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Anti-fertility effect of levonorgestrel and quinestrol in Brandt’s voles(Lasiopodomys brandtii)

Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 260-268页

作者： Meirong ZHAO Ming LIU Dong LI Xinrong WAN Lyn A.HINDS Yanling WANG Zhibin ZHANG State key laboratory of Integrated Management of pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State key laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CSIRO entomology CanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia

The combination of levonorgestrel and quinestrol(EP-1)has been shown to have anti-fertility effects on several wild rodents,but the mechanism underlying these effects is poorly understood.We investigated the effects of EP-1 and each of its components,levonorgestrel(P)and quinestrol(E),on the fertility of Brandt’s voles(Lasiopodomys brandtii)by using a gastric gavage method.The doses for EP-1,E and P were 1,0.34 and 0.66 mg/kg body weight,respectively.Male voles(n=98)were treated daily for 5 or 14 days,then the testes and epididymides were collected,weighed and examined histologically at 30(D30),60(D60)or 90(D90)days after the end of treatment.Four males were allowed to mate with normal females at D90.Female voles(n=75)were treated for 3 days and a further 3 days after a 7-day interval.The uteri and ovaries were weighed and examined histologically at 15(D15),30(D30)or 75(D75)days after the end of treatment.Each of three females were mated with fertile males at D30 and D75,respectively.Our results indicated that quinestrol(E)significantly decreased the sperm numbers in the testes as well as the weight of the testes and epididymides,with both of these tissues showing obvious structural abnormalities,and significantly reduced the litter size and the pup weight for females mated with males of the E treatment group.For female voles,treatment with E,P or EP-1 resulted in no marked influence on the fertility status.These data indicate that quinestrol(E)alone has a significant anti-fertility effect on male Brandt’s voles,but is ineffective in combination with levonorgestrel(P).

关键词： Brandt’s voles(Lasiopodomys brandtii) fertility control levonorgestrel quinestrol.

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Wild bacterial probiotics fed to larvae of mass-reared Queensland fruit fly[Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)]do not impact long-term survival,mate selection,or locomotor activity

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Insect Science 2020年第4期27卷 745-755页

作者： Lucas A.Shuttleworth Mohammed Abul Monjur Khan Damian Collins Terry Osborne Olivia L.Reynolds New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural InstituteMenangleAustralia Faculty of Agriculture DefDartment of EntomologyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh Graham Centre(an alliance between NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University) Wagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia State key laboratory of Ecological pest control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Institute of Applied EcologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina

Queensland fruit fly[Bactrocera Uyoni(Froggatt),Diptera,Tephritidae]is the most devastating insect pest impacting Australian horticulture.The Sterile Insect Technique(SIT)is an important component of tephritid pest management programs.However,mass-rearing and irradiation(to render insects sterile)may reduce the fitness and performance of the insect,including the ability of sterile males to successfully compete for wild females.Manipulation of the gut microbiome,including the supplementation with bacterial probiotics shows promise for enhancing the quality of mass-reared sterile flies,however there are fewer published studies targeting the larval stage.In this study,we supplemented the larval stage of mass-reared B.tryoni with bacterial probiotics.We tested several individual bacteria that had been previously isolated and characterized from the gut of wild B.tryoni larvae including Asaia sp.,Enterobacter sp.,Lactobacillus sp.,Leuconostoc sp.We also tested a consortium of all four of these bacterial isolates.The fitness parameters tested included adult survival in field cages,laboratory mate selection of bacteria supplemented males by bacteria nonsupplemented females,and laboratory locomotor activity of adult flies.None of the bacterial probiotic treatments in the current study was significantly different to the control for field survival,mate selection or locomotor activity of adult B.Uyoni,which agree with some of the other studies regarding bacterial probiotics fed to the larval stage of tephritids.Future work is needed to determine if feeding the same,and/or other probiotics to adults,as opposed to larvae can positively impact survival,mating performance,mating competitiveness and locomotor activity of B.tryoni.The bacterial group(s)and function of bacterial species that increase fitness and competitiveness is also of interest to tephritid mass-rearing programs.

