical HPAI occurrences from 2003 to 2006 in both wild and domestic *** effectively reduce the long-distance spreading of HPAI,preventing close contact between domestic birds and waterfowl within a radius of 100 km around HPAI occur-rence sites is essential.

关键词： avian influenza birds cellular automata model disease transmission H5N1.

The function of small RNAs in plant biotic stress response

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第4期58卷 312-327页

作者： Juan Huang Meiling Yang Xiaoming Zhang State key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Small RNAs（s RNAs） play essential roles in plants upon biotic stress. Plants utilize RNA silencing machinery to facilitate pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity to defend against pathogen attack or to facilitate defense against insect herbivores. Pathogens, on the other hand, are also able to generate effectors and s RNAs to counter the host immune response. The arms race between plants and pathogens/insect herbivores has triggered the evolution of s RNAs,RNA silencing machinery and pathogen effectors. A great number of studies have been performed to investigate the roles of s RNAs in plant defense, bringing in the opportunity to utilize s RNAs in plant protection. Transgenic plants with pathogen-derived resistance ability or transgenerational defense have been generated, which show promising potential as solutions for pathogen/insect herbivore problems in the field. Here we summarize the recent progress on the function of s RNAs in response to biotic stress, mainly in plant-pathogen/insect herbivore interaction,and the application of s RNAs in disease and insect herbivore control.

关键词： Small RNA plant immunity transgenerational defense pathogen-derived resistance

Comparison of the olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric steppe grasshopper species(Orthoptera:Acrididae)to plant volatile compounds

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2004年第2期47卷 115-123页

作者： CHEN Huhai ZHAO Yunxian KANG Le State key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects & Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male and female Oedipodinae grasshop-pers, Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko and Angaracris barabensis Pall to 37 plant volatile compounds were recorded. The two species have sympatric distribution and synchronous sea-sonal activity in Inner Mongolia Grasslands. They have different host plant preference with Oedaleus decorus asiaticus graminivorous and A. barabensis forbivorous. The EAG response profiles to 37 compounds of the two species and their both sexes were similar. Most of the green leaf volatiles elicited higher EAG responses in both species and sexes than terpenic compounds and some aromatic compounds. Strong EAG responses were elicited by 6-carbon alcohols (1-hexanol, Z-hexen-2-ol-1, E-2-hexen-1-ol, E-hexen-3-ol-1), aldehyde (E-2-hexen-1-al), ester (Z-hexen-3-yl acetate), and 7-carbon alcohols (1-heptanol) in both species and sexes. Monoterpenes with functional groups of alcohols and aldehydes were more stimulating than other monoterpenes tested. The sesquiterpenes tested elicited relatively low responses. Ben-zaldehyde elicited the highest responses for both species among aromatic components. Oedaleus decorus asiaticus showed higher EAG responses than A. barabensis to the green leaf volatiles, 1-decanol, 1-nonanol, 1-pentanol, hexanal, Z-hexen-3-yl acetate and to the sesquiter-penes (-)-trans-caryophyllene. Males have higher responses than females in Oedaleus decorus asiaticus. No sexual difference was observed in A. barabensis. Dose-dependent responses to six selected chemicals were observed from females. In both species, all the chemicals tested elicit EAG responses at concentration between 10-3 mol/L and 10-2 mol/L, except that the responses of A. barabensis to terpineol had a threshold concentration of 10-2 mol/L benzaldehyde and 1-hexanol had the highest slopes in dose curves, while 1-octen-3-ol showed the smallest slope in responses to the six chemicals tested. Comparative studies on the responses of two ant

关键词： electroantennogram, grasshoppers, Oedaleus decorus asiaticus, Angaracris barabensis, plant volatile compounds, sympatric species.

Microsatellites reveal the genetic structure of thelytokous strains of the migratory locust

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Insect Science 2007年第3期14卷 193-199页

作者： ZHAO-QIAN TENG LE KANG State key laboratory of integrated management of pest and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

This study reports on two parthenogenetic strains of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. The offspring of thelytokou females had a single fragment per microsatellite loci. All offspring of the parthenogenetic F1 females were genetically identical. These results further confirmed that restitution of the sister products of early cleavage mitoses and cell fusion might be the most likely diploidization mechanisms in the thelytokous locusts. Polymerase chain reaction amplification results demonstrated that thelytoky in the locust was not induced by Wolbachia bacteria. Apart from the low fitness gained in thelytokous females, large populations with migration and losing heterozygosity may be other reasons why regular parthenogenesis has not evolved in the locust.

关键词： genetic structure Locusta migratoria microsatellites thelytokous parthenogenesis Wolbachia

Low daily energy expenditure enables giant pandas to survive on bamboo

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第9期58卷 925-926页

作者： WANG DeHua State key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Giant pandas （Ailuropoda melanoleuca） belong to the bear family （Urisidae） within the order Carnivora and specialize on a diet of bamboo, but still retain a typical carnivoran gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, they have a very low energy digestive efficiency （9.5%-34%） if fed only bamboo in captivity. The property of metabolic physiology of giant pandas is an interesting question. McNab [1] wrote in his new book Extreme Measures that ＂basal metabolic rate （BMR） of the giant panda, a semi-arboreal, bamboo-eating bear, has not been measured, but given its habits, it un- doubtedly has a BMR that is appreciably less than expected from （body） mass. Its basal rate is possibly similar to, or less than, that found in the sloth bear （Melursus ursinus）, which feeds heavily on termites and has a basal rate equal to 80% （of expected）. The sloth bear, and presumably the giant panda, differ in energetics from other bears such as omniv- orous black （Ursus americanus） and brown bears （Ursus arctos）, and strictly carnivorous polar bears＂.

