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molecular characterization of sandflies and Leishmania detection in main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Abarkouh district of Yazd province,Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第10期6卷 792-797页

作者： Jafari R Najafzadeh N Sedaghat MM Parvizi P National Institute of Health Research Isfahan Health Research Station molecular Systematic Laboratory Parasitology DepartmentPasteur Institute of Iran department of Microbiology Islamic Azad UniversityScience and Research Branch of Fars department of Medical entomology and Vector Control School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences

Ohjective:To assess molecular characterization,distribution,seasonal activities of sandfly species and Leishmania parasites infecting them for this zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis ***:The collections were carried out in 2009-2011 using CDC traps,Sticky Papers and manual aspirator in and around the villages in Abarkouh *** sandflies were characterized by PCR amplification and sequencing of fragments of their mitochondrial cytochrome b *** parasite infections within sandflies were performed by targeting Cyt b,ITS-rDNA,k-DNA and microsatellite ***:The PCR assays detected only Leishmania major(***).All infections(30)were found in the abundant and widespread vector Phlebolomus papalasi(***).Small numbers of other sandfly species were also screened for infections,but none was *** sinloni and *** were the predominant members in all locations of this district and in all habitats throughout the trapping *** five other sandfly species were found,namely Phlebolomus ansari,Phlebotomus caucasicus,Phlebotomus sergenti,Sergentomyia dentata and Sergentomyia ***:In the current survey,the only infections detected are of *** in females of ***(30 out of190).The rates of infection of *** by *** are not significantly different in compare with other locations in Iran with no diversity of parasite *** cutaneous leishmaniasis may have emerged only recently in Abarkouh district,and the reason may well be the instability of the transmission cycles there.

关键词： Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis Phlebotomus papatasi Leishmania major Sandfly Central Iran

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The mycobiota of discoloured needles of the Swiss stone pine(Pinus cembra L.) in the Tatra Mountains(Poland)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第12期15卷 2614-2621页

作者： Wojciech PUSZ Anna BATURO-CIESNIEWSKA Tomasz ZWIJACZ-KOZICA department of Plant Protection Diuision of Plant Pathology and MycologyWroclaw Uniuersity of Environmental and Life SciencesGrunwaldzki Sq.24aWroclaw50-363Poland department of Biology and Plant Protection Division of Molecular Phytopathology and MycologyUniuersity of Science and TechnologyKordeckiego Str.2085-225BydgoszczPoland Tatra National Park Kuznice 134-500ZakopanePoland

The Swiss stone Pine(Pinus cembra L.) is an alpine species, fairly commonly occurring in the Alps and the Carpathians, close to the timberline. Natural sites of the Swiss stone pine in Poland are found exclusively in the Tatra Mountains, within the area of the Tatra National Park(TNP). In 2017, the health status of the needles of P. cembra was determined and their mycological analysis was carried out. As a result, 11 species of fungi were isolated from the needles showing disease symptoms, manifested by various shades of discoloration. The most frequently observed species was Fusarium oxysporum. It probably does not bring on disease symptoms, but may affect the development of other frequently isolated species(such as Sydowia polyspora, Lophodermium sp. and Lophodermium conigenum) that are pathogenic to Pinus spp.

关键词： Pathogenic fungi Swiss stone pine Tatra National Park plant pathology Healthiness status of pine

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Evaluation of Antiplasmodial Effect of Methanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Eucalyptus camadulensis (Denhn) in Albino Wistar Mice

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第6期14卷 662-676页

作者： Amarachi Akachukwu Moses Ikegbunam Emmanuel Enyi Theresa Osarunwese Ifeyinwa Onochie-Igbinedion Harrison Abone Dorothy Ezeagwuna Joy Nnanna Chibueze Ihekwereme Chukwuemeka Nworu department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria molecular Research Foundation for Students and Scientists Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria department of Parasitology and entomology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

