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Global prevalence,mortality,and main risk factors for COVID-19 associated pneumocystosis:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第10期15卷 431-441页

作者： Hossein Khodadadi Ehsan Ahmadpour Sanam Nami Rasoul Mohammadi Hanieh Hosseini Mahsa Behravan Hamid Morovati department of parasitology and Mycology School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran department of Medical Mycology and parasitology School of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran department of Medical parasitology and Mycology School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran immunology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Student Research Committee Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran

Objective:Pneumocystis pneumonia(PcP)is a life-threatening infection caused by the opportunistic fungi Pneumocystis *** emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the focus of attention of health policymakers on these two infections due to their clinical and paraclinical similarities,which cause diagnostic *** study was undertaken to evaluate and estimate the global prevalence and main leading risk factors of coronavirus-associated pneumocystosis(CAP).Methods:We searched related databases between December 2019 and May 2022 for studies reporting ***-analysis was performed using StatsDirect software(version 2.7.9)according to the DerSimonian and Laird method applying the random-effects *** evaluated heterogeneity using theχ2-based Q statistic(significant for P75%indicative of“notable”heterogeneity).Moreover,an odds ratio(OR)analysis was performed for eligible ***:Our meta-analysis included eight studies with 923 patients hospitalized with COVID-19;among them,92 were PcP *** overall pooled prevalence of CAP was estimated at 11.5%.The mortality among CAP patients was lower than that of non-PcP patients(OR 1.93;95%CI 0.86-4.31).Long-term corticosteroid therapy(OR 28.22;95%CI 0.54-1480.84)was the most predisposing factor for PcP among COVID-19 patients,followed by pulmonary diseases(OR 1.46;95%CI 0.43-4.98),kidney diseases(OR 1.26;95%CI 0.21-7.49),and acute respiratory destruction syndrome(OR 1.22;95%CI 0.05-29.28).Conclusions:The prevalence of PcP among the COVID-19 population is almost similar to the pre-COVID ***,PcP-related mortality was decreased by the emergence of the COVID-19 *** with COVID-19 are more susceptible to PcP than *** respiratory distress syndrome,kidney diseases,pulmonary diseases,and long-term corticosteroid therapy increased the risk of PcP;however,transplantation and malignancy decreased the risk for PcP among COVID-19 *** retrospective,cas

关键词： Coronavirus disease 19 COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Pneumocystis pneumonia(PcP) COVID-associated infections Prevalence Odds ratio Risk factors

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Duodenal intraepithelial T lymphocytes in patients with functional dyspepsia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第16期13卷 2333-2338页

作者： Gilles Gargala Stéphane Lecleire Arnaud Franois Serge Jacquot Pierre Déchelotte Jean Jacques Ballet Loic Favennec Philippe Ducrotté parasitology department Rouen University Hospital & EA 3234-IFRMP 23 University of Rouen France Gastroenterology department Rouen University Hospital & EA 3234-IFRMP 23 University of Rouen France Pathology department Rouen University Hospital France immunology department Rouen University Hospital & U.519-IFRMP 23 University of Rouen France immunology department Caen University Hospital & UPRES-EA 2128 University of Caen France

AIM： To quantify the intraepithelial lymphocytes （IELs） and to document the membrane expression of CD4, CD8, TCRγδ and adhesion and/or activation-associated molecules （CD103, CD28, CD44, CD69, HLA-DR, CD95/ Fas） in the duodenal mucosa of patients with functional dyspepsia （FD） in order to provide arguments for an immunological process in FD. METHODS： Twenty-six FD patients according to Rome Ⅱ criteria （20 were H pylori negative） were studied and compared to 12 healthy adults. IELs were isolated from five duodenal biopsy samples, then quantified by microscopy and flow cytometry while the membrane phenotypes were determined by cytofluorometry. RESULTS： Duodenal histological examination was normal. In H pylori negative patients, the number of IELs was not different from that in healthy controls. Median percentage expression of CD4, CD8, or TCRy8 and CD103, CD44, CD28, CD69 on CD3＋ IELs, among the adhesion/activation associated molecules tested, was not different from that in healthy controls. In contrast, the median percentage expression of CD95/ Fas [22 （9-65） vs 45 （19-88）, P = 0.03] and HLADR expressing CD3＋ IELs [4 （0-30） vs 13 （4-42）, P = 0.04] was significantly lower in the H pylori negative FD group than in healthy controls, respectively. The number of IELs was significantly greater in H pylori positive FD patients than in healthy controls [median ratio for 100 enterocytes 27.5 （6.7-62.5） vs 10.8 （3-33.3）, P = 0.02] due to a higher number of CD8＋ CD3＋ IELs. CONCLUSION： In H pylori negative FD patients, the phenotypic characterization of IELs suggests that we cannot exclude a role of IELs in FD.

