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Effects of Acetylcholine, Cytochalasin B and Amiprophosmethyl on Phloem Transport in Radish （Raphanus sativas）

Journal of integrative Plant biology 2007年第4期49卷 550-555页

作者： Chong-Jun Yang Zhi-Xi Zhai Yu-Hai Guo Peng Gao Laboratory of Crop physiology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China College of Agronomy Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 China State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and biochemistry China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

We investigated the role of the ＂sieve tube-companion cell complex＂ lining the tube periphery, particularly the microfilament and microtubule, in assisting the pushing of phloem sap flow. We made a simple phloem transport system with a living radish plant, in which the conducting channel was exposed for local treatment with chemicals that are effective in modulating protoplasmic movement （acetylcholine, （ACh） a neurotransmitter in animals and insects; cytochalasin B, （CB） a specific inhibitor of many cellular responses that are mediated by microfilament systems and amiprophos-methyl, （APM） a specific inhibitor of many cellular responses that are mediated by microtubule systems）. Their effects on phloem transport were estimated by two experimental devices：（i） a comparison of changes in the amount of assimilates in terms of carbohydrates and ^14C-labeled photosynthetic production that is left in the leaf blade of treated plants; and （ii） distribution patterns of ^14C-labeled leaf assimilates in the phloem transport system. The results indicate that CB and APM markedly inhibited the transfer of photosynthetic product from leaf to root via the leaf vein, while ACh enhanced the transfer of photosynthetic product in low concentrations （5.0×10^-4 mol/L） but inhibited it in higher concentrations （2.0×10^-3 mol/L） from leaf to root via the leaf vein. Autoradiograph imaging clearly reveals that ACh treatment is more effective than the control, and both CB and APM treatments effectively inhibit the passage of radioactive assimilates. All of the results support the postulation that the peripheral protoplasm in the sieve tube serves not only as a passive semi-permeable membrane, but is also directly involved in phloem transport.

关键词： assimilate phloem protoplasm translocation vascular bundle.

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ROP GTPase-mediated auxin signaling regulates pavement cell interdigitation in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Journal of integrative Plant biology 2015年第1期57卷 31-39页

作者： Deshu Lin Huibo Ren Ying Fu Center for Genomics and Biotechnology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and biochemistry College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University

In multicellular plant organs, cell shape formation depends on molecular switches to transduce developmental or environmental signals and to coordinate cell-to-cell communi- cation. Plants have a specific subfamily of the Rho GTPase family, usually called Rho of Plants （ROP）, which serve as a critical signal transducer involved in many cellular processes. In the last decade, important advances in the ROP-mediated regulation of plant cell morphogenesis have been made by using Arubidopsis thaliana leaf and cotyledon pavement cells. Especially, the auxin-ROP signaling networks have been demonstrated to control interdigitated growth of pavement ceils to form jigsaw-puzzle shapes. Here, we review findingsrelated to the discovery of this novel auxin-signaling mecha- nism at the cell surface. This signaling pathway is to a large extent independent of the well-known Transport Inhibitor Response （TIR）-Auxin Signaling F-Box （AFB） pathway, and instead requires Auxin Binding Protein 1 （ABP1） interaction with the plasma membrane-localized, transmembrane kinase （TMK） receptor-like kinase to regulate ROP proteins. Once activated, ROP influences cytoskeletal organization and inhibits endocytosis of the auxin transporter PINt. The present review focuses on ROP signaling and its self-organizing feature allowing ROP proteins to serve as a bustling signal decoder and integrator for plant cell morphogenesis.

关键词： Auxin leaf pavement cell Rho of plants GTPase

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Fluorescence Technique Description for Measuring Ca<sup>2+</sup>in Mice Sperm

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Advances in molecular Imaging 2015年第2期5卷 29-37页

作者： Suha Mahmood A. Alghazal Jiuping Ding Key Laboratory of molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China departments physiology Biochemistry and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Mosul Mosul Iraq

Recently, fluorescence technique becomes very useful. It can allow for addressing a fundamental problem of cellular mechanism besides characterizing the species inside the cell to facilitate the diagnostic and prognostic value. Manipulation with fluorescent dyes provides many possibilities for their use as tags, probes, and sensors. These types can be intrinsic or extrinsic to the cell. They can become not only silent observers, but also participants, modulators or disruptors of specific activities outline the biological functions can be successfully studied quantitatively and qualitatively with fluorescence techniques.