Nigeria is one of the malaria-endemic countries, where the treatment of malaria has relied heavily on natural and traditional medicines. This study was designed to investigate and ascertain the preference of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in treating malaria using three standard models among local herbalists. Extraction was carried out on the leaves of Eucalyptus camadulensis using methanol. The methanol crude extract and other solvent fractions obtained were used for analysis. An acute toxicity test (LD50) was carried out using Lorke’s Method. The extract and its fractions were screened for phytochemical constituents using standard procedures. Different doses of the methanol crude extract (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg) and other solvent fractions (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) were assessed for their antiplasmodial property using the Suppressive, Curative, and Prophylactic models on different days. One hundred and eighty grams (18% w/w) of the extract were recovered from 1000 g of powdered leaves. The weight of fractions and their yields calculated from 50 g crude extract are n-hexane fraction (3.45 g, 6.9%), ethylacetate fraction (11.65 g, 23.3%), and butanol (7.84 g, 15.68%). The result of the acute toxicity test showed that the lethal dose of the plant was above 5000 mg/kg. For the crude extract, the 1000 mg/kg dose had the highest percentage of parasitemia suppression of 97.3%, 95.30%, and 75.97% in the curative, suppressive, and prophylactic models, respectively. The fractions exhibited a significant chemosuppressive effect when compared with the negative control, with the butanol fraction (500 mg/kg) showing a higher percentage suppression. The findings in this study justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine for the management of malaria fever and tally with its folkloric use. However, more research is needed to establish the functions of the constituents in relation to antiplasmodial activity.

关键词： Eucalyptus camadulensis Antiplasmodial

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Alternative splicing of a carboxyl/choline esterase gene enhances the fenpropathrin tolerance of Tetranychus cinnabarinus

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Insect Science 2023年第5期30卷 1255-1266页

作者： Peng Wei Xinying Zeng Haonan Han Yiqing Yang Youjun Zhang Lin He Key Laboratory of entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina Academy of Agricultural Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqingChina National Citrus Engineering Research Center Southwest UniversityChongqingChina department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina

Detoxification plays a crucial role in agricultural pests to withstand pesticides,and cytochrome P450s,carboxyl/choline esterases(CCEs),and glutathione-S-transferases are the main proteins responsible for their detoxification *** activity of CCEs can be upregulated,downregulated,or modified by ***,few studies have examined the role of alternative splicing in altering the properties of *** identified 2 variants of TcCCE23 in Tetranychus cinnabarinus:a long version(CCE23-V1)and a short version that is 18 nucleotides shorter than CCE23-V1(CCE23-V2).Whether splicing affects the activity of TcCCE23 remains *** of CCE23-V2 in fenpropathrin-resistant *** revealed that splicing affected the detoxification of fenpropathrin by *** mortality of mites was significantly higher when the expression of CCE23-V2 was knocked down(43.2%±3.3%)via injection of CCE23-dsRNA(double-stranded RNA)compared with the control group injected with green fluorescent protein-dsRNA under fenpropathrin exposure;however,the downregulation of CCE23-V1(61.3%±6.3%)by CCE23-small interfering RNA had no such effect,indicating CCE23-V2 plays a greater role in xenobiotic metabolism than *** tolerance of flies overexpressing CCE23-V2 to fenpropathrin(50%lethal dose[LD_(50)]=19.47μg/g)was significantly higher than that of Gal4/UAS-CCE23-V1 transgenic flies(LD_(50)=13.11μg/g).molecular docking analysis showed that splicing opened a“gate”that enlarges the substrate binding cavity of CCE23-V2,might enhance the ability of CCE23-V2 to harbor fenpropathrin *** findings suggest that splicing might enhance the detoxifying capability of ***,our data improve the understanding of the diversity and complexity of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CCEs.

关键词： alternative splicing carboxyl/choline esterase(CCE) detoxification function pyrethroid pests

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Genes encoding a group of related small secreted proteins from the gut of Hessian fly larvae [Mayetiola destructor （Say）]

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Insect Science 2006年第5期13卷 339-348页

作者： MING-SHUN CHEN XIANG LIU YU-CHENG ZHU JOHN C. REESE GERALD E. W ILDE USDA-ARS Plant Science and Entomology Research UnitUSA department of entomology Kansas State University Manhattan KansasUSA USDA-ARS-JWDSRC Stoneville Minnesota USA

A group of related genes has been isolated and characterized from the gut of Hessian fly larvae [Mayetiola destructor （Say）]. Members in this group appear to encode proteins with secretary signal peptides at the N-terminals. The mature putative proteins are small, acidic proteins with calculated molecular masses of 14.5 to 15.3 kDa, and isoelectric points from 4.56 to 4.88. Northern blot analysis revealed that these genes are expressed predominantly in the gut of Hessian fly larvae and pupae. Two related genes, GIOK1 and GIOK2, were isolated as tandem repeats. Both genes contain three exons and two introns. The intron/exon boundaries were conserved in terms of amino acid encoding, suggesting that they arose by gene duplication. The fact that the frequency of this group of clones in a gut cDNA library higher than that of total cDNA clones encoding digestive enzymes suggested that this group of proteins may perform an important function in the gut physiology of this insect. However, the exact functions of these proteins are as yet known since no sequence similarity could be identified between these proteins and any known sequences in public databases using standard methods.

