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Diet supplementation with an organic acids-based formulation affects gut microbiota and expression of gut barrier genes in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 367-377页

作者： Irida Palamidi Konstantinos C.Mountzouris Department of nutritional physiology and Feeding Agricultural University of Athens

This study was designed to study the effect of diet supplementation with an organic acids-based formulation(OABF) on luminal-and mucosa-associated bacteria, concentration of volatile fatty acids(VFA), microbial glycolytic enzyme activity and expression of mucin 2(MUC2), immunoglobulin A(IgA)and tight junction protein, i.e., zonula occludens-1(ZO1), zonula occludens-2(ZO2), claudin-1(CLDN1),claudin-5(CLDN5) and occludin(OCLN), genes at the ileal and cecal level. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used having OABF inclusion and avilamycin as main factors. Subsequently, 544 day-old male Cobb broilers were allocated in the following 4 treatments, each with 8 replicates: no additions(CON), 1 g OABF/kg diet(OA),2.5 mg avilamycin/kg diet(AV) and combination of OA and AV(OAAV). The trial lasted for 42 days. In the ileum, OAAV resulted in lower mucosa-associated total bacteria levels(PO × A= 0.028) compared with *** addition, ileal digesta levels of Clostridium perfringens subgroup were decreased by avilamycin(PA= 0.045). Inclusion of OABF stimulated the activity of microbial glycolytic enzymes, whereas avilamycin resulted in lower acetate(PA= 0.021) and higher butyrate(PA= 0.010) molar ratios. Expression of ZO1 and CLDN5 was down-regulated by both OABF(PO= 0.016 and PO= 0.003, respectively) and avilamycin(PA= 0.016 and PA= 0.001, respectively). In addition, CLDN1 was down-regulated in AV compared with CON(PO × A= 0.012). Furthermore, OABF down-regulated MUC2(PO= 0.027), whereas avilamycin down-regulated nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1(NFKB1)(PA= 0.024), toll-like receptor 2 family member B(TLR2B)(PA= 0.011) and toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)(PA= 0.014) expression. In the ceca, OABF inclusion increased digesta levels of Clostridium coccoides(PO= 0.018) and Clostridium leptum(PO= 0.040) subgroups, while it up-regulated MUC2 expression(PO= 0.014). Avilamycin(PA= 0.044) and interaction(PO × A< 0.001) effects for IgA expression were noted, with CON having higher IgA expression compared

关键词： Organic acids Broiler chicken Microflora Tight junction Microbial enzymes Volatile fatty acids

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Broiler gut microbiota and expressions of gut barrier genes affected by cereal type and phytogenic inclusion

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 22-31页

作者： Vasileios Paraskeuas Konstantinos C.Mountzouris Department of nutritional physiology and Feeding Agricultural University of Athens

The present study assessed the effects of cereal type and the inclusion level of a phytogenic feed additive(PFA) on broiler ileal and cecal gut microbiota composition, volatile fatty acids(VFA) and gene expression of toll like receptors(TLR), tight junction proteins, mucin 2(MUC2) and secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA). Depending on cereal type(i.e. maize or wheat) and PFA inclusion level(i.e. 0, 100 and 150 mg/kg diet), 450 one-day-old male broilers were allocated in 6 treatments according to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 5 replicates of 15 broilers each, for 42 d. Significant interactions(P 0.05) between cereal type and PFA were shown for cecal digesta Bacteroides and Clostridium cluster XIVa, ileal digesta propionic and branched VFA, ileal s IgA gene expression, as well as cecal digesta branched and other VFA molar ratios. Cereal type affected the cecal microbiota composition. In particular, wheat-fed broilers had higher levels of mucosa-associated Lactobacillus(P_(CT)= 0.007) and digesta Bifidobacterium(P_(CT)< 0.001),as well as lower levels of total bacteria(P_(CT)= 0.004) and Clostridia clusters I, IV and XIVa(P_(CT) 0.05),compared with maize-fed ones. In addition, cereal type gave differences in fermentation intensity(P_(CT)= 0.021) and in certain individual VFA molar ratios. Wheat-fed broilers had higher(P 0.05) ileal zonula occluden 2(ZO-2) and lower ileal and cecal TLR2 and sIgA levels, compared with maize-fed broilers. On the other hand, PFA inclusion at 150 mg/kg had a stimulating effect on microbial fermentation at ileum and a retarding effect in ceca with additional variable VFA molar patterns. In addition, PFA inclusion at 100 mg/kg increased the ileal mucosa expression of claudin 5(CLDN5)(PPFA= 0.023) and MUC2(PPFA= 0.001) genes, and at 150 mg/kg decreased cecal TLR2(PPFA= 0.022) gene expression compared with the un-supplemented controls. In conclusion, cereal type and PFA affected in combination and independently broiler gut microbiota compositio

