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与标准古DNA实验方案相关的污染物评估

science Bulletin 2023年第1期68卷 5-9页

作者：苗波刘雅琳杨若薇冯晓恬刘峰曹鹏戴情燕平婉菁刘逸宸付巧妹 college of life sciences Northwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyCenter for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Shanghai Qi Zhi institute Shanghai 200232China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Ancient DNA(aDNA)techniques have rapidly evolved in the past decade,including the introduction of next-generation sequencing(NGS)techniques,the modification and optimization of various protocols to extract highly degraded DNA,and the incorporation of these molecules into sequencing libraries[1].Two major milestones are the application of single-stranded DNA library construction protocol and the automation of lab work using liquid handling robots[1].

关键词： automation Ancient library

Dynamics of morphological changes for mitochondrial fission and fusion

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第4期53卷 680-689页

作者： WANG ShiQi 1,2,4 , FU ChangLiang 1,2 , ZHANG Yan 1,2 , CHEN Quan 3 & LONG Mian 1,2 1 Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing 100190, China 2 Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100190, China 3 State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China 4 institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100044, China Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) Beijing China Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Mitochondria experience continuous fusion and fission in a living cell, but their dynamics remains poorly quantified. Here a theoretical model was developed, upon a simplified population balance equation (PBE), to predict the morphological changes induced by mitochondrial fission and fusion. Assuming that both fission and fusion events are statistically independent, the survival probability of mitochondria staying in the fission or fusion state was formulated as an exponentially-decayed function with time, which depended on the time-dependent distribution of the mitochondrial volume and the fission and fusion rates. Parametric analysis was done for two typical volume distributions. One was Gamma distribution and the other was Gaussian distribution, derived from the measurements of volume distribution for individual mitochondria in a living cell and purified mitochondria in vitro. The predictions indicated that the survival probability strongly depended on morphological changes of individual mitochondria and was inversely correlated to the fission and fusion rates. This work provided a new insight into quantifying the mitochondrial dynamics via monitoring the evolution of the mitochondrial volume.

关键词： mitochondria morphology fission fusion dynamics modeling

Discovery of a Late Miocene mammalian fauna from Siziwang Banner,Inner Mongolia,and its paleozoogeographical significance

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Chinese science Bulletin 2011年第6期56卷 526-534页

作者： DENG Tao LIANG Zhong WANG ShiQi HOU SuKuan LI Qiang Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China China Geological Library Beijing 100083 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Wulanhua 动物志(7 妈) 源于基础部分在 Siziwang 旗帜的近来中新世的红泥土，内部蒙古。中国红泥土存款富于 Hipparion 动物志的石块，并且广泛地相对越过山西， Shaanxi，河南省，和 Gansu 省被散布。蒙古的高原也包含开发得好的晚第... 详细信息

Wulanhua 动物志(7 妈) 源于基础部分在 Siziwang 旗帜的近来中新世的红泥土，内部蒙古。中国红泥土存款富于 Hipparion 动物志的石块，并且广泛地相对越过山西， Shaanxi，河南省，和 Gansu 省被散布。蒙古的高原也包含开发得好的晚第三纪存款，特别在中央内部蒙古，在哺乳动物的动物志的一个序列被识别了的地方。Wulanhua 动物志的发现提供 Hipparion 动物志的 paleogeographical 分发的重要指示物，并且这研究也贡献红泥土的气候、环境的意义的更好的理解。Wulanhua 动物志的大多数形式与一样或在 Baode 动物志以内关门到 taxa。然而，一些形式是稍微，更多 Baode 动物志比那些发源，它可以显示大约 7 妈的稍微更年轻的地质的年龄。Wulanhua 动物志的部件建议产地是一个典型大草原因此产出直接证据描出在东方和在诺思中国的晚中新世的 Hipparion 动物志的西方分区之间的边界。

关键词：哺乳动物群内蒙古中部晚中新世四子王旗三趾马动物群古地理分布粘土矿床蒙古高原

Characterization and developmental expression of AmphiMef2 gene in amphioxus

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science China(life sciences) 2007年第5期50卷 637-641页

作者： ZHANG Ying WANG lifeng SHAO Ming ZHANG HongWei institute of Developmental Biology Life Science College Key Lab of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 China Institute of Developmental Biology Life Science College Key Lab of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 China Institute of Developmental Biology Life Science College Key Lab of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 China Institute of Developmental Biology Life Science College Key Lab of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