关键词： Functional dyspepsia Intraepithelial T lymphocytes Gut CD95/Fas HLA-DR

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Oxygen dependent pyruvate oxidase expression and production in Streptococcus sanguinis

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International Journal of Oral Science 2011年第2期3卷 82-89页

作者： Lan-yan Zheng Andreas Itzek Zhi-yun Chen Jens Kreth department of Microbiology and immunology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma USA China Medical University Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Shenyang 110001 China department of Oral Btology College of Dentistry University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma 73104USA

The objective of this study was to characterize the oxygen dependent regulation of pyruvate oxidase （SpxB） gene expression and protein production in Streptococcus sanguinis （S. sanguinis）. SpxB is responsible for the generation of growth-inhibiting amounts of hydrogen peroxide （H202） able to antagonize cariogenic Strepto- coccus mutans （S. mutans）. Furthermore, the ecological consequence of H202 production was investigated in its self-inhibiting ability towards the producing strain. Expression of spxB was determined with quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR and a fluorescent expression reporter strain. Protein abundance was investigated with FLAG epitope engineered in frame on the C-terminal end of SpxB. Self inhibition was tested with an antagonism plate assay. The expression and protein abundance decreased in cells grown under anaerobic conditions. S. sanguinis was resistant against its own produced H202, while cariogenic S. mutans was inhibited in its growth. The results suggest that S. sanguinis produces H202 as antimicrobial substance to inhibit susceptible niche competing species like S. mutans during initial biofilm formation, when oxygen availability allows for spxB expression and Spx production.

关键词： Streptococcus sanguinis pyruvate oxidase oxygen dependent

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Notch ligand-expressing adenovirus infection enhances the efficacy of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy for allergic asthma in mice

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Cellular & Molecular immunology 2019年第8期16卷 730-732页

作者： Chu-Lun Lin Chen-Chen Lee Chia-Kwung Fan Yueh-Lun Lee department of Microbiology and immunology School of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031 TaiwanChina department of Microbiology and immunology School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichung 40402 TaiwanChina department of Molecular parasitology and Tropical Medicine School of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031 TaiwanChina

According to the World Health Organization,the prevalence of asthma is rising worldwide,and asthma causes 250,000 deaths annually.1 Allergic asthma is a type of chronic airway inflammation caused by dysregulated T helper type 2(Th2)-type immune *** with allergic asthma are characterized by elevated serum immunoglobulin E(IgE)antibody levels,mucus production,and pulmonary inflammation as well as airway hyperresponsiveness(AHR).2 Current therapeutic methods for asthma include inhaled corticosteroids andβ2 agonists to relieve asthma syndromes,but these treatments do not change the chronic disease course in *** patients need high doses of inhaled corticosteroids or require long-term daily treatment with oral steroids.3 Therefore,efforts should be targeted towards developing innovative therapeutic strategies to improve patient quality of life and reduce unwanted *** of the advances in the development of future therapies is the use of genetically modified dendritic cells(DCs)to decrease pathological Th2-mediated responses and maintain a disease-modifying effect long *** activation is crucial for inducing T cell immunity as well as determining T cell differentiation.4 Importantly,DCs can be cultured in vitro,and large amounts of generated clinical-grade DCs have become ***,DCs has been shown to be permissive of adenoviral(Ad)vector infection in vitro,and Ad vectors are a promising gene delivery platform for a variety of therapeutic and vaccine applications.5 In this regard,overexpressing immunoregulatory proteins in Ad-modified DCs would be an effective way to suppress Th2 cell immunity and establish an antiallergic response.

