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Double-blinded,randomized clinical trial of Gegen Qinlian decoction pinpoints Faecalibacterium as key gut bacteria in alleviating hyperglycemia

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 21-33页

作者： Zezheng Gao Wenhui Zhang Lisha He Han Wang Yufei Li Xiaotian Jiang Sha DI Xinmiao Wang Xuan Zhang Lin Han Yanwen Liu Chengjuan Gu Mengyi Wu Xinhui He Lei Cheng Jun Wang Xiaolin Tong Linhua Zhao Institute of Metabolic Diseases Guang'anmen HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100053China Department of Endocrinology Guang anmen HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100053China CAS key laboratory of pathogenic microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137China School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China Department of Endocrinology Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchun 13000oChina Biologicals Science and Technology Institute Baotou Teacher's CollegeBaotou 014030China Department of Endocrinology Zhengzhou T.C.M.HospitalZhengzhou 450007China Shenzhen Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(Futian)Shenzhen 518000China Department of Cardiology Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120China Department of Cardiology Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineKunming 650000China key laboratory of Development and application of Rural Renewable Energy Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChengdu 610041China

Background:Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic disorders,including type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),can be treated with traditional Chinese medicine formulas,such as the Gegen Qinlian decoction(GQD).This study elucidates the mechanisms by which gut microbes mediate the anti-diabetic effects of ***:We conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial involving 120 untreated participants with *** the 12-week intervention,anthropometric measurements and diabetic traits were recorded every 4 *** microbiota and serum metabolites were measured before and after the intervention using 16S rDNA sequencing,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,and Bio-Plex ***:Anti-diabetic effects were observed in the GQD group in the human ***,glycated hemoglobin,fasting plasma glucose,and two-hour postprandial blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the GQD group than in the placebo ***,Faecalibacterium was significantly enriched in the GQD group,and the short-chain fatty acid levels were higher and the serum inflammation-associated marker levels were lower in the GQD group compared to the placebo ***,Faecalibacterium abundance negatively correlated with the levels of serum hemoglobin,fasting plasma glucose,and pro-inflammatory ***,the diabetes-alleviating effect of Faecalibacterium was confirmed by oral administration of Faecalibacterium prausnitzi(DSMZ 17677)in ***:GQD improved type 2 diabetes primarily by modulating the abundance of Faecalibacterium in the gut microbiota,alleviating metabolic disorders and the inflammatory state.

关键词： double-blinded randomized controlled trial type 2 diabetes mellitus Gegen Qinlian decoction Faecalibacterium metabolic disorders inflammation

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The creation of synthetic crystalline bovine insulin

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Protein & Cell 2015年第11期6卷 781-783页

作者： Yeping sun CAS key laboratory of pathogenic microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 China

Fifty years ago, a great achievement in life science occurred in China--the complete synthesis of crystalline bovine insulin--which gave Chinese scientists a sense of great elation and pride. Insulin （Fig. 1） is a hormone secreted by 13 cells in pancreas. Before the clinical application of insulin, diabetes was a feared disease that commonly led to death. Insulin has been studied since 1868 when Paul Langerhans, a medical student in Berlin found clusters of cells in the pancreas （Langerhans, 1868）. These were later called ＂Islets of Langerhans＂. Some of these cells were eventually shown to produce insulin. The term ＂insulin＂ origins from ＂lnsel＂, the German word for ＂islet＂ or ＂small island＂（Sakula, 1988）. Frederick Grant Banting, a young Canadian physician first extracted insulin from the pancreas of a dog whose pancreatic duct had been surgically ligated at University of Toronto in 1921, with the experimental facilities provided by Prof. John James Rickard Macleod and the assistance of one of Macleod＇s students, Charles H. Best. Biochemist James Bertram Collip helped purify the extract. For this work Banting and Macleod shared the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine （***, 2014）.