关键词： area wide integrated pest management mass-rearing mate choice Sterile Insect Technique Tephritidae

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Novel strategies for the biocontrol of noctuid pests(Lepidoptera)based on improving ascovirus infectivity using Bacillus thuringiensis

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Insect Science 2021年第5期28卷 1452-1467页

作者： Huan Yu Chang-Jin Yang Ni Li Ying Zhao Zhuang-Mei Chen Si-Jia Yi Zi-Qi Li Michael J.Adang Guo-Hua Huang Hunan Provincial key laboratory for Biology and control of Plant Diseases and Insect pests Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128China College of Plant Protection Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128China Department of entomology University of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA

ldentifying novel biocontrol agents and developing new strategies are urgent goals in insect pest biocontrol.Ascoviruses are potential competent insect viruses that may be developed into bioinsecticides,but this aim is impeded by their poor oral infectivity.To improve the per os infectivity of ascovirus,Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki(Btk)was employed as a helper to damage the midgut of lepidopteran larvae(Helicoverpa armigera,Mythimna separata,Spodoptera frugiperda,and S.litura)in formulations with Heliothis virescens ascovirus isolates(HvAV-3h and HvAV-3j).Btk and ascovirus mixtures(Btk/HvAV-3h and B1k/HvAV-3j)were fed to insect larvae(3rd instar).With the exception of S.frugiperda larvae,which exhibited low mortality after ingesting Btk,the larvae of the other tested species showed three types of response to feeding on the formulas:type I,the tested larvae(H.armigera)were killed by Btk infection so quickly that insufficient time and resources remained for ascoviral invasion;type II,both Btk and the ascovirus were depleted by their competition,such that neither was successfully released or colonized the tissue;type II,Btk was eliminated by the ascovirus,and the ascovirus achieved systemic infection in the tested larvae.The feeding of Btk/ascovirus formulas led to a great reduction in larval diet consumption and resulted in a significant decrease in the emergence rate of H.armigera,M.separata,and S.litura larvae,which suggested that the formulas exerted marked oral control effects on both the contemporary individuals and the next generation of these tested pest species.

关键词： ascovirus Bacillus thuringiensis formulation Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h(HvAV-3h) Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3j(HvAV-3j) per os infectivity

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Transgenic plants expressing the AalT/GNA fusion protein show increased resistance and toxicity to both chewing and sucking pests

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Insect Science 2016年第2期23卷 265-276页

作者： Shu-Min Liu Jie Li Jin-Qi Zhu Xiao-Wei Wang Cheng-Shu Wang Shu-Sheng Liu Xue-Xin Chen Sheng Li key laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai State key laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture key laboratory of Agricultural entomology Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

The adoption of pest-resistant transgenic plants to reduce yield losses and de- crease pesticide use has been successful. To achieve the goal of controlling both chewing and sucking pests in a given transgenic plant, we generated transgenic tobacco, Arabidopsis, and rice plants expressing the fusion protein, AalT/GNA, in which an insecticidal scor- pion venom neurotoxin （Androctonus australis toxin, AalT） is fused to snowdrop lectin （Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, GNA）. Compared with transgenic tobacco and Arabidop- sis plants expressing AaIT or GNA, transgenic plants expressing AalT/GNA exhibited increased resistance and toxicity to one chewing pest, the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. Transgenic tobacco and rice plants expressing AalT/GNA showed increased resistance and toxicity to two sucking pests, the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, and the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, respectively. Moreover, in the field, transgenic rice plants expressing AalT/GNA exhibited a significant improvement in grain yield when infested with N. lugens. This study shows that expressing the AalT/GNA fusion protein in transgenic plants can be a useful approach for controlling pests, particularly sucking pests which are not susceptible to the toxin in Bt crops.

关键词： AalT AalT/GNA chewing pest GNA fusion protein pest control resistance sucking pest toxicity transgenic plant

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Resistance of barley varieties to Heterodera avenae in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第5期21卷 1401-1413页

作者： YAN Jia-hui JIA Jian-ping JIANG Li-ling PENG De-liang LIU Shi-ming HOU Sheng-ying YU Jing-wen LI Hui-xia HUANG Wen-kun key laboratory of Agricultural Integrated pest Management Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesXining 810016P.R.China State key laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect pests/Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China College of Plant Protection Gansu Agricultural UniversityBiocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou 730070P.R.China

