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The role of cellular and molecular neuroimmune crosstalk in gut immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第11期20卷 1259-1269页

作者： Daping Yang Nicole Almanzar Isaac M.Chiu department of Immunology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA

The gastrointestinal tract is densely innervated by the peripheral nervous system and populated by the immune *** two systems critically coordinate the sensations of and adaptations to dietary,microbial,and damaging stimuli from the external and internal microenvironment during tissue homeostasis and *** brain receives and integrates ascending sensory signals from the gut and transduces descending signals back to the gut via autonomic *** regulate intestinal immune responses through the action of local axon reflexes or through neuronal circuits via the gut-brain *** neuroimmune crosstalk is critical for gut homeostatic maintenance and disease *** this review,we discuss the roles of distinct types of gut-innervating neurons in the modulation of intestinal mucosal *** will focus on the molecular mechanisms governing how different immune cells respond to neural signals in host defense and *** also discuss the therapeutic potential of strategies targeting neuroimmune crosstalk for intestinal diseases.

关键词： Neuroimmunology Neuroimmune Host defense Gut Sensory

Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in retinal degenerative diseases

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第4期10卷 646-651页

作者： Ying-Qian Peng Luo-Sheng Tang Shigeo Yoshida Ye-Di Zhou department of ophthalmology the Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South University department of ophthalmology Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences

Gene therapy is a potentially effective treatment for retinal degenerative *** regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats（CRISPR）/CRISPR-associated protein 9（Cas9） system has been developed as a new genome-editing tool in ophthalmic *** advances in researches showed that CRISPR/Cas9 has been applied in generating animal models as well as gene therapy in vivo of retinitis pigmentosa（RP） and leber congenital amaurosis（LCA）.It has also been shown as a potential attempt for clinic by combining with other technologies such as adeno-associated virus（AAV） and induced pluripotent stem cells（i PSCs）.In this review,we highlight the main points of further prospect of using CRISPR/Cas9 in targeting retinal *** also emphasize the potential applications of this technique in treating retinal degenerative diseases.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy genome editing retinal degeneration retinitis pigmentosa leber congenital amaurosis

Treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: a review of conventional and promising new therapeutic options

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第2期6卷 228-236页

作者： Fatih Mehmet Mutlu Umit Serdar Sarici department of ophthalmology Gülhane Military Medical Academy and Medical School department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology Gülhane Military Medical Academy and Medical School

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a retinal vascular disease of premature infants, continues to be a major cause of preventable childhood blindness all over the world. The incidence of ROP varies among countries, being influenced by the quality of the level of neonatal intensive care. Here, we discuss the potential treatments that are now available or will soon or probably be available for ROP. Although ablation of the avascular retina with laser photocoagulation remains the current gold standard and well established therapy for ROP, some new therapeutic options including angiostatic therapies are being explored based on our knowledge of the pathophysiology of the ROP and complications and efficacy of laser treatment. However, prevention of the development of severe ROP and screening for ROP seem to be the best strategy in avoiding visual impairment caused by ROP in premature infants. New therapeutic interventions including vascular endothelial growth factor antibody administration, gene therapy and supplemental therapies should be supported with evidence-based data for the treatment of ROP.

关键词： retinopathy of prematurity laser retina vascular endothelial growth factor propranolol

Hypoxia adaptation in the cornea:Current animal models and underlying mechanisms

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2021年第4期4卷 300-310页

作者： Kunpeng Pang Anton Lennikov Menglu Yang harvard medical school department of ophthalmology Schepens Eye Research InstituteMassachusetts Eye and EarBostonMassachusettsUSA department of ophthalmology Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityQingdaoChina

The cornea is an avascular,transparent tissue that is essential for visual *** disturbance to the corneal transparency will result in a severe vision *** to the avascular nature,the cornea acquires most of the oxygen supply directly or indirectly from the *** tissue hypoxia has been noticed to influence the structure and function of the cornea for *** etiology of hypoxia of the cornea is distinct from the rest of the body,mainly due to the separation of cornea from the atmosphere,such as prolonged contact lens wearing or closed *** hypoxia can also be found in corneal inflammation and injury when a higher oxygen requirement exceeds the oxygen *** hypoxic state during lung diseases or high altitude also leads to corneal hypoxia when a second oxygen consumption route from aqueous humor gets *** affects the cornea in multiple aspects,including disturbance of the epithelium barrier function,corneal edema due to endothelial dysfunction and metabolism changes in the stroma,and thinning of corneal *** has also evolved mechanisms to adapt to the hypoxic state initiated by the activation of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF).The aim of this review is to introduce the pathology of cornea under hypoxia and the mechanism of hypoxia adaptation,to discuss the current animal models used in this field,and future research directions.