关键词： Hessian fly gut Mayetiola destructor secreted protein wheat

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Elucidation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome in Western Corn Rootworm Reveals Its Dynamic and Evolutionary Complexity

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021年第5期19卷 800-814页

作者： Xiaozeng Yang Elane Fishilevich Marcelo A.German Premchand Gandra Robert E.McEwan André Billion Eileen Knorr Andreas Vilcinskas Kenneth E.Narva Beijing Agro-biotechnology Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Corteva Agriscience Agriculture Division of DowDuPontIndianapolisIN 46268USA University of Nebraska-Lincoln Department of EntomologyLincolnNE 68583USA Fraunhofer Institute for molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Department of BioresourcesGiessen 35394Germany

Diabrotica virgifera virgifera(western corn rootworm,WCR)is one of the most destructive agricultural insect pests in North *** is highly adaptive to environmental stimuli and crop protection ***,little is known about the underlying genetic basis of WCR behavior and *** specifically,the involvement of small RNAs(s RNAs),especially micro RNAs(mi RNAs),a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate various biological processes,has not been examined,and the datasets of putative s RNA sequences have not previously been generated for *** achieve a comprehensive collection of s RNA transcriptomes in WCR,we constructed,sequenced,and analyzed s RNA libraries from different life stages of WCR and northern corn rootworm(NCR),and identified 101 conserved precursor mi RNAs(pre-mi RNAs)in WCR and other *** also identified 277 corn rootworm specific pre-mi *** analyses of s RNA populations in WCR revealed that its s RNA transcriptome,which includes PIWI-interacting RNAs(pi RNAs)and mi RNAs,undergoes a dynamic change throughout insect *** analysis of mi RNA datasets from model species reveals that a large pool of species-specific mi RNAs exists in corn rootworm;these are potentially evolutionarily *** of WCR mi RNA clusters to other insect species highlight conserved mi RNA-regulated processes that are common to *** Analysis of RNA Ends(PARE)also uncovered potential mi RNA-guided cleavage sites in ***,this study provides a new resource for studying the s RNA transcriptome and mi RNA-mediated gene regulation in WCR and other Coleopteran insects.

关键词： Western corn rootworm Small RNA MicroRNA Parallel Analysis of RNA Ends PIWI-interacting RNA

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molecular characterization,spatial-temporal expression and magnetic response patterns of iron-sulfur cluster assembly1(IscA1)in the rice planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens

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Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 413-423页

作者： Jing-Jing Xu Ying-Chao Zhang Jian-Qi Wu Wei-Hong Wang Yue Li Gui-Jun Wan Fa-Jun Chen Gregory A. Sword Wei-Dong Pan Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics Institute of Electrical EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina department of entomology College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina department of entomology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA

The mechanisms of magnetoreception have been proposed as the magnetitebased, the chemical radical-pair and biocompass model, in which magnetite particles, the cryptochrome (Cry) or iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1 (IscA1) may be involved. However, little is known about the association among the molecules. Here we investigated the molecular characterization and the mRNA expression of IscA1 in different developmental stages, tissues and magnetic fields in the migratory brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. NlIscA1 contains an open reading frame of 390 bp, encoding amino acids of 129, with the predicted molecular weight of 14.0 kDa and the isoelectric point of 9.10. Well-conserved Fe-S cluster binding sites were observed in the predicted protein. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated NlIscA1 to be clustered into the insect's IscA1. NlIscA1 showed up-regulated mRNA expression during the period of migration. The mRNA expression of NlIscA1 could be detected in all the three tissues of head, thorax and abdomen, with the highest expression level in the abdomen. For the macropterous migratory Nilaparvata lugens, mRNA expression of NlIscA1 and N. lugens cryptochromel (Nlcry1) were up-regulated under the magnetic fields of 5 Gauss and 10 Gauss in strength (vs. local geomagnetic field), while N. lugens cryptochrome 2 (Nlcry2) remained stable. For the brachyterous non-migratory Nilaparvata lugens, no significant changes were found in mRNA expression of NlIscA1, Nlcry1 and Nlcry2 among different magnetic fields. These findings preliminarily reveal that the expression of NlIscA1 and Nlcry1 exhibited coordinated responses to the magnetic field. It suggests some potential associations among the putative magneto-sensitive molecules of cryptochrome and iron-sulfur cluster assembly.

