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APPLICATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION MAGNETIC METHOD AND GRADIENT METHOD TO LOCATE ABANDONED BRINE-WELLS IN HUTCHINSON, kansas, U.S.A.

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工程地球物理学报 2004年第1期1卷 17-25页

作者： CHEN Chao XIA Jianghai XIA Sihao David Laflen Stephen L. Williams The China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China The University of kansas Lawrence Kansas USA The City of Hutchinson Kansas USA

After successfully locating one abandoned brine well by an electromagnetic method during testing in 2001 and five abandoned brine wells by a high resolution magnetic method during 2002, a high resolution magnetic method was again proposed to search for wells in 2003 when a second sensor was employed to acquire data for calculating the pseudo vertical gradient of magnetic fields. Total area surveyed in 2003 was 1,024,000 ft 2, which was divided into grids with an average size of 10,000 ft 2 and distributed across eight different sites. Magnetic anomalies and their vertical gradients from known brine wells were first recorded as signatures to identify anomalies caused by possible buried brine wells. Of fifty one verified anomalies, thirty one anomalies were due to wells buried at depths from 0 to 8.5 ft: twenty one 6 to 9 inch abandoned brine wells, seven 1.5 to 3 inch probable water wells, one 16 inch dewatering well for a construction site at a depth of 3 ft, and two 4 inch wells on the ground surface. Approximate monopole shaped anomalies were observed from all these wells after data corrections. However, the range of amplitudes of magnetic anomalies from 7,000 to 28,000 nT from these abandoned brine wells was measured. This range of anomalies is mainly due to the thickness and depth of buried wells. Anomaly amplitudes from 1.5 to 3 inch wells are 4,000 to 8,000 nT and linearly correlate with the buried depth. One 3 inch well that caused an anomaly of 13,000 nT could be the inner pipe of a brine well. Gradient anomalies are roughly in a range of 100 to 200 nT/inch for 1.5 to 3 inch wells and 200 to 300 nT/inch for brine *** indicated by the potential field theory, gradient data possess higher horizontal resolution than the magnetic field itself. Gradient data provide valuable assistance in determining horizontal locations of anomaly sources for excavation. In practice, however, improvement in the horizontal resolution is limited by survey line spacing. If only

关键词： High resolution magnetic method Magnetic gradient method Brine Well

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A Review of the Factors Affecting the Incidence of Malignant Hyperthermia in the Greater kansas City Area

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第5期5卷 452-461页

作者： Charles H. Williams George P. Hoech Mark G. Zukaitis Gastonia USA kansas City USA Sunrise Beach USA

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a rare genetic disease. However, it is devastating when it occurs in a patient. MH is usually triggered by inhalational anesthetics and/or depolarizing muscle relaxants. Public awareness of MH has increased with the presentation of an episode on the television program, “House”, and the availability of web-based information. For over 20 years, the MH susceptible pig has been used in experiments by our group as an animal model for MH in humans. The incidence of Malignant Hyperthermia in the Greater kansas City Area has declined dramatically since the introduction of Sevoflurane in 1992 as the anesthetic of choice (over 60% usage rate) in most surgical procedures. Historically, Malignant Hyperthermia was reported to occur at a rate of 1:50,000 during surgical procedures [1]. In the Greater kansas City Area, Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) occurred at a rate of 1:53,636 during the 1965-1985 time period, as there were 38 MH cases in 35 patients [2]. During the past ten years (1996-2006), there were only 2 cases of MH, representing an incidence rate of 1:597,240. That decrease is an 11.13 fold (or 89%) decrease which is very significant. Despite the reduced incidence of Malignant Hyperthermia, two recent cases of MH that result in deaths in Wisconsin and Florida make it imperative that MH is recognized early and appropriate treatment initiated without delay. We have expanded our analysis of the futile cycle mechanism that underlies the MH syndrome. MH is equivalent to the rapid discharge of a battery by a short circuit.

关键词： Sevoflurane Malignant Hyperthermia

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Calibrating Vegetation Cover and Grassland Pollen Assemblages in the Flint Hills of kansas, USA

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第7期4卷 1-10页

作者： Julie L. Commerford Kendra K. McLauchlan Shinya Sugita Department of Geography Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Geography Kansas State University Manhattan USA Institute of Ecology Tallinn University Tallinn Estonia.