关键词： Ca2+ Imaging Sperm Mice Ca2+ Channel Fluoresce Microscopy

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Arabidopsis Mature Pollen and Germinated Pollen

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Journal of integrative Plant biology 2009年第5期51卷 438-455页

作者： Junjie Zou Lianfen Song Wenzheng Zhang Yi Wang Songlin Ruan Wei-Hua Wu State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and biochemistry College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Institute of Biotechnology Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China

Proteomic analysis was applied to generating the map of Arabidopsis mature pollen proteins and analyzing the differentially expressed proteins that are potentially involved in the regulation of Arabidopsis pollen germination. By applying 2-D electrophoresis and silver staining, we resolved 499 and 494 protein spots from protein samples extracted from pollen grains and pollen tubes, respectively. Using the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry method, we identified 189 distinct proteins from 213 protein spots expressed in mature pollen or pollen tubes, and 75 new identified proteins that had not been reported before in research into the Arabidopsis pollen proteome. Comparative analysis revealed that 40 protein spots exhibit reproducible significant changes between mature pollen and pollen tubes. And 21 proteins from 17 downregulated and six upregulated protein spots were identified. Functional category analysis indicated that these differentially expressed proteins mainly involved in signaling, cellular structure, transport, defense/stress responses, transcription, metabolism, and energy production. The patterns of changes at protein level suggested the important roles for energy metabolism-related proteins in pollen tube growth, accompanied by the activation of the stress response pathway and modifications to the cell wall.

关键词： 2D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Arabidopsis thaliana matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry pollen pollen tube proteome.

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Reactive oxygen species signaling and stomatal movement in plant responses to drought stress and pathogen attack

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Journal of integrative Plant biology 2018年第9期60卷 805-826页

作者： Junsheng Qi Chun-Peng Song Baoshan Wang Jianmin Zhou Jaakko Kangasjarvi Jian-Kang Zhu Zhizhong Gong State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and biochemistry College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress biology Henan ProvinceInstitute of Plant Stress BiologyHenan UniversityKaifeng 475001China Key Lab of Plant Stress Research College of Life ScienceShandong Normal UniversityJi'nan 250000China State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Division of Plant biology Viikki Plant Science CentreDepartment of BiosciencesUniversity of Helsinki00014 HelsinkiFinland Shanghai Center for Plant Stress biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Stomata, the pores formed by a pair of guard cells, are the main gateways for water transpiration and photosynthetic CO2 exchange, as well as pathogen invasion in land plants. Guard cell movement is regulated by a combination of environmental factors, including water status, light, CO2 levels and pathogen attack, as well as endogenous signals, such as abscisic acid and apoplastic reactive oxygen species （ROS）. Under abiotic and biotic stress conditions, extracellular ROS are mainly produced by plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases, whereas intracellular ROS are produced in multiple organelles. These ROS form a sophisticated cellular signaling network, with the accumulation of apoplastic ROS an early hallmark of stomatal movement. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the ROS signaling network, primarily during drought stress and pathogen attack. We summarize the roles of apoplastic ROS in regulating stomatal movement, ABA and CO2 signaling, and immunity responses. Finally, we discuss ROS accumulation and communication between organelles and cells. This information provides a conceptual framework for understanding how ROS signaling is integrated with various signaling pathways during plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress stimuli.