关键词： cryptochrome iron-sulfur cluster assemblyl magnetic field migratory Nilaparvata lugens

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molecular detection of Leishmania isolated from Cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Jask County,Hormozgan Province,Southern Iran,2008

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第7期5卷 514-517页

作者： Koroush Azizi Aboozar Soltani Hamzeh Alipour department of Medical entomology Schools of Health and NutritionShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Deparment of Medical entomology and Vector Control School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Objective:To investigate on patients leishmanial infections in Jask ***: Impression smears were prepared from patients in 2008,all,were chequed for leishmanial infection by microscopy and molecular *** *** was extracted using Proteinase K and Phenol/Chloroform/Isoamyl alcohol *** variable segment on minicircles of kineloplasl DIVA was amplified via a Nested-PCR technique using species-specific primers(LIN R4-LIN 17 -Lin 19).Results:A total of 40 smears were prepared from 20 patients,from which,eight samples (40%) were positive for leishman body by microscopic method,while,18 samples(90%) were positive,*** parasite was identified as Leishmania major(L major).Conclusions: Zoonotic or Rural cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Jask County whose pathogen is L *** assays using specific primers are very accurate and more sensitive and specific than microscopy which is time consuming and needs master mieroscopists.

关键词： Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Leishmania major Nested PCR Jask Iran

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Pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes

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Insect Science 2006年第3期13卷 159-166页

作者： NANNAN LIU QIANG XU FANG ZHU LEE ZHANG department of entomology and Plant Pathology Genomics and Sequencing Laboratory Auburn University AuburnAlabama USA

Repeated blood feedings throughout their life span have made mosquitoes ideal transmitters of a wide variety of disease agents. Vector control is a very important part of the current global strategy for the control of mosquito-associated diseases and insecticide application is the most important component in this effort. Pyrethroids, which account for 25% of the world insecticide market, are currently the most widely used insecticides for the indoor control of mosquitoes and are the only chemical recommended for the treatment of mosquito nets, the main tool for preventing malaria in Africa. However, mosquito-borne diseases are now resurgent, largely because of insecticide resistance that has developed in mosquito vectors and the anti-parasite drug resistance of parasites. This paper reviews our current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms governing metabolic detoxification and the development of target site insensitivity that leads to pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes.

关键词： mosquitoes pyrethroids resistance

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Synergists action of piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate on toxicity of carbamate insecticides against Blattella germanica

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第10期10卷 981-986页

作者： Alireza Sanei Dehkordi Yaser Salim Abadi Hasan Nasirian Teymour Hazratian Mohammad Amin Gorouhi Saideh Yousefi Azim Paksa department of Medical entomology and Vector Control Faculty of Health Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center Hormozgan Health Institute Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences department of Health Services and Health Promotion School of Health Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences molecular Medicine Research Center Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences department of Medical entomology and Vector Control School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences department of Medical entomology and Vector Control School of Health Kerman University of Medical Sciences Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences department of Parasitology School of Medicine Kashan University of Medical Sciences

Objective: To determine the synergists action of piperonyl butoxide(PBO) and S,S,Stributyl phosphorotrithioate(DEF) on toxicity of carbamate insecticides against Blattella germanica in Tehran ***: In the current study, German cockroach strains were collected from several hospitals and dormitories in *** the beginning, different concentrations of bendiocarb and carbaryl(insecticides belong to carbamate group) were determined by surface contact on a susceptible ***, the level of susceptibility and type of resistance mechanisms in the collected strains from contaminated sites to the aforementioned insecticides were studied by using PBO and DEF synergists with different insecticide ratios to synergist(1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3).Results: The DEF synergist along with bendiocarb and carbaryl completely eliminated the resistance in all strains but PBO did not completely eliminate the resistance in the strains of Mofid, Alvand, Valiasr hospitals and Shariati ***, the impact of DEF was observed in the removing resistance more than ***: In most of these strains, resistance to bendiocarb and carbaryl is completely eliminated by DEF, showing a very high role of estraze enzymes in resistance to bendiocarb and *** in most strains PBO does not remove the resistance because other mechanisms, such as reduced cuticle penetration and insensitivity to the acetylcholine esterase enzyme, may be involved.

关键词： Blattella germanica 信仰神人协力合作说者 Bendiocarb 酉维因

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