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Anoctamin 4 defines glucose-inhibited neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第6期19卷 1177-1178页

作者： Longlong Tu Yanlin He Yong Xu Children's Nutrition research center Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Section of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Brain Glycemic and Metabolism Control Department Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University

Glucose is the primary fuel source of the brain,and therefore glucose levels need to be tightly regulated and maintained within a small physiological range.Certainly,the body necessitates a stable supply of energy mainly provided by glucose for various bodily functions.High or low blood glucose levels would impair the physiological functions of various organs of the body.Prolonged high blood glucose(i.e.,

关键词： HYPOGLYCEMIA

Isoform-and cell-state-specific APOE homeostasis and function

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第11期19卷 2456-2466页

作者： Karina Lindner Anne-Claude Gavin Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland diabetes center Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

Apolipoprotein E is the major lipid transporter in the brain and an important player in neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling.It ensures the survival of neurons under stressful conditions and hyperactivity by nourishing and detoxifying them.Apolipoprotein E polymorphism,combined with environmental stresses and/or age-related alterations,influences the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.In this review,we discuss our current knowledge of how apolipoprotein E homeostasis,i.***.its synthesis,secretion,degradation,and lipidation,is affected in Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease apolipoprotein E autophagy cholesterol lipid detoxification lipid transport lysosomal failure metabolic impairment triacylglycerol

Evaluation of hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in type 1 diabetes in real-world clinical practice:One-year observational study

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World Journal of diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 455-462页

作者： Ahmed Eldib Shilton Dhaver Karim Kibaa Astrid Atakov-Castillo Tareq Salah Marwa Al-Badri Abdelrahman Khater Ryan McCarragher Omnia Elenani Elena Toschi Osama Hamdy Department of Clinical Behavioral&Outcomes ResearchJoslin Diabetes CenterBostonMA 02215United States Department of Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States

BACKGROUND In 2016,the Food and Drug Administration approved the first hybrid closed-loop(HCL)insulin delivery system for adults with type 1 diabetes(T1D).There is limited information on the impact of using HCL systems on patient-reported outcomes(PROs)in patients with T1D in real-world clinical practice.In this independent study,we evaluated glycemic parameters and PROs over one year of continuous use of Medtronic’s 670G HCL in real-world clinical practice.AIM To assess the effects of hybrid closed loop system on glycemic control and quality of life in adults with T1D.METHODS We evaluated 71 patients with T1D(mean age:45.5±12.1 years;59%females;body weight:83.8±18.7 kg,body mass index:28.7±5.6 kg/m2,A1C:7.6%±0.8%)who were treated with HCL at Joslin Clinic from 2017 to 2019.We measured A1C and percent of glucose time-in-range(%TIR)at baseline and 12 months.We measured percent time in auto mode(%TiAM)for the last two weeks preceding the final visit and assessed PROs through several validated quality-of-life surveys related to general health and diabetes management.RESULTS At 12 mo,A1C decreased by 0.3%±0.1%(P=0.001)and%TIR increased by 8.1%±2.5%(P=0.002).The average%TiAM was only 64.3%±32.8%and was not associated with A1C,%TIR or PROs.PROs,provided at baseline and at the end of the study,showed that the physical functioning submodule of 36Item Short-Form Health Survey increased significantly by 22.9%(Pdiabetes reduced significantly by-17.2%(P=0.002).The emotional burden submodules of dietary diversity score reduced significantly by-44.7%(P=0.001).Furthermore,analysis of Clarke questionnaire showed no increase in awareness of hypoglycemic episodes.WHO-5 showed no improvements in subject’s wellbeing among participants after starting the 670G HCL system.Finally,analysis of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index showed no difference in sleep quality,sleep latency,or duration of sleep from baseline to 12 mo.CONCLUSION The us

关键词： Artificial pancreas Continuous blood glucose monitor Type 1 diabetes Hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery Quality of life

Individualized coefficient of variability cut-off values for reducing the risk of hypoglycemia in Chinese type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)patients

