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Georgian Literature before the Weltliteratur

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2023年第2期7卷 16-24页

作者： Irma Ratiani iv.Javakhishvili tbilisi state university

The history of Georgian writing starts much earlier than when Goethe introduced the term"Weltliteratur."It starts from the era of Christianity from the 4th *** to the fast spread of Christianity in the Early Medieval period,Georgia was already included in the European net of Christian *** branches of Christian spiritual literature were *** culture and literature naturally were developing in the frame of the Western European *** period of the 11th-12th centuries was a Golden Era for Georgia,and the heyday of fame for Georgian culture and literature as *** during this period,"The Knight in the Panther's Skin"was created by Shota *** from its aesthetic,philosophical,and worldview depth,it is a first text in Georgian literature as well as in European literature which reflects the clashing of two huge univ.rses in Georgian culturethe West and the *** Western principles are revealed in the Christian worldview of the text,in the way of thinking of the author and in its genre;however,the 12th century is already a period of strengthening of the influence of Eastern culture and literature in the European part of the Caucasus,and Rustaveli regards with obvious favor the Oriental poetic ***,at this stage of European literary history,Georgian literature was separated from the Western European literary process due to tragic political *** for literature,it was a period of almost three centuries of *** the fall of Constantinople,Georgian literature had to move closer to the Eastern area as an historically offered *** the 17th century,the process of the returning of Georgian political and cultural life back within the European frame had been *** Georgian writers were able to tie Georgian literature to the cultural models of European Classicism and the Enlightenment.

关键词： Georgian literature European literature the West and the East

Impact of Anthropogenic Factor on Karst Landscape (Zemo Imereti Structural Plateau Case Study), Georgia, Caucasus

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Open Journal of Geology 2020年第7期10卷 771-783页

作者： Zaza Lezhava Kukuri Tsikarishvili Lasha Asanidze Nino Chikhradze Guranda Avkopashvili Tamari Tolordava Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia School of Natural Sciences and Medicine Ilia State University Tbilisi Georgia Elevter Andronikashvili Institute of Physics Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia

The Zemo Imereti (Chiatura) Structural Plateau covers the easternmost part of the western Georgia limestone belt and is the only region of the platform karst in the entire Caucasus. Zemo Imereti Plateau’s complex structural studies revealed that the karst landscape has been completely transformed due to human strong economic activ.ties, mainly related to the manganese unplanned, predatory extraction. The ore mining process completely destroyed the soil and vegetation cover thus creating “anthropo-badlands”. Due to manganese open-cast mining, the layers located over limestones are almost totally removed and heavy rains stipulate intense washout of substances from loose rocks. Intense washout of manganese extracted from mines and high contamination of riv.r water streams take place directly in the riv.r beds. Karst sinkholes and wells are common in the plateau, which are often used as waste fills-storages by the local population. Contaminated underground karst waters flowing into the above mentioned landforms are directly related to the karst springs used by the population and occasionally cause their turbidity and contamination, which is also confirmed by our indicator tests. As a laboratory study of the samples showed, mineralization of underground karst waters in the study area is 1.5 - 3 times higher than similar values in neighboring karst areas, which should be explained by the widespread of manganese open pits in the feeding basins of underground karst waters. According to the materials obtained from our surveys and calculations carried out, karst (chemical) denudation (surface 64.2 - 190.6 m3/km2/year, underground 1.5 - 117.0 m3/km2/year) has been increased in the study area than in other karst regions of Georgia, which is also related to technologic factors.

关键词： Karst Anthropogenic Factor Geoecology Georgia

The Electrolytic Dissociation of Aryl Deriv.tiv.s of Succinic Acid

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2017年第4期10卷 163-171页

作者： Elene Kvaratskhelia Rusudan Kurtanidze R. Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia

In this work, an analysis of the regularities of the electrolytic dissociation of aryl deriv.tiv.s of the succinic acid (phenylsuccinic, benzylsuccinic, dibenzylsuccinic and phenyl-2-benzylsuccinic acids) in their dilute (0.0001 - 0.01 ***-3) solutions was carried out with the aid of a new method of determination of the dissociation parameters of weak multibasic organic acids with the “overlapping equilibria” effect previously described by authors. Values of the usual and “partial” degrees of dissociation, the concentrations of all anions, hydrogen ions and undissociated acid molecules, the activ.ty coefficients of all charged dissociation products were calculated. Together with the accurate equations, the simple empirical equations for fast approximate determination of the various dissociation parameters were also suggested.