关键词： asthma allergic immunity

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Plasmodium yoelii infection inhibits murine leukaemia WEHI-3 cell proliferation in vivo by promoting immune responses

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 472-479页

作者： Zhen-Zhen Tong Zheng-Ming Fang Qi Zhang Yun Zhan Yue Zhang Wan-Fang Jiang Xiao Hou Yong-Long Li Ting Wang department of parasitology School of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina department of immunology School of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina

Background:Leukaemia is a malignant leukocyte disorder with a high fatality rate,and current treatments for this disease are ***,new therapeutic strategies for leukaemia must be *** parasite infection has been shown to be effective at combating certain neoplasms in animal *** study is to demonstrate the anti-leukaemia activity of malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii(***)infection,.Methods:In this study,the proportion of CD3,CD19,CD11b and Mac-3 cells was analysed by flow cytometry;the levels of IFN-γand TNF-αin individual serum samples were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the phagocytic activity of macrophages and natural killer(NK)cell activity were measured by flow ***:We found that *** infection significantly attenuated the growth of WEHI-3 cells in *** addition,tumor cell infiltration into the murine liver and spleen was markedly *** also demonstrated that malaria parasite infection elicited anti-leukaemia activity by promoting immune responses,including increasing the surface markers of T cells(CD3)and B cells(CD19);decreasing the surface markers of monocytes(CD11b)and macrophages(Mac-3);inducing the secretion of IFN-γand TNF-α;and increasing NK cell and macrophage ***:Malaria parasite infection significantly decreases the number of myeloblasts and inhibits neoplasm proliferation in *** addition,malaria parasite infection inhibits murine leukaemia by promoting immune responses.

关键词： Leukaemia Plasmodium yoelii WEHI-3 cells Anti-leukaemia

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Prevalence of amebiasis in inflammatory bowel disease in Turkey

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第8期9卷 1834-1835页

作者： Sebnem Ustun Hande Dagci Umit Aksoy Yuksel Guruz Galip Ersoz department of Gastroenterology School of MedicineUniversity of Ege35100BornovaIzmirTurkey department of parasitology School of MedicineUniversity of Ege35100BornovaIzmirTurkey department of parasitology School of MedicineUniversity of Dokuz EylulIzmirTurkey

AIM: To explore the prevalence of amebiasis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ***: In this study, amoeba prevalence in 160 cases of IBD, 130 of ulcerative colitis and 30 of Crohn′s disease were investigated in fresh faeces by means of wet mount+Lugol′s iodine staining, modified formol ethyl acetate and trichrome staining methods and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of wet mount+Lugol′s iodine staining,modified formol ethyl acetate and trichrome staining methods in the diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica)/Entamoeba dispar (E. dispar).RESULTS: E. histolytica/E. dispar cysts and trophozoites were found in 14 (8.75 %) of a total of 160 cases, 13 (10.0 %)of the 130 patients with ulcerative colitis and 1 (3.3 %) of the 30 patients with Crohn′s disease. As for the 105 patients in the control group who had not any gastrointestinal complaints, 2 (1.90 %) patients were found to have ***/E. dispar cysts in their faeces. Parasite prevalence in the patient group was determined to be significantly higher than that in the control group (Fischer′s Exact Test, P＜0.05).When the three methods of determining parasites were compared with one another, the most effective one was found to be trichrome staining method (Kruskal-Wallis Test, P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Consequently, amoeba infections in IBD cases have a greater prevalence compared to the normal population. The trichrome staining method is more effective for the detection of E. histolytica/E. dispar than the wet mount+Lugol′s iodine staining, modified formol ethyl acetate methods.

关键词：阿米巴病肠炎土耳其流行病学

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Mosquito larvicidal activity of some common spices and vegetable waste on Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第4期4卷 288-293页

作者： Someshwar Singha Goutam Chandra Mosquito and Microbiology Research Units Parasitology LaboratoryDepartment of ZoologyBurdwan University

Objective:To investigate the larvicidal activities of crude and chlor of orm:methanol(1:1 v/ v) extracts of some common spices(Cuminum cyminum,Allium sativum,Zingiber offinale, Curcuma longa) and vegetable waste(Solanum tuberosum germinated tuber) against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito ***:Larval mortality of above mosquito species were observed after 24,48 and 72 h of exposure to five concentrations of aqueous extract(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%and 0.5%) and four concentrations(25,50,75 ppm) of chlor of orm:methanol(1:1 v/v) *** lethal concentration of individual spices or vegetable waste was determined by log-probit analysis(at 95%confidence level) and effect of crude and chlor of orm:methanol(1:1 v/v) extracts were recorded on non target ***: Relative mortality rate of both larval mosquito species were recorded in the following sequences: Cuminum cyminum> Allium sativum>Zingiber offinale,Curcuma longa > Solanum tuberosum germinated tuber for crude extract,and efficacy of chlor of orm:methanol(1:1 v/v) extract were as follows:Curcuma longa > Zingiber offinale > Solanum tuberosum germinated tuber > Cuminum cyminum> Allium ***:Crude and chlor of orm:methanol(1:1 v/v) extract of Cuminum cyminum,Allium sativum,Zingiber offinale,Curcuma longa and Solanum tuberosum germinated tuber can be recommended effectively in mosquito control programmes at very low *** mortality and other abnormalities were noticed on non target organisms and further studies are needed to investigate the chemical structure of active principal which are responsible for larvicidal activity.