The cereal cyst nematode,Heterodera avenae,is one of the most economically important pathogens impacting the worldwide production of cereals and is widely distributed in more than 16 regions in China.The present study used the numbers of nematodes inside the plant roots to evaluate the resistance/susceptibility of different subpopulations of barley Hordeum vulgare(QH2R,QH6R and TB2R)to H.avenae under field and pot conditions.Nematode development in two highly resistant varieties was also evaluated by in vivo experiment and microscopic observation.Analyses of 186selected varieties showed the numbers of susceptible varieties identified with the number of females/cysts per plant(NFP)method were significantly higher than those identified with the Pf/Pi ratio(PPR)method,which indicated that the NFP method rather than the PPR method is more reliable to evaluate the resistance of barley.The field and pot experiment results indicated that the QH2R subpopulation had lower females/cysts numbers than QH6R and TB2R subpopulations,and eight HR varieties(Sunong 7617,Sunong 7635,Dongyuan 87-14,Rudong 14-46,Rudong 87-57,Rudong 87-8-45,Rudong 88-14-2,and Rudong 88-67-1)were identified in QH2R,with the NFP numbers below 4.2.Further microscopic observation of nematode development suggested that H.avenae often penetrated less into highly resistant varieties(Sunong 7635 and Dongyuan 87-14)and more frequently failed to develop into females than the susceptible barleys.The promising resistant varieties identified in the present research might be helpful for breeders to develop CCN-resistant cultivars and control H.avenae populations effectively at low costs.

关键词： Heterodera avenae barley varieties resistance evaluation number of females/cysts per plant(NFP)

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Widespread Whole Genome Duplications Contribute to Genome Complexity and Species Diversity in Angiosperms

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Molecular Plant 2018年第3期11卷 414-428页

作者： Ren Ren Haifeng Wang Chunce Guo Ning Zhang Liping Zeng Yamao Chen Hong Ma Ji Qi State key laboratory of Genetic engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Science Institute of Plant Biology Center for Evolutionary Biology School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China State key laboratory of Ecological pest control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History MRC 166 Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China These authors contributed equally to this article.

Gene duplications provide evolutionary potentials for generating novel functions, while polyploidization or whole genome duplication （WGD） doubles the chromosomes initially and results in hundreds to thousands of retained duplicates. WGDs are strongly supported by evidence commonly found in many species-rich lineages of eukaryotes, and thus are considered as a major driving force in species diversification. We per- formed comparative genomic and phylogenomic analyses of 59 public genomes/transcriptomes and 46 newly sequenced transcriptomes covering major lineages of angiosperms to detect large-scale gene dupli- cation events by surveying tens of thousands of gene family trees. These analyses confirmed most of the previously reported WGDs and provided strong evidence for novel ones in many lineages. The detected WGDs supported a model of exponential gene loss during evolution with an estimated half-life of approx- imately 21.6 million years, and were correlated with both the emergence of lineages with high degrees of diversification and periods of global climate changes. The new datasets and analyses detected many novel WGDs widely spread during angiosperm evolution, uncovered preferential retention of gene functions in essential cellular metabolisms, and provided clues for the roles of WGD in promoting angiosperm radiation and enhancing their adaptation to environmental changes.

关键词： whole genome duplication duplicate gene polyploidization angiosperm phylogenomics

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Effects of dietary nickel on apoptosis of hemocytes of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) larvae

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第4期55卷 390-397页

作者： SUN HongXia Xia Qiang TANG WenCheng ZHOU Qiang ZHANG GuRen DANG Zhi The key laboratory of Pollution control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of Education & School of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China State key laboratory for Biological control & Institute of entomology Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Zhuhai Campus Zunyi Medical College Zhuhai 519041 China

Effects of dietary nickel on apoptosis of hemocytes of the 6th instar larvae of Spodoptera litura Fabricius were evaluated using flow cytometry and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) by feeding S. litura larvae with artificial diets amended with different concentrations of nickel (1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) for 3 generations. Results showed that the hemocyte apoptosis rate of the 1st generation larvae increased with the increasing nickel concentrations in diet, and the apoptosis rate in the treatment with 40 mg/kg nickel was significantly higher than that in other treatments. In the 2nd generation, the highest hemocytes apoptosis rate was recorded in the treatment of the larvae exposed to 5 mg/kg nickel. The apoptosis rates in the larvae stressed by higher concentrations of nickel were lower than that in control. The apoptosis rates in the larvae exposed to nickel for 3 generations showed similar concentration-responses with that in the 2nd generation. However, the apoptosis rates in the larvae stressed with higher levels of nickel were all significantly inhibited in comparison with that in control. Therefore, effects of nickel stress on apoptosis of S. litura larvae were related with the nickel concentration in diets and the larval generations that were stressed by nickel.