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第2期137卷 244-246页

作者： Jiaqi Li Keyu Guo Liyin Zhang Jianan Ye Xia Li Zhiguang Zhou Lin Yang National Clinical research center for Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology(Central South University)Ministry of Educationand Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410011China

To the Editor:Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is a progressive disease caused by severe islet b-cell function impairment,resulting in high glucose variability(GV)in patients.[1]While intensive insulin treatment enabled T1DM patients to achieve near-normal glucose,reflected by reduced hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels,stricter HbA1c targets were associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia,which would compromise patients’quality of life and survival.[2]Recent studies suggest that GV reflects hypoglycemia better than HbA1c alone,and continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)provides a more comprehensive glycemic profile for better glucose indices assessment.[3]Therefore,we aimed to explore the relationship between the coefficient of variability(CV)of blood glucose and hypoglycemia in T1DM patients with different HbA1c levels and to identify the optimal cut-off values of CV for reducing the hypoglycemia risk in Chinese T1DM patients.

关键词： T1DM patients mellitus

Implications of glycemic risk index across different levels of glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)in type 1 diabetes

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第4期137卷 481-483页

作者： Binbin He Li Fan Chao Deng Fang Liu Yuting Xie Zhiguang Zhou Xia Li Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesKey Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology(Central South University)Ministry of EducationThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410011China

To the Editor:Glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes(T1D)is challenging and requires multidimensional evaluation and precise management.Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)is currently the gold standard for assessing glucose control and predicting diabetes prognosis.However,it exhibits limitations in terms of accuracy,which is influenced by clinical factors,^([1])and its inability to reflect information about hypoglycemia and glycemic variability.[2]Continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)has revolutionized glycemic profile evaluation by introducing novel glycemic variables that surpass conventional parameters and offer insights into critical areas for improving glycemic control.

关键词： diabetes precise insight

Cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease induced by hypertension

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第7期19卷 1454-1462页

作者： Weipeng Wei Denglei Ma Lin Li Lan Zhang Department of Pharmacy Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Geriatric Medical research center Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System DrugsNational Center for Neurological DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesBeijingChina

Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease,the most common cerebrovascular disease.Howeve r,the causal relationship between hypertension and cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear.Hypertension has substantial negative impacts on brain health and is recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.Chronic hypertension and lifestyle factors are associated with risks for stro ke and dementia,and cerebral small vessel disease can cause dementia and stroke.Hypertension is the main driver of cerebral small vessel disease,which changes the structure and function of cerebral vessels via various mechanisms and leads to lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis,white matter lesions,and intracerebral hemorrhage,ultimately res ulting in cognitive decline and demonstrating that the brain is the to rget organ of hypertension.This review updates our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertensioninduced cerebral small vessel disease and the res ulting changes in brain structure and function and declines in cognitive ability.We also discuss drugs to treat cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.

关键词： blood-brain barrier cerebral small vessel disease cognitive impairment dementia endothelial dysfunction enlarged perivascular space hypertension lacunar infarction neuroinflammation treatment white matter high signal intensity

Synthesis of boron nitride nanorod and its performance as a metalfree catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期68卷 120-132页

作者： Tanaz Ghanadi Gholamreza Moradi Alimorad Rashidi Catalyst research center Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringRazi UniversityKermanshahIran Nanotechnology research center Research Institute of Petroleum Industry(RIPI)TehranIran

In order to reduce the sulfur compounds in diesel fuel,boron nitride(BN)has been used as a novel metal efree catalyst in the present research.This nanocatalyst was synthesized via template-free approach followed by heating treatment at 900℃in nitrogen atmosphere that the characteristics of the sample were identified by the X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,field emission scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,atomic force microscopy,and N2 adsorptionedesorption isotherms.The results of structural and morphological analysis represented that BN has been successfully synthesized.The efficacy of the main operating parameters on the process was studied by using response surface methodology based on the BoxeBehnken design method.The prepared catalyst showed high efficiency in oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel with initial sulfur content of 8040 mg·kg^(-1)S.From statistical analysis,a significant quadratic model was obtained to predict the sulfur removal as a function of efficient parameters.The maximum efficiency of 72.4%was achieved under optimized conditions at oxidant/sulfur molar ratio of 10.2,temperature of 71℃,reaction time of 113 min,and catalyst dosage of 0.36 g.Also,the reusability of the BN was studied,and the result showed little reduction in activity of the catalyst after 10 times regeneration.Moreover,a plausible mechanism was proposed for oxidation of sulfur compounds on the surface of the catalyst.The present study shows that BN materials can be selected as promising metal-free catalysts for desulfurization process.