关键词： animal model contact lens wear cornea hypoxia hypoxia adaptation hypoxia inducible factor(HIF)

Comparison of Snellen and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts using a computer simulation

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第1期9卷 119-123页

作者： Reuben R.Shamir Yael Friedman Leo Joskowicz Michael Mimouni Eytan Z.Blumenthal school of Engineering and Computer Science the Hebrew University department of ophthalmology Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center department of ophthalmology Rambam Medical Center

AIM：To compare accuracy,reproducibility and test duration for the Snellen and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study（ETDRS）charts,two main tools used to measure visual acuity（VA）.·M ETHODS：A computer simulation was programmed to run multiple virtual patients,each with a unique set of assigned parameters,including VA,false-positive and false-negative error *** each virtual patient,assigned VA was randomly chosen along a continuous scale spanning the range between 1.0 to 0.0 log MAR units（equivalent to 20/200 to 20/20）.Each of 30 000virtual patients were run ten times on each of the two VA charts.·RESULTS：Average test duration（expressed as the total number of characters presented during the test±SD）was12.6±11.1 and 31.2±14.7 characters,for the Snellen and ETDRS,***,defined as the absolute difference（±SD）between the assigned VA and the measured VA,expressed in log MAR units,was superior in the ETDRS charts：0.12±0.14 and 0.08±0.08,for the Snellen and ETDRS charts,***,expressed as test-retest variability,was superior in the ETDRS charts：0.23±0.17 and 0.11±0.09 log MAR units,for the Snellen and ETDRS charts,respectively.·CONCLUSION：A comparison of true（assigned）VA to measured VA,demonstrated,on average,better accuracy and reproducibility of the ETDRS chart,but at the penalty of significantly longer test *** differences were most pronounced in the low VA *** reproducibility using a simulation approach is in line with reproducibility values found in several clinical studies.

关键词： Early Treatment Diabetic RetinopathyStudy Snellen computer simulation visual acuity testing virtual patients

Comparison of the meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease and Sjogren's syndrome

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第3期12卷 393-400页

作者： Won Choi Jun Young Ha Ying Li Jung Han Choi Yong Sok Ji Kyung Chul Yoon department of ophthalmology and Research Institute of medical Sciences Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital

AIM: To investigate the abnormalities in the meibomian gland in patients with dry eye disease(DED) associated with chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease(coGVHD) in comparison with Sj?gren's syndrome(SS), a major form of aqueous deficient DED and meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD), a common cause of evaporative ***: A total 135 eyes of 135 subjects included in this study: patients with DED associated with coGVHD(n=30), patients with SS(n=35), patients with MGD(n=35), and normal controls(n=35). All participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI) questionnaire, ocular surface examination [Schirmer test, tear film breakup time(TFBUT), and ocular surface staining], and meibomian gland assessment [meiboscore(gland dropout detected on meibography using infrared camera of the Keratograph 5 M), meibum expressibility score(MES), meibum quality score(MQS), lid margin abnormality]. In addition, correlations of meibomian gland characteristics with ocular surface parameters as well as disease severity score were investigated in coGVHD ***: The coGVHD group showed significantly higher meiboscore, MES, and MQS than the other 3 groups(all P<0.05). In the coGVHD group, parameters of meibomian gland showed a significant correlation each other and those of ocular surface. The correlation between meibomian gland parameters and severity score of co GVHD was also established(meiboscore, r=0.62; MES, r=0.47; MQS, r=0.47; lid margin abnormality score, r=0.55; all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Patients with DED associated with co GVHD show poorer gland morphology and worse glandfunction than other types of DED. In addition, meibomian gland damage is not only associated with ocular surface damage but also disease severity of coGVHD.