Grassland cover and composition respond to climate and have undoubtedly changed during the Holocene, but quantitative reconstructions from fossil pollen have been vague about spatial scale and taxon-specific cover. Here, we estimate the relevant source area of pollen for sedimentary basins approximately 50 m in radius, and we report pollen productivity estimates for 12 plant taxa in the tallgrass prairies of central North America. Both relevant source area of pollen and pollen productivity estimates were calculated via the Extended R-Value Model. To obtain these estimates, we collected and quantified the pollen found in surface sediment samples from 24 ponds across the study area. Vegetation was surveyed in the field in a 100 m radius around each pond, and vegetation maps from the kansas Gap Analysis Project (GAP) were used to a radius of 2 km. Pollen fall speeds were calculated according to Stoke’s Law. Pollen assemblages from basins approximately 50 m in radius have a relevant source area of 1060 m in this grassland landscape. Pollen productivity estimates range from 0.02 to over 30 among the 12 taxa: Artemisia, Ambrosia, Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cornus, Fabaceae, Juniperus, Maclura, Poaceae, Populus, Quercus, and Salix. Woody taxa generally have higher pollen productivity than herbaceous taxa (except for Chenopodiaceae and Ambrosia).

关键词： Grassland Pollen Prairie North America Paleoecology

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Responses of Macroinvertebrate Community Metrics to a Wastewater Discharge in the Upper Blue River of kansas and Missouri, USA

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第15期7卷 1195-1220页

作者： Barry C. Poulton Jennifer L. Graham Teresa J. Rasmussen Mandy L. Stone Mandy L. Stone U.S. Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center Columbia Missouri USA U.S. Geological Survey Kansas Water Science Center Lawrence Kansas USA

The Blue River Main wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) discharges into the upper Blue River (725 km2), and is recently upgraded to implement biological nutrient removal. We measured biotic condition upstream and downstream of the discharge utilizing the macroinvertebrate protocol developed for kansas streams. We examined responses of 34 metrics to determine the best indicators for discriminating site differences and for predicting biological condition. Significant differences between sites upstream and downstream of the discharge were identified for 15 metrics in April and 12 metrics in August. Upstream biotic condition scores were significantly greater than scores at both downstream sites in April (p = 0.02), and in August the most downstream site was classified as non-biologically supporting. Thirteen EPT taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) considered intolerant of degraded stream quality were absent at one or both downstream sites. Increases in tolerance metrics and filtering macroinvertebrates, and a decline in ratio of scrapers to filterers all indicated effects of increased nutrient enrichment. Stepwise regressions identified several significant models containing a suite of metrics with low redundancy (R2 = 0.90 - 0.99). Based on the rapid decline in biological condition downstream of the discharge, the level of nutrient removal resulting from the facility upgrade (10% - 20%) was not enough to mitigate negative effects on macroinvertebrate communities.

关键词： Macroinvertebrates Metrics Wastewater Nutrients

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Mixed neuroendocrine and adenocarcinoma of gastrointestinal tract:A complex diagnosis and therapeutic challenge

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2295-2299页

作者： Santosh Shenoy Department of General Surgery Kansas City VA Medical CenterUniversity of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas CityMO 64128United States

In this editorial we comment on the manuscript describing a case of adenocarcinoma mixed with a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gastroesophageal *** neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal system are rare heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by a high malignant potential,rapid growth,and poor *** to the rarity of these cancers,the standard therapy is poorly *** diagnosis of these tumors is based on combination of morphological features,immunohistochemical and neuroendocrine and epithelial cell *** endocrine and epithelial cell components can act independently of each other and thus,careful grading of each component separately is *** cancers are aggressive in nature and the potential of each component has paramount importance in the choice of treatment and *** of the organ of origin,these tumors portend poor prognosis with increased proportion of neuroendocrine *** services and strategies are required for the management of these mixed malignancies to provide the best oncological *** etiopathogenesis of these mixed tumors remains obscure but poses interesting *** briefly discuss a few salient points in this editorial.

关键词： Mixed adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma Mixed neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine neoplasm Mixed adeno-neuroendocrine cancer Cell reprograming Tumor plasticity

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Synchronous gastric and colon cancers:Important to consider hereditary syndromes and chronic inflammatory disease associations

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 571-576页

作者： Santosh Shenoy Department of General Surgery Kansas City VA Medical CenterUniversity of Missouri-Kansas CityKansasMO 64128United States

In this editorial we comment on the manuscript,describing management and surveillance strategies in synchronous and metachronous,gastric and colon *** or metachronous primary malignancies at different sites of the gastrointestinal tract pose a unique diagnostic and therapeutic *** services and strategies are required for the management of multiple site primary malignancies,to provide the best oncological *** this study highlights the dual cancers in 76 sporadic cases,the authors excluded 55 patients due to combination of factors which includes;incomplete clinical data,genetic syndrome,gastric stump *** addition,the authors did not elaborate if any patients presented with signet ring cell morphology,E-cadherin mutations or presence of inflammatory bowel *** and mutational errors and epithelial field defects from chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are important when considering synchronous gastric and colonic *** will briefly discuss these in this editorial.