关键词： Desulfurization Boron nitride(BN)nanostructure Experimental design BoxeBehnken

Dysfunction of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor latrophilin 1(ADGRL1/LPHN1)increases the risk of obesity

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2298-2311页

作者： Heba ZabriTorsten Schöneberg AndréNguyen Dietzsch Hadi Al-Hasani Joachim Altschmied Katharina Bottermann Jana Brendler Judith Haendeler Susanne Horn Isabell Kaczmarek Antje Körner Kerstin Krause Kathrin Landgraf Diana Le Duc Laura Lehmann Stefan Lehr Stephanie Pick Albert Ricken Rene Schnorr Angela Schulz Martina Strnadová Akhil Velluva Heba Zabri Torsten Schöneberg Doreen Thor Simone Prömel Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry Medical FacultyGerman Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany German center for diabetes research(DZD e.V.) Munich-NeuherbergGermany Cardiovascular Degeneration Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Cardiovascular research Institute(CARID) Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Pharmacology Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Anatomy Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany center for Pediatric research Hospital for Children and AdolescentsMedical FacultyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research(HI-MAG)of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany Department of Endocrinology NephrologyRheumatologyLeipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Institute of Human Genetics Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Institute of Cell Biology Department of BiologyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany School of Medicine University of Global Health EquityKigaliRwanda

Obesity is one of the diseases with severe health consequences and rapidly increasing worldwide prevalence.Understanding the complex network of food intake and energy balance regulation is an essential prerequisite for pharmacological intervention with obesity.G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are among the main modulators of metabolism and energy balance.They,for instance,regulate appetite and satiety in certain hypothalamic neurons,as well as glucose and lipid metabolism and hormone secretion from adipocytes.Mutations in some GPCRs,such as the melanocortin receptor type 4(MC4R),have been associated with early-onset obesity.Here,we identified the adhesion GPCR latrophilin 1(ADGRL1/LPHN1)as a member of the regulating network governing food intake and the maintenance of energy balance.Deficiency of the highly conserved receptor in mice results in increased food consumption and severe obesity,accompanied by dysregulation of glucose homeostasis.Consistently,we identified a partially inactivating mutation in human ADGRL1/LPHN1 in a patient suffering from obesity.Therefore,we propose that LPHN1 dysfunction is a risk factor for obesity development.

关键词： obesity metabolism intake

Recent progress in functional modification and crosslinking of bioprosthetic heart valves

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第1期3卷 1-16页

作者： Cheng Zheng Li Yang Yunbing Wang National Engineering research center for Biomaterials Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

Valvular heart disease(VHD),clinically manifested as stenosis and regurgitation of native heart valve,is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases with high mortality.Heart valve replacement surgery has been recognized as golden standard for the treatment of VHD.Owing to the clinical application of transcatheter heart valve replacement technic and the excellent hemodynamic performance of bioprosthetic heart valves(BHVs),implantation of BHVs has been increasing over recent years and gradually became the preferred choice for the treatment of VHD.However,BHVs might fail within 10-15 years due to structural valvular degeneration(SVD),which was greatly associated with drawbacks of glutaraldehyde crosslinked BHVs,including cytotoxicity,calcification,component degradation,mechanical failure,thrombosis and immune response.To prolong the service life of BHVs,much effort has been devoted to overcoming the drawbacks of BHVs and reducing the risk of SVD.In this review,we summarized and analyzed the research and progress on:(i)modification strategies based on glutaraldehyde crosslinked BHVs and(ii)nonglutaraldehyde crosslinking strategies for BHVs.

关键词： bioprosthetic heart valves modification crosslinking anticalcification antithrombosis