关键词： Dissociation Constant Dissociation Degree Weak Organic Acids Equations Dissociation Step

The “Overlapping Equilibria” Effect in the Processes of the Electrolytic Dissociation of Weak Multibasic Organic Acids

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2014年第8期7卷 563-572页

作者： Elene Kvaratskhelia Ramaz Kvaratskhelia Rusudan Kurtanidze R. Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia

The “overlapping equilibria” effect observed in the processes of electrolytic dissociation of many weak multibasic organic acids determines the character of these processes. In this communication, the degree of “overlapping equilibria” in case of weak dibasic organic acids is quantitativ.ly characterized by the values of “partial” degree of dissociation for second step and ratio of the concentrations of dianion and monoanion. It has been shown that these dissociation parameters are directly connected with the values of the second dissociation constant. It has been also shown that the contribution of third dissociation step in the “overlapping equilibria” effect is especially appreciable in case of penta and hexabasic weak organic acids causing the double “overlapping” phenomenon.

关键词： Dissociation Constant Dissociation Degree “Overlapping Equilibria” Effect Weak Organic Acids

Numerical Modeling of Dust Propagation in the Atmosphere of a City with Complex Terrain. The Case of Background Eastern Light Air

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2020年第7期8卷 1222-1228页

作者： Aleksandre Surmava Vepkhia Kukhalashvili Natia Gigauri Liana Intskirveli George Kordzakhia M. Nodia Institute of Geophysics Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia Institute of Hydrometeorology Georgian Technical University Tbilisi Georgia

Micro-scale processes of dust distribution in the city of tbilisi with very complex topography are modeled using a 3D regional model of atmospheric processes and numerical integration of the transport-diffusion equation of the impurity. The Terrain-following coordinate system is used to take into account the influence of a very complex relief on the process of atmospheric pollution. Modeling is carried out using horizontal grid steps of 300 m and 400 m along latitude and longitude, respectiv.ly. Cases of the stationary background eastern light air are considered. In the model, motor transport is considered as a nonstationary source of pollution from which dust is emitted into the atmosphere. Modeling of dust micro-scale diffusion process showed that the city air pollution depends on the spatial distribution of the main sources of city pollution, i.e. on vehicle traffic intensity, as well as on the spatial distribution of highways, and micro-orography of city and relief of the surrounding territories. It is shown that the dust pollution level in the surface layer of the atmosphere is minimal at 6 a.m. Ground-level concentration rapidly grows with the increase of vehicle traffic intensity and at 12 a.m. reaches maximum allowable concentration (MAC = 0.5 mg/m3) in the vicinity of central city mains. From 12 a.m. to 9 p.m. maximum dust concentration values are within the limits of 0.9 - 1.2 MAC. In the mentioned time interval formation of the high pollution zones, the slow growth of their areas and the value of ground-level concentrations take place. These zones are located in both central and peripheral parts of the city. Their disposition and area sizes depend on the spatial distribution of local wind-generated under the action of complex terrain, as well as on the processes of turbulent and advectiv. dust transfer. From 9 p.m. to 24 p.m. reduction of dust pollution and ground-level concentration takes place. After midnight the city dust pollution process con

关键词： Numerical Modeling Pollution Source Diffusion Dust Distribution Wind

U–Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronology of polygenetic zircons from Beshta and Kamenistaya intrusions(the Greater Caucasus)

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第6期41卷 1019-1029页

作者： David Shengelia Leonid Shumlyanskyy Giorgi Chichinadze Tamara Tsutsunava Giorgi Beridze Irakli Javakhishvili Al.Janelidze Institute of Geology of iv.Javakhishvili tbilisi state university TbilisiGeorgia School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin UniversityPerthAustralia M.P.Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry Mineralogy and Ore FormationKyivUkraine