关键词： Mosquito larvicide Cuminum cyminum Allium sativum Zingiber offinale Curcuma longa Solanum tuberosum germinated tuber Anopheles stephensi Culex quinquefasciatus

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Observations on pathological and histochemical changes in piglet livers infected with Taenia saginata asiatica

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Frontiers of Medicine 2007年第3期1卷 258-263页

作者： LINGHU Yan ZHU Wujun BAO Huai’en CHEN Yan department of parasitology Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang 550004China

To study the pathological and histochemical characteristics of lesions in piglet livers infected with Taenia saginata asiatica(*** asiatica)throughout the different stages,piglets were fed with eggs of *** asiatica and raised in isolation in an animal center to establish the *** asiatica infection model with normal piglets as *** pathological changes in the piglet livers were observed after the infection using liver sections stained with hematoxylin and *** methods were used to check the changes in lipid,glycogen and protein content in the *** data collected by image analysis were analyzed statistically with Statistical Package for the Social *** results show that *** asiatica-exposed piglets were indeed *** reactions began on the fourth day and progressed *** cell hyperplasia,hepatic hydropic degeneration and ballooning degeneration were found in the 10th–20th days after *** central veins and hepatic sinusoids were dilated and *** necrosis occurred in some local liver *** the 40th–60th days,granulomatous reactions and mild hepatocirrhosis were the main *** the 70th–80th days,hepatocirrhosis and bile duct proliferation were observed in the *** the different stages,lipid drops were increased while glycogen and protein levels were decreased to some *** was a significant difference in metabolism between the infected group and the control group(P<0.01).It is concluded that pigs are the favorable intermediate host of *** asiatica and its infection can result in serious pathological and histochemical lesions in host organs.

关键词： Taenia saginata liver

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Immunological mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第33期28卷 4762-4772页

作者： Lucas F Soveral Gabriela G Korczaguin Pedro S Schmidt Isabel S Nunes Camilo Fernandes Carlos R Zarate-Blades Laboratory of Immunoregulation Department of MicrobiologyImmunologyand ParasitologyCenter for Dysbiosis ControlFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolis 88037-000Brazil Division of Infectious Diseases Hospital Nereu RamosFlorianopolis 88025-301Brazil

Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is a successful method for treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile(***)infection(rCDI)with around 90%*** to the relative simplicity of this approach,it is being widely used and currently,thousands of patients have been treated with FMT ***,the mechanisms underlying its effects are just beginning to be *** indicate that FMT effectiveness is due to a combination of microbiological direct mechanisms against ***,but also through indirect mechanisms including the production of microbiota-derived metabolites as secondary bile acids and short chain fatty ***,the modulation of the strong inflammatory response triggered by *** after FMT seems to rely on a pivotal role of regulatory T cells,which would be responsible for the reduction of several cells and soluble inflammatory mediators,ensuing normalization of the intestinal mucosal immune *** this minireview,we analyze recent advances in these immunological aspects associated with the efficacy of FMT.

关键词： Fecal microbiota transplantation Immunity Mechanism Dysbiosis Pseudomembranous colitis Clostridioides difficile

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Prevalence of malaria infection in Sarbaz,Sistan and Bluchistan province

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011年第6期1卷 491-492页

作者： Youssefi Mohammad Reza Rahimi Mohammad Taghi department of parasitology Islamic Azad University

Objective:To survey malaria prevalence in Sarbaz from April 2009 to October ***: Epidemiological data of 1 464 confirmed malarial patients were analyzed according to demographic status,sex,age,nationality,isolated species and residence ***:The majority of patients were male 930(64.8%) but 514(35.2%) were female.82.5%of patients were Iranian,14%Pakistani immigrants,and 3.5%Afghan *** collected showed that 90% of isolated species were Plasmodium vivax,7.8%Plasmodium falciparum,and 2.2%Plasmodium malariae and mixed ***:Therefore,it is crystal clear that refugees should be prohibited by government and controlled by experts in health centers in order to campaign effectively with this life threating disease.

关键词： Malaria Prevalence Sarbaz Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium falciparum

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