关键词： Maize Wheat Phytogenics Gut microbiota Toll like receptors Gut barrier

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Priming of intestinal cytoprotective genes and antioxidant capacity by dietary phytogenic inclusion in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第3期6卷 305-312页

作者： Konstantinos C.Mountzouris Vasileios V.Paraskeuas Konstantinos Fegeros Department of nutritional physiology and Feeding Agricultural University of AthensGreece

The potential of a phytogenic premix(PP)based on ginger,lemon balm,oregano and thyme to stimulate the expression of cytoprotective genes at the broiler gut level was evaluated in this *** particular,the effects of PP inclusion levels on a selection of genes related to host protection against oxidation(catalase[GAT],superoxide dismutase 1[SOD1],glutathione peroxidase 2[GPX2],heme oxygenase 1[HMOX1],NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1[NQO1],nuclear factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2[Nrf2]and kelch like ECH associated protein 1[Keap1]),stress(heat shock 70 kDa protein 2[HSP70]and heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1[HSP90])and inflammation(nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1[NF-κB1],Toll-like receptor 2 family member B(TLR2 B)and Toll-like receptor 4[TLR4])were profiled along the broiler *** addition,broiler intestinal segments were assayed for their total antioxidant capacity(TAC).Depending on PP inclusion level(i.e.0,750,1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg diet)in the basal diets,1-d-old Cobb broiler chickens(n=500)were assigned into the following 4 treatments:CON,PP-750,PP-1000 and *** treatment had 5 replicates of 25 chickens with ad libitum access to feed and *** were analyzed by ANOVA and means compared using Tukey’s honest significant difference(HSD)*** contrasts tested the linear and quadratic effect of PP inclusion *** of PP increased(P≤0.05)the expression of cytoprotective genes against oxidation,except *** particular,the cytoprotective against oxidation genes were up-regulated primarily in the duodenum and the ceca and secondarily in the *** of the genes were upregulated in a quadratic manner with increasing PP inclusion level with the highest expression levels noted in treatments PP-750 and PP-1000 compared to ***,intestinal TAC was higher in PP-1000 in the duodenum(P=0.011)and the ceca(P=0.050)compared to ***,increasing PP inclusion level resulted in linearly reduced(P<0.05)expr

关键词： Poultry Nuclear factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 Antioxidant Phytogenic Gut

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Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity,blood biochemical biomarkers and cytokines expression in broiler chickens fed different phytogenic levels

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第2期3卷 114-120页

作者： Vasileios Paraskeuas Konstantinos Fegeros Irida Palamidi Christine Hunger Konstantinos C.Mountzouris Department of nutritional physiology and Feeding.Agricultural University of Athens BIOMIN Holding GmbH

The effects of inclusion levels of a phytogenic feed additive(PFA), characterized by menthol anethol and eugenol, on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, biochemical biomarkers and total antioxidant capacity(TAC) of plasma and meat, as well as on the relative expression of selected cytokines,were studied in a 42-d experiment. A total of 225 one-day-old male Cobb broiler chickens were assigned into 3 treatments, with 5 replicates of 15 chickens each. Chickens were fed maize-soybean meal basal diets following a 3 phase(i.e., starter, grower and finisher) feeding program. Depending on PFA inclusion level, treatments were: no PFA(PFA-0), PFA at 100 mg/kg(PFA-100) and PFA at 150 mg/kg(PFA-150).Feed and water were available ad libitum. Feed conversion ratio(FCR) during finisher phase was improved quadratically(P < 0.05) with increasing PFA level. Overall, increasing PFA level increased body weight gain(BWG) in a linear(P < 0.05) and quadratic(P < 0.05) manner with treatments PFA-100 and PFA-150 being greater(P < 0.05) compared with PFA-0. Total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter increased linearly(P < 0.05) and quadratically(P < 0.05) with increasing PFA level. The apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen(AMEn) also increased linearly(P < 0.05). Increasing PFA level resulted in a linear(P < 0.05) increase in blood plasma TAC. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18(IL-18) was reduced linearly(P < 0.05) in spleen with increasing PFA level. In conclusion, PFA inclusion at 100 mg/kg diet positively influenced performance, whereas PFA inclusion at150 mg/kg resulted in a stronger improvement in AMEn and plasma TAC. Finally, PFA inclusion resulted in a pattern of reduced pro-inflammatory biomarker IL-18 at spleen. Overall, this study provides evidence for the beneficial role of PFA as a natural growth and health promoter in broiler chickens that needs to be further confirmed in field studies.