关键词： Disulfide Bond Nobel Prize Shanghai Institute Full Activity Bovine Insulin

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Genetic variation and function: revealing potential factors associated with microbial phenotypes

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Biophysics Reports 2021年第2期7卷 111-126页

作者： Xiaolin Liu Yue Ma Jun Wang CAS key laboratory of pathogenic microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Innovations in sequencing technology have generated voluminous microbial and host genomic data,making it possible to detect these genetic variations and analyze the function influenced by them. Recently, many studies have linked such genetic variations to phenotypes through association or comparative analysis, which have further advanced our understanding of multiple microbial functions. In this review, we summarized the application of association analysis in microbes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, focusing on screening of microbial genetic variants potentially associated with phenotypes such as drug resistance, pathogenesis and novel drug targets etc.; reviewed the application of additional comparative genomic or transcriptomic methods to identify genetic factors associated with functions in microbes; expanded the scope of our study to focus on host genetic factors associated with certain microbes or microbiome and summarized the recent host genetic variations associated with microbial phenotypes, including susceptibility and load after infection of HIV, presence/absence of different taxa,and quantitative traits of microbiome, and lastly, discussed the challenges that may be encountered and the apparent or potential viable solutions. Gene-function analysis of microbe and microbiome is still in its infancy, and in order to unleash its full potential, it is necessary to understand its history, current status, and the challenges hindering its development.

关键词： Genetic variation Phenotype Association analysis Comparative analysis Microbiome

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Development and Evaluation of a Universal and Supersensitive NS1-Based Luciferase Immunosorbent Assay to Detect Zika Virus-Specific IgG

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第1期35卷 93-102页

作者： Tianyu Wang Ying Zhan De Wu Zhihai Chen Wei Wu Yao Deng Wenling Wang Wenjie Tan Shixing Tang Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of Tropical Disease Research Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China NHC key laboratory of Biosafety National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChina CDCBeijing 102206China key laboratory for repository and application of pathogenic microbiology Research Center for Pathogens Detection Technology of Emerging Infectious DiseasesGuangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou 511430China The National Clinical key Department of Infectious Disease Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100015China

Zika virus(ZIKV) causes rash, moderate fever, conjunctivitis, and arthralgia, and has serious connection with neurological complications;therefore, it is a major threat to public health. A rapid and supersensitive method for detecting anti-ZIKV antibodies in humans and animals is thus urgently required. Here, we report an NS1-based luciferase immunosorbent assay(LISA), developed to detect ZIKV-specific IgG. Fusion proteins including a reporter Nano-luciferase(NLuc) and various fragments of ZIKV NS1 protein were expressed in 293 T cells. LISA was performed using the above cell lysates containing the expressed fusion proteins. Sample panels of humans and animals infected with ZIKV were examined for sensitivity of LISA, relative to those of ZIKV RT-PCR, commercial NS1-based ELISA, and micro-neutralization(MN) *** and potential cross-reactivity were also evaluated using various convalescent serum samples derived from patients infected with dengue virus(DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV), and hepatitis C virus(HCV). Results indicated the optimal antigenic domain for anti-ZIKV IgG detection was located within 172–352 amino acids(aa) of ZIKV NS1 protein. NS1-based LISA performs better than commercial ELISA in anti-ZIKV Ig G detection. LISA was shown to be at least fourfold more sensitive than commercial ELISA, and could detect anti-ZIKV Ig G in various animal hosts without the need of species-specific labeled antibody. This novel assay is potentially useful for the rapid and sensitive detection of anti-ZIKV IgG in human and animal samples.

关键词： Zika virus(ZIKV) NS1 Luciferase immunosorbent assay IgG Detection

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Engineering of a genome-reduced host: practical application of synthetic biology in the overproduction of desired secondary metabolites

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Protein & Cell 2010年第7期1卷 621-626页

作者： Hong Gao Ying Zhuo Elizabeth Ashforth Lixin Zhang CAS key laboratory of pathogenic microbiology&Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Synthetic biology aims to design and build new biological systems with desirable properties,providing the foundation for the biosynthesis of secondary *** most prominent representation of synthetic biology has been used in microbial engineering by recombinant DNA ***,there are advantages of using a deleted host,and therefore an increasing number of biotechnology studies follow similar strategies to dissect cellular networks and construct genomereduced *** review will give an overview of the strategies used for constructing and engineering reduced-genome factories by synthetic biology to improve production of secondary metabolites.

