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Unravelling the linkages of cryosphere and mountain livelihood systems:A case study of Langtang,Nepal

Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第1期12卷 119-131页

作者： Sabamee TULADHAR Binaya PASAKHALA Amina MAHARJAN Arabinda MISHRA international centre for Integrated Mountain development(ICIMOD) Kathmandu44703Nepal

Globally,mountains are often characterized as fragile and hazardous terrains,with vast areas covered by the *** livelihoods of communities in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region are closely linked with the *** over the past few decades,communities in the region have experienced multiple changes,including those driven by climat e change,with direct and immediate impacts on their lives and *** this study,we explore linkages between the cryosphere and high-mountain livelihoods using a social-ecological system *** examines how the complex social-ecological system in villages in Langtang Valley,Nepal,has evolved in response to both cryospheric and socioeconomic *** local communities perceive gradual but significant changes in the cryospheric system,such as receding and thinning glaciers,changing snowfall patterns,changes in temperature and precipitation patterns,and a growing incidence of cryosphere-related hazards,such as avalanches and *** in the Langtang Valley are also facing a number of socioeconomic changes,resulting in changing aspirations,particularly among the *** growing disconnection between society and the surrounding cryosphere,with direct impacts on the transfer and growth of local knowledge systems,are *** simultaneous changes in the cryosphere and the socioeconomic domain have also resulted in a homogenization of livelihood sources,with tourism emerging as the dominant source of *** has resulted in a dependence of the local population on food imported from outside the valley.A growing dependence on tourism for livelihoods,dependence on imports for food and other basic needs,and the lack of a risk reduction strategy might pose great risks for local lives and livelihoods in the long *** pertaining to diversifying livelihoods,harmonizing social capital,and hazard risk assessment are essential for strengthening linkages between cryosphere and the socioe

关键词： Cryosphere-livelihood linkages Social-ecological systems Climate change High-mountain communities Hindu Kush Himalaya Langtang Valley

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Deforestation Trends and Spatial Modelling of its Drivers in the Dry Temperate Forests of Northern Pakistan–A Case study of Chitral

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1192-1207页

作者： Khuram Shehzad Faisal M.Qamer MSR Murthy Sawaid Abbas Laxmi D.Bhatta international centre for Integrated Mountain development (ICIMOD) The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Deforestation is a major environmental challenge in the mountain areas of Pakistan. The study assessed trends in the forest cover in Chitral tehsil over the last two decades using supervised land cover classification of Landsat TM satellite images from 1992, 2000, and 2009, with a maximum likelihood algorithm. In 2009, the forest cover was 10.3% of the land area of Chitral(60,000 ha). The deforestation rate increased from 0.14% per annum in 1992–2000 to 0.54% per annum in 2000–2009, with 3,759 ha forest lost over the 17 years. The spatial drivers of deforestation were investigated using a cellular automaton modelling technique to project future forest conditions. Accessibility(elevation, slope), population density, distance to settlements, and distance to administrative boundary were strongly associated with neighbourhood deforestation. A model projection showed a further loss of 23% of existing forest in Chitral tehsil by 2030, and degradation of 8%, if deforestation continues at the present rate. Arandu Union Council, with 2212 households, will lose 85% of its forest. Local communities have limited income resources and high poverty and are heavily dependent on non-timber forest products for their livelihoods. Continued deforestation will further worsen their livelihood conditions, thus improved conservation efforts are essential.

关键词： Remote sensing Drivers of deforestation Cellular automata

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Inequality and workforce development in the post-COVID-19 environment:The case of Maine

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Economic and Political Studies 2023年第2期11卷 211-233页

作者： Thomas F.Remington Department of Government Harvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA Department of Political Science Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA international centre for the study of institutions and development National Research University Higher School of EconomicsMoscowRussia

The article analyses the interaction between the COVID-19 pandemic and social inequality in the United States,taking the state of Maine as a case *** pandemic has revealed the effects of high economic inequality on public health in the United States,where in comparison to most developed capitalist democracies,the health care system is expensive,inefficient,and highly skewed in quality and ***,for industries that were already losing jobs,the pandemic has accelerated a painful transition and intensified the harsh social and economic consequences of high and rising inequality,especially for low-wage *** case of Maine underscores the point that policies aimed at reducing the disparities in the distribution of income,health care,education,and opportunity will reduce inequality,protect public health,and stimulate economic growth.