关键词： ROS Reactive oxygen species signaling and stomatal movement in plant responses to drought stress and pathogen attack ABA

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Histamine 3 receptor activation mediates inhibition of acid secretion during Helicobacter-induced gastritis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2010年第5期1卷 154-165页

作者： Yana Zavros Nisreen Mesiwala Meghna Waghray Andrea Todisco Arthur Shulkes Juanita L Merchant departments of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology University of Michigan Department of molecular and cellular physiology University of Cincinnati Department of Surgery Austin and Repatriation Medical CenterUniversity of Melbourne departments of Internal Medicine and molecular and integrative physiology University of Michigan

AIM:To test the hypothesis that histamine 3 receptor (H3R)activation during Helicobacter infection inhibits gastric acid secretion in vivo and in ***:Helicobacter felis(***)infected and uninfected C57Bl/6 mice were infused with either PBS or the H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide(THIO)for 12 *** treatment,mice were analyzed for morphological changes and gastric acid *** RNA was prepared from the stomachs of each group and analyzed for changes in somatostatin and gastrin mRNA abundance by real time-polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR).Location of H3 receptors in the stomach was analyzed by co-localization using antibodies specific for the H3 receptor and parietal cell marker H + ,K + -ATPase βsubunit. RESULTS:Inflammation and parietal cell atrophy was observed after 12 wk of *** ***, treatment with the H3R antagonist thioperamide(THIO) prior to and during infection prevented ***-induced inflammation and *** to the uninfected controls,infected mice also had significantly decreased gastric *** eradication of *** with THIO treatment,gastric acidity was *** to the control mice,somatostatin mRNA abundance was decreased while gastrin gene expression was elevated during *** elevated gastric acid levels, after eradication of *** with THIO,somatostatin mRNA was elevated whereas gastrin mRNA was *** revealed the presence of H3 receptors on the parietal cells,somatostatin-secreting D-cells as well as the inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION:This study shows that during *** infection,gastric acidity is suppressed as a consequence of an inhibitory effect on the parietal cell by H3R *** stimulation of gastric mucosal H3Rs increases gastrin expression and release by inhibiting release of somatostatin.

关键词： Gastrin Somatostatin Histamine Parietal

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A WRKY transcription factor confers aluminum tolerance via regulation of cell wall modifying genes

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Journal of integrative Plant biology 2020年第8期62卷 1176-1192页

作者： Chun Xiao Li Jing Ying Yan Jiang Yuan Ren Li Sun Chen Xu Gui Xin Li Zhong Jie Ding Shao Jian Zheng State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Agricultural Experiment Station Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Modification of cell wall properties has been considered as one of the determinants that confer aluminum(Al)tolerance in plants,while how cell wall modifying processes are regulated remains ***,we present a WRKY transcription factor WRKY47 involved in Al tolerance and root *** of WRKY47 significantly reduces,while overexpression of it increases Al *** show that lack of WRKY47 substantially affects subcellular Al distribution in the root,with Al content decreased in apoplast and increased in symplast,which is attributed to the reduced cell wall Al-binding capacity conferred by the decreased content of hemicellulose I in the wrky47-1 *** on microarray,real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays,we further show that WRKY47 directly regulates the expression of EXTENSIN-LIKE PROTEIN(ELP)and XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE-HYDROLASES17(XTH17)responsible for cell wall *** the expression of ELP and XTH17 rescued Al tolerance as well as root growth in wrky47-1 *** summary,our results demonstrate that WRKY47 is required for root growth under both normal and Al stress conditions via direct regulation of cell wall modification genes,and that the balance of Al distribution between root apoplast and symplast conferred by WRKY47 is important for Al tolerance.

关键词： distribution WRKY tolerance

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A Genome-wide Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis Regulatory Calcium Sensors in Pollen Tubes

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Journal of integrative Plant biology 2009年第8期51卷 751-761页

作者： Liming Zhou1,2, Ying Fu1,2 and Zhenbiao Yang2,3 (1State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China 2China Agricultural University (CAU)-University of California, Riverside (UCR) Joint Center for Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China 3Center for Plant Cell biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA) State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and biochemistry Department of Plant Sciences College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China China Agricultural University (CAU)-University of California Riverside (UCR) Joint Center for Biological Sciences and Biotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Center for Plant Cell biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA)