Myocyte enhancer factor 2 proteins are members of MADS family of transcription factors, which can control the expression of muscle-specific genes in vertebrates. However, not all Mef2 genes are es-sential for muscle development in invertebrates. Here we have isolated a full-length cDNA from am-phioxus, designated AmphiMef2. The predicted amino acid sequence has highly conserved MADS and MEF2 domains, showing higher identity with the corresponding regions of its homologues in verte-brates than those in invertebrates. Results from whole-mount in situ hybridization show that the ex-pression of AmphiMef2 initially appears in the presomitic mesoderm at early neurula stage, then the transcripts are detected in both the somites and the unsegmented presomitic mesoderm. At 36 h larval stage, the expression is only detected in the posterior somites. By 48 h larval stage, the expression is shifted to the preoral pit (a homologous organ to the vertebrate adenohypophysis) and persists until at least 72 h larval stage. The results suggest that AmphiMef2 may be not only involved in the myogenesis but also the development or function of the preoral pit in amphioxus.

关键词： AmphiMef2, amphioxus, developmental expression, myogenesis, preoral pit

Ancient DNA unravels species identification from Laosicheng site,Hunan Province,China,and provides insights into maternal genetic history of East Asian leopards

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 226-229页

作者： Ming Zhang Cai-Hui Wang Yu-Xin Zheng Qi-Gao Jiangzuo Ye-Mao Hou Peng Cao Qing-Yan Dai Ruo-Wei Yang Feng Liu Xiao-Tian Feng Lin-Heng Mo Qiao-Mei Fu China-Central Asia"the Belt and Road"Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and ConservationSchool of Culture HeritageNorthwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710127China Shanghai Qi Zhi institute Shanghai 200232China college of life sciences Northwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710127China Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyCenter for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Cultural Relics and Archaeology institute of Hunan ChangshaHunan 410083China University of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

DEAR EDITOR,The Laosicheng site in Yongshun County,Hunan Province,China,plays an important role in elucidating the animal population composition of the region prior to the middle Qing Dynasty(approximately 300 years ago).This site has yielded a substantial number of animal bones,11960 of which have been identified to the species level,serving as direct evidence of ancient animal populations(Hunan Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,2018).

关键词： Hunan Ancient insight

The Weng'an biota and the Ediacaran radiation of multicellular eukaryotes

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National science Review 2014年第4期1卷 498-520页

作者： Shuhai Xiao A.D.Muscente Lei Chen Chuanming Zhou James D.Schiffbauer Andrew D.Wood Nicholas F.Polys Xunlai Yuan Department of Geosciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences college of Earth science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography Nanjing Institute ofGeology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Geological sciences University of Missouri Advanced Research Computing Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

The rise of multicellularity represents a major evolutionary transition and it occurred independently in multiple eukaryote *** simple multicellular organisms may have evolved in the Mesoproterozoic Era or even earlier,complex multicellular eukaryotes began to diversify only in the Ediacaran Period,just before the Cambrian ***,the Ediacaran fossil record can provide key paleontological evidence about the early radiation of multicellular eukaryotes that ultimately culminated in the Cambrian *** Ediacaran Weng’an biota in South China hosts exceptionally preserved eukaryote fossils,including various acanthomorphic acritarchs,pseudoparenchymatous thalli,tubular microfossils,and spheroidal fossils such as Megasphaera,Helicoforamina,Spiralicellula,and *** of these fossils have been interpreted as multicellular eukaryotes,although alternative interpretations have also been *** this review,we critically examine these various interpretations,focusing particularly on Megasphaera,which has been variously interpreted as a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium,a unicellular protist,a mesomycetozoean-like holozoan,a volvocine green alga,a stem-group animal,or a crown-group *** conclude that Megasphaera is a multicellular eukaryote with evidence for cell-to-cell adhesion,a lexible membrane unconstrained by a rigid cell wall,spatial cellular diferentiation,germ–soma separation,and programmed cell *** features are inconsistent with the bacterium,unicellular protist,and mesomycetozoean-like holozoan ***,the surviving hypotheses,particularly the stem-group animal and algal interpretations,should be further tested with additional *** Weng’an biota also hosts cellularly diferentiated pseudoparenchymatous thalli with specialized reproductive structures indicative of an ainity with lorideophyte red *** other Weng’an fossils reviewed here may also be multicellular eukaryotes,although direct cellular evidenc