关键词： chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease Sjogren's syndrome dry eye disease meibomian gland dysfunction meibography

Changes in intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness during pregnancy:a systematic review and Meta-analysis

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第10期10卷 1573-1579页

作者： Chao Wang Ai-Ling Li Yu Pang Ying-Qing Lei Ling Yu department of ophthalmology the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University department of the school of Public Health of Southwest medical University

AIM：To conduct a Meta-analysis for investigating the variations in intraocular pressure（IOP）and central corneal thickness（CCT）during normal ***：We searched for clinical trials published up to November 2015 without language or region restrictions in Pub Med,EMBASE,Web of Science,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Ovid,EBSCO,Elsevier,the Chinese Biomedicine Database,Wan Fang,CNKI,CQVIP and Google *** of the ocular changes observed in pregnant women were *** main outcomes were assessed by changes in IOP and ***：Fifteen studies were *** subgroup analyses,IOP was significantly decreased during the second MD=-1.53,95%CI（-2.19,-0.87）;P〈0.00001,and third MD=-2.91,95%CI（-3.74,-2.08）;P〈0.00001 trimesters of *** was increased during the second MD=10.12,95%CI（2.01,18.22）;P=0.01,trimester of pregnancy;moreover,during the third trimester of pregnancy,the CCT displayed an increasing trend,but the difference was not significant MD=5.98,95%CI（-1.11,13.07）;P=***：A decrease in IOP is accompanied by an increase in CCT in the second and third trimesters of a normal pregnancy in women.

关键词： intraocular pressure central corneal thickness pregnancy Meta-analysis

Air tamponade and without heavy liquid usage in pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第11期11卷 1779-1783页

作者： Zhong Lin Qi-Hua Liang Ke Lin Zhi-Xiang Hu Tian-Yu Chen Rong-Han Wu Nived Moonasar The Eye Hospital School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University department of ophthalmology University of the West Indies

AIM： To report the results of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment（RRD） repair after pars plana vitrectomy（PPV） without operative use of heavy liquid, and utilizing air tamponade in selected ***： RRD patients without severity of proliferative vitreoretinopathy C2 or more underwent PPV without operative use of heavy liquid, and utilizing air tamponade were consecutively enrolled. Alternative postoperative facedown position or lateral position was required for 3-5 ***： Totally 36 eyes of 36 patients（24 males, 66.7%） aged 53.8±10.9 y underwent this modified surgery. The mean number of retinal break was 2.1±1.3. Most of the eyes（29, 80.6%） had retinal detachment involving more than one quadrant. Twenty-two（61.1%） eyes with cataract had combined phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. The mean follow up time was 4.6±1.8 mo. Two eyes with retinal redetachment underwent a second retinal repair surgery with silicone oil tamponade, yielding the primary reattachment rate to 94.4%（34/36）. Six（16.7%） eyes had intraocular pressure higher than 25 mm Hg. The visual acuity（logMAR） improved from 0.98±0.74 preoperatively to 0.52±0.31 postoperatively（P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： The success rate of this modified retinal repair surgery is comparable with traditional surgery. This technique can be considered for certain retinal detachment patients, since its apparent advantages included lower surgical complications, reduced surgery expenditure, shorter time for postoperative facedown position, and avoiding silicone oil removal surgery.

关键词： air heavy liquid rhegmatogenous retinal detachment pars plana vitrectomy

Adverse outcomes in type 1 diabetic pregnant women with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2011年第4期4卷 443-446页

作者： C C T Helen I Tajunisah S C Reddy department of ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya department of ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine International Medical University Clinical School

AIM: To report maternal and fetal adverse outcomes, in spite of appropriate treatment and regular follow up, in diabetic pregnant women with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Case series of four young pregnant diabetics aged between 20 and 25 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus and proliferative diabetic retrinopathy. RESULTS: The maternal adverse outcomes were abortion in one patient, pre-eclampsia and preterm delivery in one patient, and renal failure requiring dialysis in one patient. The fetal adverse outcomes were neonatal death in one case and premature baby in another case. CONCLUSION: These cases highlight the fact that diabetic pregnant women should be closely followed up by the obstetricians and physicians when they have proliferative retinopathy. The proliferative diabetic retinopathy should be considered as a part of the assessment when counseling a diabetic woman in antenatal check up and also in the follow up visits during pregnancy.

关键词： pregnancy type I diabetes mellitus proliferative diabetic retinopathy vitreous haemorrhage