关键词：斜纹夜蛾幼虫细胞凋亡镍含量饮食激光扫描共聚焦显微镜作者流式细胞仪口服补液盐

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The Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Plant and Soil Nitrogen Characteristics and Fruit Growth of Rabbiteye Blueberry Plants in a Semi-Arid Region in China

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第1期92卷 209-223页

作者： Xiaolan Guo Di Zhao Jinbin Hu Delu Wang Jianbin Wang Muhammad Shakeel College of Life Sciences Huizhou UniversityHuizhou516007China College of Forestry Guizhou UniversityHuaxi550025China School of Architecture and Civil engineering Huizhou UniversityHuizhou516007China Provincial key laboratory for Agricultural pest Management of Mountainous Regions Institute of EntomologyGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China

To evaluate the effects of nitrogen(N)and irrigation coupling on the soil N distribution,plant N utilization,and fruit yield of rabbiteye blueberries(Vaccinium virgatum),a field experiment was designed using two factors(water and fertilizer application)with four levels of irrigation and three levels of fertilization,and a control.Under the different water and fertilizer combinations,N primarily accumulated in the leaves.Irrigation and N application within appropriate ranges(pure N≤29 g/plant and irrigation volume≤2.5 L/plant)significantly improved the blueberry fruit yield.Increases in water and N within these ranges promoted the effective accumulation of N in various organs and the absorption and utilization of N in the plants,which ultimately promoted blueberry yield.With increased N application rate,the nitrate N content of the 0–20 cm and 20–50 cm soil layers increased.With increased irrigation volume,the nitrate N content of the 0–20 cm soil layer decreased,while the nitrate content in the 20–50 cm soil layer increased.Low N and moderate water treatments resulted in high fruit yields and reduced nitrate N retention in the soil.Under these conditions,the economic input-output ratio was high and the soil N accumulation was low,and thus the economic and ecological benefits were maximized.

关键词： Vaccinium virgatum soil nitrogen distribution plant nitrogen utilization fruit yield

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Two novel gene-specific markers at the Pik locus facilitate the application of rice blast resistant alleles in breeding

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第6期20卷 1554-1562页

作者： TIAN Da-gang CHEN Zi-qiang LIN Yan CHEN Zai-jie LUO Jia-mi JI Ping-sheng YANG Li-ming WANG Zong-hua WANG Feng Fujian key laboratory of Genetic engineering for Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhou 350003P.R.China State key laboratory of Ecological pest control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops College of Life ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002P.R.China College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037P.R.China Department of Plant Pathology University of GeorgiaTiftonGA 31793USA

Blast,a disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae,is a major constraint for rice production worldwide.Introgression of durable blast resistance genes into high-yielding rice cultivars has been considered a priority to control the disease.The blast resistance Pik locus,located on chromosome 11,contains at least six important resistance genes,but these genes have not been widely employed in resistance breeding since existing markers hardly satisfy current breeding needs due to their limited scope of application.In this study,two PCR-based markers,Pikp-Del and Pi1-In,were developed to target the specific In Del(insertion/deletion)of the Pik-p and Pi-1 genes,respectively.The two markers precisely distinguished Pik-p,Pi-1,and the K-type alleles at the Pik locus,which is a necessary element for functional genes from rice varieties.Results also revealed that only several old varieties contain the two genes,of which nearly half carry the K-type alleles.Therefore,these identified varieties can serve as new gene sources for developing blast resistant rice.The two newly developed markers will be highly useful for the use of Pik-p,Pi-1 and other resistance genes at the Pik locus in markerassisted selection(MAS)breeding programs.

关键词： rice blast disease molecular marker Pik-p Pi-1 K-type alleles

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Ecdysteroids in the adults and eggs of Opogona sacchari (Bojer),an invasive alien pest

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2008年第2期51卷 140-144页

作者： WANG FangHai, ZHANG GuRen, WEN RuiZhen & HE GuoFeng State key laboratory for Biological control and Institute of entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China State key laboratory for Biological control and Institute of entomology Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

In order to understand the composition and quantitative variation of ecdysteriods in the adults and eggs of Opogona sacchari (Bojer), an invasive alien pest, we analyzed the ecdysteroid composition and titers in the adult and egg of this pest. On day 4 after eclosion, the titer of ecdysteriods in the male adult was 0.080 ng/adult, much lower than 5.978 ng/adult in the female adult. During the development of ovaries, the titer of ecdysteriods was low on the first two days, and high in the late period, with the peak (10.48 ng/ovary) appearing on day 3. During the development of eggs, the titer of ecdysteriods was about 0.010 ng/egg from day 1 to day 3, and then decreased to 0.006 ng/egg on day 4. In both adults and eggs, three main components of ecdysteriods were found by identification of HPLC/RIA. They were 20-hydroxyecdysone, 26-hydroxyecdysone, and an unidentified component.

关键词： Opogona sacchari ecdysteroids adults eggs

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