关键词： Maine COVID-19 pandemic inequality skill formation workforce development

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China–India collaborative opportunities on science and technology for sustainable development of the Hindu Kush Himalaya

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Science Bulletin 2017年第10期62卷 673-674页

作者： Eklabya Sharma international centre for Integrated Mountain development (ICIMOD) GPO Box 3226 Kathmandu Nepal

China and India have a long historical relationship dating back to the 7th century when Xuanzang(玄奘;Hsüan Tsang)first traveled to India for *** followed the old silk route from China,across central Asia,to ***,China is promoting the‘‘Belt and Road Initiative,'a programme that could reinvigorate the historical connection between the two countries,and provide golden opportunity for collaboration.

关键词：可持续发展印度中国喜马拉雅合作技术科学历史关系

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Implementing a DIKW model on a deep mine cooling system

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international Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第2期29卷 319-326页

作者： Jan Gabriel Pretorius Marc John Mathews Philip Maré Marius Kleingeld Johann van Rensburg centre for Research and Continued Engineering development North-West University Pretoria 0081 South Africa TEMM International (Pty) Ltd

The South African mining industry has been experiencing increasing economic pressure. Deep mines also suffer from very hot workplaces, which leads to safety risks. These factors place stress on managers to reach their production targets while providing safe workplace conditions. The data information knowledge wisdom(DIKW) model, also known as the wisdom hierarchy, was implemented on a deep mine cooling system. This study aims to show that a simple model such as the DIKW model can assist managers in improving their deep mine cooling system's performance. The study found that the DIKW approach is a suitable approach for use on mine cooling systems to facilitate operational *** the DIKW approach to a case study on a mine cooling system created substantial awareness and facilitated a cooling duty improvement of 55% which relates to an increase of 5.3 MW of refrigeration. The results of this study indicate that the DIKW approach may be a suitable approach to optimise management on deep mines using their existing infrastructure.

关键词： DIKW Cooling system Mining Reporting

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Towards the De-secularisation of Heritage

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Built Heritage 2017年第2期1卷 1-15页

作者： Gamini Wijesuriya international centre for the study of Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property(ICCROM) RomeItaly

This paper argues that modern conservation concepts,as portrayed in documents like the Venice Charter,have led to the‘secularisation’of built *** term‘secularisation’is used to describe the over-emphasis on materiality that has led to it being distanced from *** main focus of this approach has been on the well-being of the material contents of *** reason for this can be attributed to the fact that conservation philosophy in its formative stages was rooted in the contemporary secular values of the Western *** paper discusses secularisation and its consequences,resistance to change and its authority or dominance in conservation *** this dominance and authority,the paper argues that changes which focus on people have happened,particularly,over the last two *** changes are characterised as the de-secularisation of *** changes can also be read as a paradigm shift of moving from the care of heritage to that of pursuing the well-being of both heritage and society as a *** providing some sources that can sustain de-secularisation,the paper argues that this shift is a sine qua non for heritage to be meaningful and also to act as a cultural motivator for development.

关键词： secularisation conservation management heritage

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Effects of Sr^(2+) substitution on the structural, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of PZT-PMN ceramics

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international Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第2期21卷 175-180页

作者： Arvind Kumar S.K. Mishra Research and Technology development centre Sharda University

This study described the structural, dielectric, and piezoelectric behavior of Pb1-xSrx[（Zr0.52Ti0.48）0.95（Mn1/3Nb2/3）0.05]O3 ceramics （PSZT-PMN, x=0, 0.025, 0.050, and 0.075）, prepared by a semi-wet route. X-ray diffraction, dielectric, and piezoelectric investigations were carried out to analyze the crystal structure. The relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss were both calculated as the functions of temperature. The room-temperature dielectric constant reaches a maximum for a Sr2＋-modified PZT-PMN ceramic with an x value of 0.050, which corresponds to the morphotropic phase boundary （MPB）. Raman spectroscopy studies also confirm the existence of this MPB for x=0.050. The piezoelectric strain coefficients （d33） value shows a maximum response for this composition. In addition, the phase transition temperature decreases significantly when the Sr2＋concentration increases in the PZT-PMN ceramics.