Calcium, an ubiquitous second messenger, plays an essential and versatile role in cellular signaling. The diverse function of calcium signals is achieved by an excess of calcium sensors. Plants possess large numbers of calcium sensors, most of which have not been functionally characterized. To identify physiologically relevant calcium sensors in a specific cell type, we conducted a genome-wide functional survey in pollen tubes, for which spatiotemporal calcium signals are well-characterized and required for polarized tip growth. *** members of calrnodulin （CAM）, CaM-like （CML）, calcium-dependent protein kinase （CDPK） and calcineurin B-like protein （CBL） families were tagged with green fluorescence protein （GFP） and their localization patterns and overexpression phenotypes were characterized in tobacco pollen tubes. We found that several fusion proteins showed distinct overexpression phenotypes and subcellular localization patterns. CDPK24-GFP was localized to the vegetative nucleus and the generative cell/sperms. CDPK32-GFP caused severe growth depolarization. CBL2-GFP and CBL3-GFP exhibited dynamic patterns of subcellular localization, including several endomembrane compartments, the apical plasma membrane （PM）, and cytoskeleton-like structures in pollen tubes. Their overexpression also inhibited pollen tube elongation and induced growth depolarization. These putative calcium sensors are excellent candidates for the calcium sensors responsible for the regulation of calcium homeostasis and calciumdependent tip growth and growth oscillation in pollen tubes.

关键词： Arabidopsis calcium sensor calcium signaling Rho-related GTPase from plants subcellular localization tip growth

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The roles of endomembrane trafficking in plant abiotic stress responses

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Journal of integrative Plant biology 2020年第1期62卷 55-69页

作者： Xiangfeng Wang Min Xu Caiji Gao Yonglun Zeng Yong Cui Wenjin Shen Liwen Jiang State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and biochemistry Department of Plant SciencesCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal University(SCNU)Guangzhou 510631China School of Life Sciences Centre for Cell&Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina

Endomembrane trafficking is a fundamental cellular process in all eukaryotic cells and its regulatory mechanisms have been extensively *** plants,the endomembrane trafficking system needs to be constantly adjusted to adapt to the ever-changing *** has accumulated supporting the idea that endomembrane trafficking is tightly linked to stress signaling pathways to meet the demands of rapid changes in cellular processes and to ensure the correct delivery of stress-related cargo ***,the underlying mechanisms remain *** this review,we summarize the recent findings on the functional roles of both secretory trafficking and endocytic trafficking in different types of abiotic *** also highlight and discuss the unique properties of specific regulatory molecules beyond their conventional functions in endosomal trafficking during plant growth under stress conditions.

关键词： stress traffic supporting

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NARROW AND ROLLED LEAF 2 regulates leaf shape,male fertility, and seed size in rice

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Journal of integrative Plant biology 2016年第12期58卷 983-996页

作者： Shuangshuang Zhao Lei Zhao Fengxia Liu Yongzhen Wu Zuofeng Zhu Chuanqing Sun Lubin Tan National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice) Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization MOE Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and biochemistry China Agricultural University

Grain yield in rice （Oryza sativa L.） is closely related to leaf and flower development. Coordinative regulation of leaf, pollen, and seed development in rice as a critical biological and agricultural question should be addressed. Here we identified two allelic rice mutants with narrow and semi- rolled leaves, named narrow and rolled leaf2-1 （nrl2-1） and nr12- 2. Map-based molecular cloning revealed that NRL2 encodes a novel protein with unknown biochemical function. The mutation of NRL2 caused pleiotropic effects, including a reduction in the number of longitudinal veins, defective abaxial sclerenchymatous cell differentiation, abnormal tape- tum degeneration and microspore development, and the formation of more slender seeds compared with the wild type （WT）. The NRL2 protein interacted with Rolling-leaf （RL14）, causing the leaves of the nrl2 mutants to have a higher cellulose content and lower Iignin content than the WT, which may have been related to sclerenchymatous cell differentia- tion and tapetum degeneration. Thus, this gene is an essential developmental regulator controlling fundamental cellular and developmental processes, serving as a potential breeding target for high-yielding rice cultivars.

关键词： nrl2 narrow and rolled leaf sclerenchymatous cell malefertility seed size secondary cell wall

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