关键词： synthetic biology reduced-genome secondary metabolite

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Identification and Characterization of a Distinct Strain of Beak and Feather Disease Virus in Southeast China

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第1期35卷 43-51页

作者： Yanmei Ma Xiaoyong Chen keyuan Chen Xiancheng Zeng Shili Yang Wei Chang Yao Tang Xiaoli Chen Song Wang Ji-Long Chen Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002China CAS key laboratory of pathogenic microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China Fuzhou Zoo Fuzhou 350012China

Beak and feather disease virus(BFDV) is an infectious agent responsible for feather degeneration and beak deformation in birds. In March 2017, an epidemic of psittacine beak and feather disease(PBFD) struck a farm in Fuzhou in the Fujian Province of southeast China, resulting in the death of 51 parrots. In this study, the disease was diagnosed and the pathogen was identified by PCR and whole genome sequencing. A distinct BFDV strain was identified and named as the FZ *** BFDV strain caused severe disease symptoms and pathological changes characteristic of typical PBFD in parrots, for example, loss of feathers and deformities of the beak and claws, and severe pathological changes in multiple organs of the infected birds. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the FZ strain was more closely related to the strain circulating in New Caledonia than the strains previously reported in China. Nucleotide homology between the FZ strain and other 43 strains of BFDV ranged from 80.0% to 92.0%. Blind passage experiment showed that this strain had limited replication capability in SPF Chicken Embryos and DF-1 Cells. Furthermore, the capsid(Cap) gene of this FZ strain was cloned into the p GEX-4 T-1 expression vector to prepare the polyclonal anti-Cap antibody. Western blotting analysis using the anti-Cap antibody further confirmed that the diseased parrots were infected with BFDV. In this study, a PBFD and its pathogen was identified for the first time in Fujian Province of China, suggesting that future surveillance of BFDV should be performed.

关键词： Beak and feather disease virus(BFDV) Parrot FZ strain Capsid protein(Cap) Phylogenetic analysis

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Comparison of nonhuman primates identified the suitable model for COVID-19

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 1102-1110页

作者： Shuaiyao Lu Yuan Zhao Wenhai Yu Yun Yang Jiahong Gao Junbin Wang Dexuan Kuang Mengli Yang Jing Yang Chunxia Ma Jingwen Xu Xingli Qian Haiyan Li Siwen Zhao Jingmei Li Haixuan Wang Haiting Long Jingxian Zhou Fangyu Luo Kaiyun Ding Daoju Wu Yong Zhang Yinliang Dong Yuqin Liu Yinqiu Zheng Xiaochen Lin Li Jiao Huanying Zheng Qing Dai Qiangming Sun Yunzhang Hu Changwen Ke Hongqi Liu Xiaozhong Peng National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center Institute of Medical BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeYunnanChina State key laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesMedical Primate Research CenterNeuroscience CenterChinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Medical key laboratory for repository and application of pathogenic microbiology Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhouChina

Identification of a suitable nonhuman primate(NHP)model of COVID-19 remains ***,we characterized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection in three NHP species:Old World monkeys Macaca mulatta(***)and Macaca fascicularis(***)and New World monkey Callithrix jacchus(***).Infected *** and *** showed abnormal chest radiographs,an increased body temperature and a decreased body *** genomes were detected in swab and blood samples from all *** load was detected in the pulmonary tissues of *** and *** but not ***,among the three animal species,*** showed the strongest response to SARS-CoV-2,including increased inflammatory cytokine expression and pathological changes in the pulmonary ***,these data revealed the different susceptibilities of Old World and New World monkeys to SARS-CoV-2 and identified *** as the most suitable for modeling COVID-19.

