检索结果-南通市图书馆

Like a G6-nal:transcriptional control of G-protein coupled receptors during oligodendroglial development

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural regeneration research 2025年第7期20卷 2001-2002页

作者： Tim Aberle Michael Wegner institut für Biochemie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

Multilayered control of myelination:Quick,saltatory conduction of action potentials along nerve fibers requires the electrical insulation of axons by myelinating *** the central nervous system,this role is taken up by *** are marked by the expression of the lineage determinants Sox10 and Olig2 and arise from oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)during embryonal *** the majority of OPCs differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes when nearby axonal segments require myelination,a small subpopulation of OPCs persist as a progenitor ***,the timing of myelination and maintenance of the OPC pool both need to be precisely *** transcription factors either positively or negatively affect oligodendrocyte differentiation and maintenance of the OPC pool as components of a complex gene regulatory network(reviewed in Sock and Wegner,2021).Network activity is additionally influenced by extracellular signaling molecules that bind to receptors on the oligodendroglial cell surface and activate intracellular signaling *** the receptors are linked to the network is poorly understood so far,but pivotal to understanding the overall regulation of central nervous system(CNS)myelination in response to environmental *** insights were recently gained for Gpr37(Schmidt et al.,2024),a G-protein coupled receptor(GPCr)with known relevance in differentiating oligodendrocytes(Yang et al,2016).

关键词： gained insulation conduction

recent advances and applications of machine learning in solidstate materials science

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 394-429页

作者： Jonathan Schmidt Mário r.G.Marques Silvana Botti Miguel A.L.Marques institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität06120 Halle-WittenbergHalle(Saale)Germany institut für festkörpertheorie und-optik Friedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaMax-Wien-Platz 107743 JenaGermany

One of the most exciting tools that have entered the material science toolbox in recent years is machine *** collection of statistical methods has already proved to be capable of considerably speeding up both fundamental and applied *** present,we are witnessing an explosion of works that develop and apply machine learning to solid-state *** provide a comprehensive overview and analysis of the most recent research in this *** a starting point,we introduce machine learning principles,algorithms,descriptors,and databases in materials *** continue with the description of different machine learning approaches for the discovery of stable materials and the prediction of their crystal *** we discuss research in numerous quantitative structure–property relationships and various approaches for the replacement of first-principle methods by machine *** review how active learning and surrogate-based optimization can be applied to improve the rational design process and related examples of *** major questions are always the interpretability of and the physical understanding gained from machine learning *** consider therefore the different facets of interpretability and their importance in materials ***,we propose solutions and future research paths for various challenges in computational materials science.

关键词： learning gained starting

Predicting stable crystalline compounds using chemical similarity

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 99-107页

作者： Hai-Chen Wang Silvana Botti Miguel A.L.Marques institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle(Saale)Germany institut für festkörpertheorie und-optik Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena and European Theoretical Spectroscopy FacilityMax-Wien-Platz 107743 JenaGermany

We propose an efficient high-throughput scheme for the discovery of stable crystalline *** approach is based on the transmutation of known compounds,through the substitution of atoms in the crystal structure with chemically similar *** concept of similarity is defined quantitatively using a measure of chemical replaceability,extracted by data-mining experimental *** this way we build 189,981 possible crystal phases,including 18,479 that are on the convex hull of *** resulting success rate of 9.72%is at least one order of magnitude better than the usual success rate of systematic high-throughput calculations for a specific family of materials,and comparable with speed-up factors of machine learning filtering *** a characterization of the set of 18,479 stable compounds,we calculate their electronic band gaps,magnetic moments,and *** approach,that can be used as a filter on top of any high-throughput scheme,enables us to efficiently extract stable compounds from tremendously large initial sets,without any initial assumption on their crystal structures or chemical compositions.

关键词： stability similarity crystalline

Optical coating and nano-structuring on plastics

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 459-464页

作者： U. Schulz P. Munzert A. Kaless N. Kaiser fraunhofer institut für Angewandte optik und feinmechnik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechnik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechnik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechnik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena Germany

The coating of plastics for optical applications is intended to improve the mechanical durability of soft polymers and to serve an antireflection function. Usually a classic four-layer antireflection system is added on top of a single-layer hard coating. With needle optimisation,an alternative coating design has been developed. Plasma ion assisted deposition was used to deposit coatings upon polymers. Uniform antireflection and high scratch resistance have been achieved.

关键词：光学涂覆技术纳米结构塑料光学仪器

Multilayer optics for the EUV and soft X-rays

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 421-429页

作者： Torsten feigl Sergiy Yulin Nicolas Benoit Norbert Kaiser fraunhofer institut für Angewandte optik und feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena Germany

The demand to enhance the optical resolution, to structure and observe ever smaller details, has pushed the way towards the EUV and soft X-rays. Induced mainly by the production of more powerful electronic circuits with the aid of projection lithography, optics developments in recent years can be characterized by the use of electromagnetic radiation with smaller wavelength. The good prospects of the EUV and soft X-rays for next generation lithography systems (λ=13.5 nm), microscopy in the “water window” (λ=2.3～4.4 nm), astronomy (λ=5～31 nm), spectroscopy, plasma diagnostics and EUV/soft X-ray laser research have led to considerable progress in the development of different multilayer optics. Since optical systems in the EUV/soft X-ray spectral region consist of several mirror elements a maximum reflectivity of each multilayer is essential for a high throughput. This paper covers recent results of the enhanced spectral behavior of Mo/Si, Cr/Sc and Sc/Si multilayer optics.