关键词： Ediacaran Period Doushantuo Formation Weng’an biota multicellularity eukaryotes animals algae

Reconstructing mean maximum temperatures of May-August from tree-ring maximum density in North Da Hinggan Mountains, China

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Chinese science Bulletin 2012年第16期57卷 2007-2014页

作者： SUN Yu WANG LiLy CHEN Jin DUAN JianPing institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Tree-ring samples from Dahurian Larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.) were collected at three sites in the northern Da Hinggan Mountains. Using samples measured by X-ray densitometry, measurements of tree-ring maximum latewood density chronologies of two sites were found to be significantly correlated with summer temperature. These two sites' tree-ring series were combined to form a single standard regional chronology. This was used to reconstruct the May-August monthly mean maximum temperature for the period 1855-2008 AD, and it explained 39.5% of the total temperature variance. In the past 154 years, there were 4 cold periods (1874-1893, 1927-1948, 1951-1960 and 1992-2002) and 4 warm periods (1855-1873, 1894-1916, 1961-1991 and 2003-2008). The summer temperature rose more obviously than that of winter in this region. Having been validated by other temperature reconstructions from the surrounding area, the reconstruction could indicate the summer temperature changes of large-scale regions.

关键词：大兴安岭北部平均最高气温树木年轮最大密度兴安落叶松北方中国夏季气温

3D virtual reconstruction of the Pleistocene cheetah skull from the Tangshan, Nanjing, China

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2007年第1期17卷 74-79页

作者： DONG Wei, HOU Xinwen, LIU Jinyi, FANG Yingsan, JIN Changzhu and ZHU Qizhi ( institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100044, China State Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, China Nanjing Provincial Museum, Nanjing 210016, China Radiology Department, Renmin Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China) institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China State Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Nanjing Provincial Museum Nanjing 210016 China Radiology Department Renmin Hospital Peking University Beijing 100044 China

The development of computer tomography and image processing has made it possible to establish virtual 3D reconstruction and non-invasive dissection of fossil specimens. We used these methods to reconstruct a virtual 3D skull of a Pleistocene cheetah skull from the Tuozi cave, Tangshan, Nanjing, and virtually dissected it for anatomic studies, and measured the volumes of different parts of the endocranium. The endocranium of the cheetah skull has showed that its frontal sinus is beehive-like, the frontal lobe of cerebra is relatively large but the temporal lobe is relatively small, its cerebral sulcus and gyrus are more complicated than those of the domestic cat, similar to those of the domestic dog, but simpler than those of giant panda, pig, cattle and horse. The technology of virtual 3D reconstruction and non-invasive dissection of fossil specimens can extend the morphological study from the exterior to the interior, and it can also help to study fragile specimens and virtually backup rare and precious specimens.

关键词： CT imaging 3D reconstruction cheetah skull early Pleistocene Tangshan Nanjing.

Use-wear evidence confirms the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes of Upper Palaeolithic in northern China

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Chinese science Bulletin 2010年第3期55卷 268-275页

作者： ZHANG XiaoLing1,2,3, SHEN Chen1,2,4 GAO Xing1,2 CHEN FuYou1,2 & WANG ChunXue1,2,3 1institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100044, China 2Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100044, China 3Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4The Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto M5S 2C6, Canada institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China The Royal Ontario Museum Toronto Canada

Chipped-stone "adze-shaped objects" (ASOs) were identified from a few Upper Palaeolithic sites in northern China. Its morpho- logical form resembles to ground-stone type-specific adze, but the function of the ASO has never been assessed. The objective of this study is to investigate the use function of this particular tool type recovered from the Hutouliang site in the Nihewan Basin of northern China. In this study, the lithic use-wear analysis is applied to examining microscopically edge-damages and sur- face-rounding of the tools in order to assess how they were employed. The result suggests that the ASO might have been used as woodworking tools with a hafted shaft, providing evidence for the appearance of the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes prior to 10000 years ago in northern China. This study also demonstrates that the use-wear technique is an innovated and effective analytic appraoch to the study of stone tool functions that has been conventionally treated by typo-technological analyses. Stone tool use-patterns revealed by use-wear evidence would shed new insights on prehistoric adaptive strategies of modern human in northern China.

关键词：旧石器时代晚期中国北方磨损证据石材加工工具木工工具中国网站技术分析