关键词： acute respiratory COV

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Pathogen genomic surveillance elucidates the origins, transmission and evolution of emerging viral agents in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第12期60卷 1317-1330页

作者： Weifeng Shi Juan Li Hong Zhou George F.Gao key laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong (Taishan Medical College) Taishan Medical College National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) CAS key laboratory of pathogenic microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences

In the past twenty years, numerous novel zoonotic viral agents with pandemic potential have emerged in China, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) coronavirus and, more recently, the avian-origin influenza A/H7N9 virus, which have caused outbreaks among humans with high morbidity and mortality. In addition, several emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens have also been imported into China from travelers, e.g. the Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS) coronavirus and Zika virus(ZIKV). Herein, we review these emerging viral pathogens in China and focus on how surveillance by pathogen genomics has been employed to discover and annotate novel pathogenic agents, identify natural reservoirs, monitor the transmission events and delineate their evolution and adaption to the human host. We also highlight the application of genomic sequencing in the recent Ebola epidemics in Western Africa. In summary, genomic sequencing has become a standard research tool in the field of emerging infectious diseases which has been proven invaluable in containing these viral infections and reducing burden of disease in humans and animals. Genomic surveillance of pathogenic agents will serve as a key epidemiological and research tool in the modern era of precision infectious diseases and in the future studies of virosphere.

关键词： emerging infectious diseases SARS-CoV MERS-CoV genomic surveillance H7N9 Zika Ebola

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Website for avian flu information and bioinformatics

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第5期52卷 470-473页

作者： GAO George Fu CAS key laboratory of pathogenic microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI) Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) China-Japan Joint laboratory on Molecular microbiology and Molecular Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institutes of Life Science (BioLS) Chinese Academy of Sciences

Highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5N1 has spread out worldwide and raised the public concerns. This increased the output of influenza virus sequence data as well as the research publication and other reports. In order to fight against H5N1 avian flu in a comprehensive way, we designed and started to set up the Website for Avian Flu Information (http://***) from 2004. Other than the influenza virus database available, the website is aiming to integrate diversified information for both researchers and the public. From 2004 to 2009, we collected information from all aspects, i.e. reports of outbreaks, scientific publications and editorials, policies for prevention, medicines and vaccines, clinic and diagnosis. Except for publications, all information is in Chinese. Till April 15, 2009, the cumulative news entries had been over 2000 and research papers were approaching 5000. By using the curated data from Influenza Virus Resource, we have set up an influenza virus sequence database and a bioinformatic platform, providing the basic functions for the sequence analysis of influenza virus. We will focus on the collection of experimental data and results as well as the integration of the data from the geological information system and avian influenza epidemiology.

关键词： avian influenza virus website bioinformatic platform

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Expanding the Scope of Multivariate Regression Approaches in Cross-Omics Research

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Engineering 2021年第12期7卷 1725-1731页

作者： Xiaoxi Hu Yue Ma Yakun Xu Peiyao Zhao Jun Wang CAS key laboratory of pathogenic microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21205USA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Biostatistics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109-2029USA

Recent technological advancements and developments have led to a dramatic increase in the amount of high-dimensional data and thus have increased the demand for proper and efficient multivariate regression *** traditional multivariate approaches such as principal component analysis have been used broadly in various research areas,including investment analysis,image identification,and population genetic structure ***,these common approaches have the limitations of ignoring the correlations between responses and a low variable selection ***,in this article,we introduce the reduced rank regression method and its extensions,sparse reduced rank regression and subspace assisted regression with row sparsity,which hold potential to meet the above demands and thus improve the interpretability of regression *** conducted a simulation study to evaluate their performance and compared them with several other variable selection *** different application scenarios,we also provide selection suggestions based on predictive ability and variable selection ***,to demonstrate the practical value of these methods in the field of microbiome research,we applied our chosen method to real population-level microbiome data,the results of which validated our *** method extensions provide valuable guidelines for future omics research,especially with respect to multivariate regression,and could pave the way for novel discoveries in microbiome and related research fields.

关键词： Multivariate regression methods Reduced rank regression Sparsity Dimensionality reduction Variable selection

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