关键词： Chicken Phytogenic Antioxidant Menthol Anethol Eugenol

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Finland is following the trend--sperm quality in Finnish men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第2期15卷 162-164,I0004页

作者： Helena E Virtanen Sergey Sadov Matti Vierula Jorma Toppari departments of physiology and Paediatrics University of Turku Turku FI-20520 Finland

Finnish men have had a reputation for good semen quality. This was based on semen studies comparing Finnish men with other Europeans. However, those studies also showed that sperm concentrations of young men from the general population were only two-thirds of those of fertile men. Longitudinal follow-up of semen quality in young Finnish men showed a sig- nificant decline during 1998-2006, suggesting that Finland is following the global trend of impaired male reproductive health.

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A comprehensive review on natural phenolic compounds as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 1518-1534页

作者： Jingxia Gao Zhe Yang Chongqi Zhao Xiongzhuo Tang Qian Jiang Yulong Yin Animal nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China Laboratory of Animal nutritional physiology and Metabolic Process Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha410125China

Intensive livestock and poultry farming in China largely relied on the use of in-feed antibiotics until July *** consequences of antibiotic overuse in animal feed include accumulation in animal products and the development of bacterial antibiotic resistance,both of which threaten food safety and human *** has now completely banned the circulation of commercial feed containing growth-promoting drug additives(except Chinese herbal medicine).Therefore,alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in animal production are greatly *** phenolic compounds(NPCs)exist widely in plants and are non-toxic,nonpolluting,highly reproducible,and leave little *** natural flavonoids,phenolic acids,lignans,and stilbenes have polyphenol chemical structures and exhibit great potential as alternatives to *** this review we delineate the characteristics of plant-derived NPCs and summarize their current applications as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics,aiming to provide new strategies for antibiotic-free feeding and promote the development of more sustainable animal husbandry practices.

关键词： natural phenolic compounds alternatives to in-feed antibiotics animal husbandry intestinal health

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Biomechanical response of skeletal muscle to eccentric contractions

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第3期7卷 294-309页

作者： Richard L.Lieber Shirley Ryan Ability Lab Department of Veterans Affairs Departments of Biomedical Engineering and PhysiologyNorthwestern University

The forced lengthening of an activated skeletal muscle has been termed an eccentric contraction(EC).This review highlights the mechanically unique nature of the EC and focuses on the specific disruption of proteins within the cell known as cytoskeletal *** major intermediate filament cytoskeletal protein,desmin,has been the focus of work in this area because changes to desmin occur within minutes of ECs and because desmin has been shown to play both a mechanical and biologic role in a muscle's response to *** is hoped that these types of studies will assist in decreasing the incidence of muscle injury in athletes and facilitating the development of new therapies to treat muscle injuries.

关键词： Cytoskeleton Eccentric contraction Inflammation Muscle injury Muscle mechanics

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Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第9期58卷 839-853页