关键词： EUV X射线多层膜光学涂覆技术 Mo/Si Cr/Sc Sc/Si 光电子技术

Optical coatings:trends and challenges

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 389-396页

作者： Norbert Kaiser Torsten feigl Olaf Stenzel Ulrike Schulz fraunhofer institut für Angewandte optik und feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena Germany

New applications in optoelectronics, photonics, telecommunication, displays, optical data processing, biomedicine, sensors, energy control, automobile, aerospace, and architecture stimulation are important developments in physics and technology of optical coatings. This paper will focus on the latest advances in the areas of new optical film systems and devices, new optical coating materials and film fabrication techniques, process control and monitoring, and different advanced applications. Particularly, focus is on optical films that combine optical design with microstructural features tailored on the nanometer and micrometer scales. Evaluation of film stability and integrity in harsh industrial environments and their compatibility with organic polymers are important as well.

关键词：光学涂覆技术光电子技术光学仪器光学材料

Computational screening of materials with extreme gap deformation potentials

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1482-1491页

作者： Pedro Borlido Jonathan Schmidt Hai-Chen Wang Silvana Botti Miguel A.L.Marques institut für festkörpertheorie und-optik Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena and European Theoretical Spectroscopy FacilityMax-Wien-Platz 107743JenaGermany CfisUC Department of PhysicsUniversity of CoimbraRua Larga3004-516CoimbraPortugal institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergD-06099HalleGermany

In this work,we present a large-scale study of gap deformation potentials based on density-functional theory calculations for over 5000 *** expected,in most cases the band gap decreases for increasing volume with deformation potentials that can reach values of almost−15 *** find,however,also a sizeable number of materials with positive deformation *** members of this group are halide perovskites,known for their applications in *** then focus on understanding the physical reasons for so different values of the deformation potentials by investigating the correlations between this property and a large number of other material and compositional *** also train explainable machine learning models as well as graph convolutional networks to predict deformation potentials and establish simple rules to understand predicted ***,we analyze in more detail a series of materials that have record positive and negative deformation potentials.

关键词： deformation properties. extreme

Exchange-correlation functionals for band gaps of solids:benchmark,reparametrization and machine learning

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 869-885页

作者： Pedro Borlido Jonathan Schmidt Ahmad W.Huran fabien Tran Miguel A.L.Marques Silvana Botti institut für festkörpertheorie und-optik Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena and European Theoretical Spectroscopy FacilityMax-Wien-Platz 107743 JenaGermany institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06099 HalleGermany institute of Materials Chemistry Vienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 9/165-TC1060 ViennaAustria

We conducted a large-scale density-functional theory study on the influence of the exchange-correlation functional in the calculation of electronic band gaps of ***,we use the large materials data set that we have recently proposed to benchmark 21 different functionals,with a particular focus on approximations of the meta-generalized-gradient *** these data with the results for 12 functionals in our previous work,we can analyze in detail the characteristics of each approximation and identify its strong and/or weak *** confirming that mBJ,HLE16 and HSE06 are the most accurate functionals for band gap calculations,we reveal several other interesting functionals,chief among which are the local Slater potential approximation,the GGA AK13LDA,and the meta-GGAs HLE17 and *** also compare the computational efficiency of these different *** on these data,we investigate the potential for improvement of a promising subset of functionals by varying their internal *** identified optimal parameters yield a family of functionals fitted for the calculation of band ***,we demonstrate how to train machine learning models for accurate band gap prediction,using as input structural and composition data,as well as approximate band gaps obtained from density-functional theory.

关键词： theory functionals solids

A hybrid algorithm for reengineering the refractive index profile of inhomogeneous coatings from optical in-situ broadband monitoring data

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 487-491页

作者： S. Wilbrandt O. Stenzel D. Gbler N. Kaiser friedrich-Schiller-Universitt Jena Institut für Angewandte Physik Max-Wien-Platz 1 07743 Jena GermanyFraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena Germany

reengineering the refractive index profile of inhomogeneous coatings is a troublesome task. Multiplicity of solutions may significantly reduced by providing additional information. for this reason an in-situ broadband monitoring system was developed to measure the transmittance of the growing film directly at the rotating substrate. for characterization of these coatings, a new model was developed, which significantly reduces the number of parameters. The refractive index profile may be described by a proper number of equally spaced volume fraction values using the Bruggeman effective media approach. A good initial approximation of the refractive index profile can be generated based on deposition rates for both materials recorded with quartz crystal monitor during manufacturing. During the optimization process, a second order minimization algorithm was used to vary the refractive index profile of the whole coating and film thickness of the intermediate stages. finally, a significantly improved accuracy of the modelled transmittance was achieved.

关键词：光学涂覆技术折射率宽带混合模型管理方式