The Beshta-Kamenistaya intrusions are located in the Main Range structural zone of the Greater *** are composed of tonalitic gneisses that genetically resemble granites of the tholeiitic series of the ophiolitic *** Beshta-Kamenistaya orthogneisses and associated rocks of the nappes differ markedly from those of the Main Range *** of them were overthrust to the Main Range zone during the Bretonian *** age of their protolith and the metamorphism are still not *** the zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating two age populations of zircons have been distinguished in the rocks of the Beshta-Kamenistaya *** age of the main population of zircons from orthogneisses is 426-300 *** age groups can be distinguished in this *** main group yielded a Concordia age of386.9±1.4 *** are also smaller peaks at 409-405,375-373,and 351 *** oldest ages(426-395 Ma)were detected in the core parts of the complex *** assume that the crystallization of the parental for orthogneisses rocks(tonalities)took place at 410-395 Ma,whereas the Concordia age of 386.9±1.4 Ma and a peak at 375-373 Ma correspond to the metamorphic *** whole metamorphic cycle,including progressiv. and regressiv. stages,occurred between 395 and 370 ***,dated in the Beshta-Kamenistaya intrusion at350 Ma and younger,correspond to the Late Variscan *** dated 3102-2769 Ma represent xenocrysts captured by the melts during their formation from the ancient rocks in the crystalline basement.

关键词： The Greater Caucasus Magmatism Metamorphism Orthogneisses U–Pb zircon dating

Study on the Forbidden Gap Width of Strained Epitaxial Lead Selenide Layers by Optical Transmission

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2012年第2期2卷 142-150页

作者： A. M. Pashaev O. I. Davarashvili Z. G. Akhvlediani National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan iv. Javakhishvili tbilisi state university E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics

When studying the optical transmission of thin epitaxial lead selenide layers, the characterization of their parameters such as the index of refraction, and the reflection and absorption coefficients was performed. The forbidden gap width, mainly which increases as decreases the layer thickness, was determined by straightening of the absorption coefficients squared versus the photon energy. Along with the increase in the tangential lattice constant in strained layers, this fact confirms the realization of effectiv. "negativ." pressure in the layers (of biaxial stretching).

关键词：禁带宽度硒化铅应变层光传输吸收系数光纤传输光子能量双向拉伸

Unrelaxed state in Epitaxial Heterostructures Based on Lead Selenide

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Journal of Modern Physics 2012年第6期3卷 502-510页

作者： Arif Pashaev Omari Davarashvili Zaira Akhvlediani Megi Enukashvili Revaz Gulyaev Vladimir Zlomanov iv. Javakhishvili tbilisi state university Tbilisi Georgia M.V. Lomonosov Moscow state university Moscow Russia National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan Baku Azerbaijan

The work deals with the epitaxial PbSe layers grown on the KCl substrates by the method of “hot-wall” molecular epitaxy over the range of layer thicknesses of 20 - 2000 nm. Special emphasis is put on the values of elastic deformations that could be generated and frozen in epitaxial layers with the aim of influencing their energy spectra and optical properties. The maximum deformation at layers tension made up 57% of the initial mismatch between the layer and the substrate (ε = Δa/a = 0.015). In such a solid-state structure effectiv. “negativ.” pressure is realized, which is justified by increase in the tangential lattice constant and the forbidden gap width. This width correlates with the tangential lattice constant (deformation) and corresponds to certain values of definite frequencies of direct electron transitions across the forbidden gap.

关键词： Mismatch Lattice Constant Strained Layer Unrelaxed state Effectiv. “Negativ.” Pressure Optical Characterization

The Prognosis of Delayed Reactions in Rats Using Markov Chains Method

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2016年第1期6卷 19-27页

作者： Sulkhan N. Tsagareli Nino G. Archvadze Otar Tavdishvili Marika Gvajaia Biology Department Faculty of Exact and Natural Scinces Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia Department of Applied Systems for Pattern Recognition Institute of Cybernetics Georgian Technical University Tbilisi Georgia

The original modified method of the direct delayed reaction has been used for the evaluation of food-obtaining strategy across spatial learning tasks in T-maze alternation. The optimal behavioral algorithms for each experimental day have been identified so that the animals obtain maximum possible food amount with minimal number of mistakes. Markov chain method has been used for the prognosis of rat’s behavioral strategy during the spatial learning task. The learning and decision-making represent the probabilistic transition process where the animal choice at each step (state) depends on the learning experience from previous step (state).

关键词： Delayed Reactions Behavioral Algorithm Markov Chain