作者： XIE JingJing ZHANG ChengCheng Taishan Scholar Immunology Program Binzhou Medical University departments of physiology and Developmental Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs) would benefit clinical applications in several aspects, to improve patient survival, utilize cord blood stem cells for adult applications, and selectively propagate stem cell populations after genetic manipulation. In this review we summarize and discuss recent advances in the culture systems of mouse and human HSCs, which include stroma/HSC co-culture, continuous perfusion and fed-batch cultures, and those supplemented with extrinsic ligands, membrane transportable transcription factors, complement components, protein modification enzymes, metabolites, or small molecule chemicals. Some of the expansion systems have been tested in clinical trials. The optimal condition for ex vivo expansion of the primitive and functional human HSCs is still under development. An improved understanding of the mechanisms for HSC cell fate determination and the HSC culture characteristics will guide development of new strategies to overcome difficulties. In the future, development of a combination treatment regimen with agents that enhance self-renewal, block differentiation, and improve homing will be critical. Methods to enhance yields and lower cost during collection and processing should be employed. The employment of an efficient system for ex vivo expansion of HSCs will facilitate the further development of novel strategies for cell and gene therapies including genome editing.

关键词： ex vivo expansion hematopoietic stem cells niche signal transduction cord blood transplantation SCID-repopulating cell genome ed

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Effects of different protein and lipid levels on the growth performance and intestinal microflora of loach(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 229-239页

作者： Zirui Wang Shuyao Li Qiubai Zhou Jinhua Zhang Yongan Li Youjie Li Zhiwen Yuan Guanghua Huang College of Animal Science and Technology Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China Key Laboratory of Featured Hydrobios nutritional physiology and Healthy Breeding Nanchang330045China

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth per-formance and homeostasis of the intestinal flora in Paramisgurnus *** 8-week 3×3 two-factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction between dietary crude protein(CP:30%,35%,40%)and ether extract(EE:6%,10%,14%)on the growth rate and the intestinal microflora of ***.A total of 2,160 fish(5.19±0.01 g)were randomly allotted to 36 aquariums each with 60 *** were fed the experimental diet twice *** revealed that weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR),protein efficiency ratio and net protein utilization significantly increased when increasing protein levels from 30%to 40%(P<0.05).Both WGR and SGR enhanced first but reduced thereafter with maximum value at 10%lipid level as dietary lipid increased from 6%to 14%(P<0.05).Significant interactions between protein and lipid were found with feed conversion rate,lipid efficiency ratio and net lipid utilization(P<0.05).At the phylum level,Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria;at the genus level,Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia was the dominant *** fed the diet containing 10%lipid had a higher abundance of Proteobacteria and unclassi-fied_f_Eenterobacteriaceae than those fed the 14%lipid diet,and a higher abundance of Rhodobacter than those fed the 6%lipid diet(P<0.05).Analysis of the predicted functions showed that metabolism in the intestine of fish in the CP40EE10 group was more active than that in CP30EE14 *** regression analysis found that a diet containing 40.87%protein and 9.88%lipid can be considered optimal for ***.

关键词： Paramisgurnus dabryanus Protein/lipid ratio Growth performance Feed utilization Intestinal microflora

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Involvement of Cbl-b-mediated macrophage inactivation in insulin resistance

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第3期8卷 97-103页

作者： Tomoki Abe Katsuya Hirasaka Takeshi Nikawa Department of nutritional physiology Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies Nagasaki University

Aging and overnutrition cause obesity in rodents and humans. It is well-known that obesity causes various diseases by producing insulin resistance(IR). Macrophages infiltrate the adipose tissue(AT) of obese individuals and cause chronic low-level inflammation associated with IR. Macrophage infiltration is regulated by the chemokines that are released from hypertrophied adipocytes and the immune cells in AT. Saturated fatty acids are recognized by toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) and induce inflammatory responses in AT macrophages(ATMs). The inflammatory cytokines that are released from activated ATMs promote IR in peripheral organs, such as the liver, skeletal muscle and AT. Therefore, ATM activation is a therapeutic target for IR in obesity. The ubiquitin ligase Casitas b-lineage lymphoma-b(Cbl-b) appears to potently suppress macrophage migration and activation. Cbl-b is highly expressed in leukocytes and negatively regulates signals associated with migration and activation. Cbl-b deficiency enhances ATM accumulation and IR in aging- and diet-induced obese mice. Cbl-b inhibits migration-related signals and SFA-induced TLR4 signaling in ATMs. Thus, targeting Cbl-b may be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce the IR induced by ATM activation. In this review, we summarize the regulatory functions of Cbl-b in ATMs.

关键词： Casitas b-lineage lymphoma-b Insulin resistance Macrophage Obesity Toll-like receptor 4

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