关键词： ceramic materials strontium substitution structural properties dielectric properties piezoelectricity

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Downscaling and Disaggregating NAO-conflict Nexus in Pre-industrial Europe

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第5期26卷 609-622页

作者： Harry Fung LEE ZHANG David Dian PEI Qing FEI Jie Department of Geography and the international centre of China development Studies University of Hong Kong School of Environment and Natural Resources Renmin University of China centre for Historical Geographical Studies Fudan University

Recently, the desiccation effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) is found to be positively correlated with violent conflict in pre-industrial Europe, with agricultural shrinkage and its subsequent economic shocks to be their causal link. However, it remains unexplored whether the correlation persists if the study period is extended backward in time, a different definition of violent conflict is applied, or the relationship is examined at lower geographic levels. In this study, we based on 835 internal disturbance incidents in Europe during 1049–1800 to conduct long-temporal and multi-scalar examination on the NAO-conflict nexus. ′Time-series′ and ′panel data′ disaggregation approaches, together with Granger Causality, Multiple Regression, and Survival Analyses were applied to verify the nexus quantitatively. Results show that the positive NAO-conflict correlation was significant at the continent and physiographic zone levels. During the positive NAO phases, the annual probability of internal disturbance outbreak increased by 70.0% in the southern Europe and the Mediterranean, a zone most affected by the NAO-induced desiccation effect. Yet, the NAO-conflict correlation was rather inconsistent when it was downscaled to the sub-regional level. Moreover, the NAO-conflict correlation was inflated under the time-series approach, while the panel data approach demonstrated the region-specific nature of the NAO forcing more clearly. The associated implications in examining climate-conflict nexus are discussed. Our findings may be crucial in examining violent conflict in the northwestern Africa, a highly agricultural region affected by the NAO.

关键词： climate change North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) violent conflict internal disturbance Europe

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development and validation of a high throughput LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of pioglitazone and telmisartan in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第6期7卷 381-387页

作者： Pinaki Sengupta Bappaditya Chatterjee Uttam Kumar Mandal Bapi Gorain Tapan Kumar Pal Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Kulliyyah of PharmacyInternational Islamic University MalaysiaMalaysia Lincoln University College Malaysia Bioequivalence study centre Jadavpur UniversityKolkataIndia

Management of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes demands special attention due to their co-existence. Pioglitazone （PIO） and telmisartan （TLM） combination can be beneficial in effective control of cardiovascular complication in diabetes. In this research, we developed and validated a high throughput LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of PIO and TLM in rat plasma. This developed method is more sensitive and can quantitate the analytes in relatively shorter period of time compared to the previously reported methods for their individual quantification. Moreover, till date, there is no bioanalytical method available to simultaneously quantitate PIO and TLM in a single run. The method was validated according to the USFDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. A linear response of the analytes was observed over the range of 0.005-10 pg/mL with satisfactory precision and accuracy. Accuracy at four quality control levels was within 94.27%-106.10%. The inlxa- and inter-day precision ranged from 2.32% to 10.14% and 5.02% to 8.12%, respectively. The method was reproducible and sensitive enough to quantitate PIO and TLM in rat plasma samples of a preclinical pharmacokinetic study. Due to the potential of PIO-TLM combination to be therapeutically explored, this method is expected to have significant usefulness in future.

关键词： LC-MS/MS Rat plasma Pharmacokinetic applicability Telmisartan Pioglitazone Pharmacokinetic application

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Intellectual Property Rights and Patenting in China's High-technology Industries:Does Ownership Matter?

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China & World Economy 2011年第5期19卷 102-122页

作者： Chih-Hai Yang Chun-Chien Kuo Eric D.Ramstetter National Central University JhongliTaiwan Professor National Taipei College of Business TaipeiTaiwan Associate Professor international centre for the study of East Asian development KitakyushuJapan Research Professor

This paper aims to systematically investigate the impacts of strengthening intellectual property rights on patenting in China＇s high-technology industries and to explore the potential differences in response to patent reform by ownership. Empirical results show that the estimated patent elasticity of R ＆D is lower than that for OECD countries, indicating relatively low R＆D productivity for China＇s high-technology industries. The direct innovation effect of technology imports is negative, while the absorptive ability embodied in R＆D helps in gaining external sources of knowledge, thus contributing to innovations. Specifically, strengthening intellectual property rights can induce more innovations in terms of patents in China＇s high-technology industries and is particularly relevant to foreign-owned high- technology enterprises.

关键词： ownership patent R&D technology import

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