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ORAL　TRANSMUCOSAL　BACK　PERMEATION　OF　ALFENTANIL　IN　DOGS──A　NOVEL　METHOD　TO　DETERMINE　BLOOD　ALFENTANIL　CONCENTRATION

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 1994年第4期9卷 233-236页

作者：牛苏毅张洁黄宇光 departmentofanesthesiology UniversityofUtahMedicalCenterSaltLakeCityUTU.S.A. Correspondingauthor.departmentofanesthesiology PekingUnionMedicalCollegeHospitalBeijing100730

This study explores a novel noninvasive method for monitoring blood alfentanil concentrations using a dog model. Alfentanil which 'back', permeated across the oral mucosa from the systemic circulation was collected from the oral mucosal surface and quantitated. The levels of the 'back' permeated alfentanil were found to closely reflect real time serum alfentanil concentrations. With further work, this finding may lead to a novel noninvasive method for monitoring real time serum alfentanil concentrations in its clinical applications.

关键词： alfentanil oral mucosa noninvasive monitoring

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CONTROLLED HYPOTENSION INDUCED BY NIMODIPINE IN CRANIOCEREBRAL SURGERY

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Chinese Medical Journal 1995年第6期 22-24页

作者：张萍王保国王恩真陈新中 BeijingNeurosurgicalInstitute DepartmentofAnesthesiologyBeijingTiantanHospital

Nimodipine, produced in China, was applied to lower the blood pressure (BP) in 20 cases in craniocerebral operation. 0.02% solution of Nimodipine was dripped intravenously (by 0.02% of density), at a preliminary speed of 600-800 μg / min, and 4-12 mg of total dose. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased and maintained at 7.3-8.0 kPa, and lasted 30-60 minutes. The scopes of decreasing pressure were 33.0%-37.7% of MAP, 31.6%-35.6% of systolic pressure (SP), and 36.1%-41.9% of diastolic pressure (DP). The re suits of lowering pressure which reduced the intraoperative bleeding were significant. After withdrawal of drug supply for 15-30 minutes, the BP raised up to the normal level. No "rebounding BP rise" occurred.

关键词： intraoperative minutes lowering withdrawal preliminary bleeding diastolic systolic maintained decreasing

CHILDREN'S DEVELOPMENT EFFECTING BLOOD OXYGEN DESATURATION FOLLOWING APNEA

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Chinese Medical Journal 1995年第6期 36-39页

作者：薛富善罗来葵佟世义廖旭唐耿志邓小明 departmentofanesthesiology PlasticSurgeryHospitalChineseAcademyofMedicalSciences

One hundred and fifty-six children aged from 4 months to 12 years undergoing elective plastic surgery were included in this study. All children were ASA physical status I, under normal development, ranging from 64 to 140 cm in body height and from 6.0 to 41.0 kg in body weight. Following 2-minute preoxygenation, the time when SpO2 dropped to 95% and 90% in apneic period had a close correlation with age, weight and height of children by means of linear and non-linear-regression analysis. The smaller the children's weight, the higher the incidence of severe arterial desaturation after reinstitution of manual ventilation with 100% oxygen at SpO2 of 90%. It is suggested that younger children are more susceptible to hypoxemia than older ones during apnea and provided no problem existing other than oxygen delivery, an SpO2 of 95% might be the safe limitation of apnea in pediatric anesthesia induction.

关键词： SPO De

Resection of tracheal tumor under cardiopulmonary bypass: a case report

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Chinese Medical Journal 2005年第12期118卷 1047-1049页

作者： CHENHai-hong PANWei ANXiao-xia DepartmentofOtolaryngology departmentofanesthesiology

Anesthesia for low tracheal tumor surgery presents many challenges: conventional anesthetic techniques would be catastrophic if one attempts to insert a tracheal tube which may cause a complete obstruction of the airway; on the other hand, tracheotomy usually can not pass beyond the obstruction. So how to get an adequate gas exchange as well as a good surgical access is what we must resolve during operation. In recent years, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is not only used in cardiac surgery, but also becomes an attractive technique to facilitate non-cardiac surgery. 1-4 Here we report an emergent operation for resection of low tracheal tumor which was successfully performed under partial CPB in July 2004.