关键词：能量消耗大熊猫竹子基础代谢率生理特性肉食动物食肉目胃肠道

Micro-strain regulation strategy to stabilize perovskite lattice based on the categories and impact of strain on perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 578-604页

作者： Caixia Li Wenwu Liu Shiji Da Lingbin Kong Fen Ran State key laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals Lanzhou University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology

Photovoltaic metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs) convert light to electricity more efficiently than crystalline silicon cells, and the cost of materials used to make them is lower than that of silicon *** efficiency is not a core issue affecting the application of perovskite solar cells in special *** present, stability is the major technical encounters that hinders its further commercial development. Microstrain in PSCs is currently a significant factor responsible for the device's instability. Strain-induced ion migration is widely believed to accelerate perovskite degradation even when external stimuli are ***, it is imperative to study strain to enhance the stability of PSCs. This paper reviews recent developments to understand strain's origin and effect mechanisms on performance of PSCs, including ion migration,failure behavior, defect formation, and its effect on photoelectric properties, stability, and ***, several well-known strain management strategies are systematically introduced based on the strain effect mechanism and strain engineering on the film, providing more clues for further preparation with increased stability. The manipulation of external physical strain applied from films to entire devices has been extensively studied. Furthermore, recommendations for future research directions and chemical approaches have been provided. It is emphasized that strain engineering plays a crucial role in improving the efficiency and longevity of PSCs. Tensile strain causes rapid degradation, while moderate compressive strain and external strain control could improve properties and stability. Efforts should focus on controlling compressive strain to mitigate residual tensile strain and introducing it in a controlled manner. Future research endeavors may focus on exploring these pathways to improve the efficiency and lifespan of PSCs.

关键词： Halide perovskite solar cells Strain origins Strain effects Strain management

Composition and emission dynamics of migratory locust volatiles in response to changes in developmental stages and population density

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Insect Science 2017年第1期24卷 60-72页

作者： Jianing Wei Wenbo Shao Xianhui Wang Jin Ge Xiangyong Chen Dan Yu Le Kang State key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Chemical communication plays an important role in density-dependent phase change in locusts. However, the volatile components and emission patterns of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, are largely unknown. In this study, we identified the chemical compositions and emission dynamics of locust volatiles from the body and feces and associated them with developmental stages, sexes and phase changes. The migratory locust shares a number of volatile components with the desert locust （Schistocerca gregaria）, but the emission dynamics of the two locust species are significantly different. The body odors of the gregarious nymphs in the migratory locust consisted of phenylacetonitrile （PAN）, benzaldehyde, guaiacol, phenol, aliphatic acids and 2,3-butanediol, and PAN was the dominant volatile. Volatiles from the fecal pellets of the nymphs primarily consist of guaiacol and phenol. Principal component analysis （PCA） showed significant differences in the volatile profiles between gregarious and solitary locusts. PAN and 4-vinylanisole concentrations were significantly higher in gregarious individuals than in solitary locusts. Gregarious mature males released significantly higher amounts of PAN and 4-vinylanisole during adulthood than mature females and immature adults of both sexes. Furthermore, PAN and 4-vinylanisole were completely lost in gregarious nymphs during the solitarization process, but were obtained by solitary nymphs during gregarization. The amounts of benzaldehyde, guaiacol and phenol only unidirectionally decreased from solitary to crowded treatment. Aliphatic aldehydes （C7 to C10）, which were previously reported as locust volatiles, are now identified as environmental contaminants. Therefore, our results illustrate the precise odor profiles of migratory locusts during developmental stages, sexes and phase change. However, the function and role of PAN and other aromatic compounds during phase transition need further investigation.

关键词： GC-MS/MS Locusta migratoria phase change phenylacetonitrile volatile chemicals

The Role of Radical Burst in Plant Defense Responses to Necrotrophic Fungi

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第8期11卷 1305-1312页

作者： Mahesh S Kulye key laboratory of integrated pest management in Crops Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Necrotrophic fungi, being the largest class of fungal plant pathogens, pose a serious economic problem to crop production. Nitric oxide （NO） is an essential regulatory molecule in plant immunity in synergy with reactive oxygen species （ROS）. Most experimental data available on the roles of NO and ROS during plant-pathogen interactions are from studies of infections by potential biotrophic pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. However, there are several arguments about the role of ROS in defense responses during plants and necrotrophic pathogens interaction and little is known about the role of NO as a counterpart of ROS in disease resistance to necrotrophic pathogens. This review focuses on the recent knowledge about the role of oxidative burst in plant defense response to necrotrophic fungi.

关键词： nitric oxide mitogen-activated protein kinase necrotrophic fungi programmed cell death reactive oxygen species