关键词： Synchronous gastric Colon cancers Gene mutation Chronic inflammation

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Disparities in Oral Health among School-Aged Children in kansas

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015年第6期5卷 291-298页

作者： Frank Dong Elizabeth Ablah Robert Hines Ann Lazar Judy Johnston Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health University of Kansas School of Medicine Wichita USA University of California School of Dentistry San Francisco CA USA

Background: The effects of age, rural-urban geographic location, and percentage of Free and Reduced Price Meal Program (FRPMP) participation on children’s oral health outcome measures (untreated decay, treated decay, and sealants) have not been fully explored in kansas. Methods: The current study utilized a surveillance sample of 140,217 children (grades K through 12) attending 200 schools in kansas, which requested screening assistance from the kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) from 2012 to 2013. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant factors associated with oral health outcome measures. Results: Older children were associated with decreased odds of having untreated decay, and increased odds of having treated decay and sealants. Children attending very rural schools had increased odds of untreated and treated decay and decreased odds of presence of sealants. For every 5% increase in the school-level %FRPMP, the odds of having untreated and treated decay increased by 5% and 3%, respectively. However, %FRPMP was not statistically associated with the presence of sealants. Conclusions: Children attending schools in very rural and rural areas appear to have worse oral health outcomes, as measured by higher proportions of untreated and treated decay, and a smaller proportion of presence of sealants.

关键词： Untreated Decay Treated Decay Sealants School Children Rural Age

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The Impact of Discount Rate and Price on Intertemporal Groundwater Models in Southwest kansas

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第7期9卷 745-759页

作者： Mallory K. Vestal Bridget L. Guerrero Bill B. Golden Logan D. Harkey Department of Agricultural Sciences West Texas A&M University Canyon TX USA Department of Agricultural Economics Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

Agriculture plays a vital role in the growth and development of the High Plains Region of the United States. With the development and adoption of irrigation technology, this region was transformed into one of the most agriculturally productive regions in the world [1]. The primary source of irrigation in this region is the Ogallala Aquifer. Currently, water from the aquifer is being used at a much faster rate than natural recharge can occur, resulting in a high rate of depletion from this finite resource. Depletion of scarce water resources will have a significant economic impact on the long-term sustainability of the region. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact alternative prices and discount rates have on groundwater policy recommendations. Deterministic models of groundwater withdrawals were developed and used in order to analyze and evaluate the impact of high, average, and low crop prices in a status quo scenario as well as a policy scenario reducing irrigated acreage allocation. Furthermore, this study analyzes the effects and associated consequences of alternative discount rates on net and total revenue. As indicated by results of this study, alternative prices, costs, and discount rates utilized in a model have an effect on policy effectiveness.

关键词： Acreage Reduction Discount Rate Irrigation Ogallala Aquifer Water Policy

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Assessing the Safety Impacts of Increased Speed Limits on kansas Freeways

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2019年第1期9卷 56-77页

作者： Reza S. Shirazinejad Sunanda Dissanayake Ahad Amini Pishro Department of Civil Engineering Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Civil and Construction Engineering Kennesaw State University Kennesaw USA Department of Civil Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China

Suitable speed limit is important for providing safety for road users. Lower-than-required posted speed limits could cause the majority of drivers non-compliant and higher-than-required posted speed limits may also increase the number of crashes with related severities. The speed limit raised in kansas from 70 mph to 75 mph on a number of freeway segments in 2011. The goal of this study is to assess the safety impacts of the freeway sections influenced by speed limit increase. Three years before and three years after speed limit increase was considered and three methods were used: 1-Empirical Bayes (EB), 2-before-and-after with comparison group, and 3-cross-sectional study. The Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) were estimated and showed 16 percent increase for total crashes according to EB method. Further, the before-and-after with comparison group method showed 27 percent increase in total crashes and 35 percent increase on fatal and injury crashes. The cross- sectional method also presented 25 percent increase on total crashes and 62 percent increase on fatal and injury crashes. It was seen that these increases were statistically significant.

关键词： Speed Limit Increase Fatal and Injury Crashes Freeways Safety Evaluation Crash Modification Factors

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Soils in extraterrestrial space: Need for studies under microgravity

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 13-14页

作者： M.B.KIRKHAM Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506USA

With the increased interest of plants in space, gravity cannot be ignored when studying soil-plant-water relations. Therefore, it is important to understand the water relations of soils under zero gravity in space or under reduced gravity on the Moon or Mars. This paper outlines the problems of moving water in soils under zero gravity or microgravity, as well as growing plants in these soils. It is suggested that microgravity experiments could be done on Earth using both soils and plants. Results from such experiments could be used to grow plants when mankind establishes bases on the Moon and Mars.

关键词： soils soil bases

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