关键词： cardiopulmonary bypass · tracheal neoplasms · emergency treatment

Isoflurane preserves energy balance in isolated hepatocytes during in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第25期11卷 3920-3924页

作者： QuanLi Wei-FengYu Mai-TaoZhou XinLu Li-QunYang MingZhu Jian-GangSong Jun-HuaLu departmentofanesthesiology EasternHepatobiliarySurgeryHospitaltheSecondMilitaryMedicalUniversityShanghai200438China DepartmentofClinicalSurgery EasternHepatobiliarySurgeryHospitaltheSecondMilitaryMedicalUniversityShanghai200438China

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of isoflurane on energy balance in isolated hepatocytes during in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation, and to compare isoflurane with halothane. METHODS: Hepatocytes freshly isolated from fed rats were suspended in Krebs-Henseleit buffer, and incubated in sealed flasks under O2/CO2 or N2/CO2 (95%/5%, V/V) for 30 or 60 min, followed by 5 or 10 min of reoxygenation, with an added volatile anesthetic or not. ATP, ADP, and adenosine monophosphate in hepatocytes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and energy charge was calculated. RESULTS: During 30 min of anoxia, the energy charge and total adenine nudeotide steadily increased with the isoflurane dose from 0 to 2 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC), then decreased from 2 to 3 MAC. In short incubations (30-35 min) at 1 MAC isoflurane, energy charge modestly decreased during anoxia, which was partially prevented by isoflurane and completely reversed by reoxygenation, and total adenine nudeotide did not decrease. In long incubations (60-70 min), both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide greatly decreased during anoxia, with partial and no reversal by reoxygenation, respectively. Isoflurane partly prevented decreases in both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide during anoxia and reoxygenation. In addition, 1 MAC isoflurane obviously increased ATP/ADP, which could not be changed by 1 MAC halothane. CONCLUSION: Isoflurane partially protects isolated hepatocytes against decreases in both energy charge and total adenine nudeotide during short (reversible) or long (irreversible) anoxia.

关键词： Isoflurane Hepatocytes Anoxia Energy balance

In vivo suppressive effect of nudear factor-kB inhibitor on neutrophilic inflammation of grafts after orthotopic liver transplantation in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第24期10卷 3654-3658页

作者： Xiao-PingGu Yu-DongQiu Fu-TaoXu YongJiang Yi-TaoDing departmentofanesthesiology DrumTowerHospitalMedicalDepartmentofNanjingUniversityNanjing210008JiangsuProvinceChina DepartmentofHepatobiliarySurgery DrumTowerHospitalMedicalDepartmentofNanjingUniversityNanjing210008JiangsuProvinceChina

AIM. To investigate the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a novel nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor, on expression of multiple inflammatory mediators and neutrophilic inflammation of cold preserved grafts after rat liver transplantation and its ***: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) was performed after 24 h of cold storage using University of Wisconsin solution with varied concentrations of PDTC. We determined the time course of NF-κB activation and expression of multiple inflammatory signals, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cytokine-inducible neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) by ELISA methods. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), intrahepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO)/WBC (a measure of neutrophil accumulation) and Mac-1 expression (a measure of circulating neutrophil activity) were also ***: PDTC decreased NF-κB activation induced by prolonged cold preservation in a dose dependent manner (from 20 mmol/L to 60 mmol/L), diminished TNF-α, CINC,ICAM-1 proteins in the grafts, and reduced the expression f increases in plasma TNF-α levels induced by prolonged old preservation. Neutrophilic inflammation of the graft was significantly suppressed after preservation with PDTC (P<0.05). The total neutrophil accumulation in PDTC (40 mmol/L) group (7.04±0.97) was markedly reduced compared to control group (14.07±1.31) (P<0.05). Mac-1 expression was significantly reduced in PDTC (40 retool/L) group (181±11.3%) compared with the control group (281±13.2%) (P<0.05) at 6 h after reperfusion. Furthermore,PDTC inhibited the increased serum ALT levels after liver ***: PDTC can inhibit B NF-κB activation and expression of the inflammatory mediators, which are associated with improved graft viability via inhibiting intrahepatic neutrophilic inflammation. Our study suggests that a therapeutic strategy directed at inhibition of NF-κB activation in the transplanted li

关键词：抑制作用因子-κB 抑制剂嗜中性炎症器官移植常位肝脏移植老鼠消化系统

Effect of cold-ischemia time on nuclear factor-кB activation and inflammatory response in graft after orthotopic liver transplantation in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第7期10卷 1000-1004页

作者： Xiao-PingGu YongJiang Fu-TaoXu Yu-DongQiu Yi-TaoDing departmentofanesthesiology GulouHospitalNanjingUniversityMedicalCenterNanjing210008JiangsuProvinceChina DepartmentofHepatobiliarySurgery GulouHospitalNanjingUniversityMedicalCenterNanjing210008JiangsuProvinceChina

AIM: To study the mechanism and effect of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and inflammatory response on the extended cold-preserved graft injury after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS: OLT was performed in rats with varying time of cold ischemia grafts (6, 18 and 24 h in University Wisconsin solution at 4 ℃). We determined the time of NF-κB activation and expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cytokineinducible neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) within 6 h after reperfusion. Serum alarming aminotransferase (ALT), neutrophil sequestration, circulating neutrophil CD11b and L- selectin expression were also evaluated. RESULTS: The accumulation of neutrophils in the graft was significantly increased in the 18 h and 24 h cold-ischemia groups within 0.5 h after reperfusion, compared with the 6 h group. But the strongly activated neutrophils was slightly increased at 2 h after reperfusion and remained at high levels 4 h after reperfusion, which was synchronized with the common situation of recipients after transplantation. Prolonged cold-preservation did not affect neutrophil accumulation and activation. NF-κB activation preceded the expression of TNF-α, CINC, and ICAM-1 in the liver, which was significantly increased with prolonged cold preservation. In prolonged cold preserved grafts, prominently elevated NF-κB activation occurred at 0.5 h and 1 h, compared with that at 2 h after reperfusion, which was consistent with greatly increased intrahepatic TNF-α response. CONCLUSION: NF-κB activation is correlated with the expression of TNF-α, CINC, and ICAM-1 in vivo in OLT rats. Extended cold preservation of grafts might up-regulate TNF-α, CINC, and ICAM-1 expression in the grafts, most probably through elevated NF-κB activation, and might contribute to neutrophil infiltration in the grafts after reperfusion. Elevated NF-κB activity is harmful to inflammatory response in the grafts, and inhibited NF-κB ac

关键词：常位肝移植动物实验肝缺血冷冻保存炎症反应神经因子-κB

Isoflurane preconditioning induces ischemic tolerance in MCAO rats

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第四军医大学学报 2001年第5期22卷 474-476页

作者：朱振华熊利泽等 departmentofanesthesiology XijingHospitalFourthMilitaryMedicalUniversityXi‘an710033Chian Departmen

INTRODUCTION　The “ischemic tolerance in brain” fou nded by Kitagawa et al[1] is an ideal model to investigate the mechanisms of cerebral ischemic damage and neuroprotection. But exposing patients to brief ischemic events before an antici pated cerebral ischemia occurs seems difficult and unacceptable in clinical practice. Therefore, some investigators studied the possibility of chemical preconditionin g which mimics ischemic preconditioning, and demonstrated that some chemicals coul d induce the ischemic tolerance in brain [2]. However, the clinical applic ation of these chemical substances is yet to be elucidated because of their toxicity or side ef fects.　　Recently, isoflurane and sevoflurane have been proved to be able to mimic ischemic preconditioning in myocardial ischemia[3-6]. Whether they could also induce the same effects in brain has not been reported yet. Therefore, the present stud y was undertaken to testify if isoflurane could induce ischemic tolerance in brain on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model.

关键词：局灶性脑缺血异氟醚预处理实验研究

Effect of glutarnate on inflammatory responses of intestine and brain after focal cerebral ischemia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第5期11卷 733-736页

作者： LeiXu JieSun RanLu QingJi Jian-GuoXu departmentofanesthesiology JinlingHospitalMedicalSchoolofNanjingUniversityNanjing210002JiangsuProvinceChina

AIM: To study the modulation of glutamate on post-ischemic intestinal and cerebral inflammatory responses in a ischemic and excitotoxic rat ***: Adult male rats were subjected to bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 15 min and injection of monosodium glutamate intraperitoneally, to decapitate them at selected time points. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), *** parameters were monitored continuously during the whole process of cerebral ischemia and ***: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) treated rats displayed statistically significant high levels of TNF-α in cerebral and intestinal tissuess within the first 6 h of ischemia. The rats with cerebral ischemia showed a minor decrease of TNF-α production in cerebral and intestinal tissuess. The rats with cerebral ischemia and treated with MSG displayed statistically significant low levels of TNF-α in cerebral and intestinal tissues. These results correlated significantly with NF-κB production calculated at the same intervals. During experiment, the mean blood pressure and heart rates in all groups were ***: Glutamate is involved in the mechanism of intestinal and cerebral inflammation responses. The effects of glutamate on cerebral and intestinal inflammatory responses after ischemia are up-regulated at the transcriptional level,through the NF-κB signal transduction pathway.

关键词： Cerebral ischemia Glutamate Intestine inflammatory responses Cerebral inflammatory responses NF-κB