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Effect of saline water ionic strength on phosphorus recovery from synthetic swine wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 81-91页

作者： Zhipeng Zhang Bing Li Filicia Wicaksana Wei Yu Brent Young department of chemical&materials engineering University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand

Declining worldwide phosphate rock reserves has driven a growing interest in exploration of alternative phosphate supplies. This study involved phosphorus recovery from swine wastewater through precipitation of struvite, a valuable slow-release fertiliser. The economic feasibility of this process is highly dependent on the cost of magnesium source. Two different magnesium sources were used for phosphorus recovery: pure magnesium chloride and nanofiltration(NF) saline water retentate. The paper focuses on the impact of ionic strength on phosphorus recovery performance that has not been reported elsewhere. Experimental design with five numerical variables(Mg/P molar ratio, pH, PO_(4)^(3-)-P, NH_(4)^(+)-N, and Ca^(2+) levels) and one categorical variable(type of magnesium source) was used to evaluate the effect of ionic strength on phosphorus removal and struvite purity. The experimental data were analysed using analysis of variance(ANOVA) and principal component analysis(PCA). Results indicated that a magnesium source obtained from NF retentate was as effective as MgCl_(2) for struvite precipitation. It was also revealed that ionic strength had a more positive effect on struvite purity than on phosphorus removal. Within the range of parameters studied in this research, high ionic strength, high p H and wastewater with high phosphate, high ammonium and low calcium contents were found to be the most favourable conditions for struvite precipitation. Findings from this study will be beneficial to determine the feasibility of using high ionic strength saline water, such as NF seawater retentate, as a magnesium source for phosphorus recovery from wastewater that is rich in ammoniumnitrogen and phosphate.

关键词： Phosphorus recovery Struvite Ionic strength Wastewater Nanofiltration retentate

Building momentum for sustainable behaviors in developing regions using Locally Managed Decentralized Circular Economy principles

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Chinese Journal of chemical engineering 2019年第7期27卷 1566-1571页

作者： Chandni Joshi Jeffrey Seay Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Kentucky

Despite the current threat from climate change,plastic collecting in the world's oceans,and the steady loss of biodiversity,the world continually fails to take action with regard to our rapidly changing ecosystem.Unfortunately,waiting on governments to act is no longer a viable option.Rapid change is needed and the pace of diplomacy is simply too slow.Democratic governments are reactionary and taking action to solve future problems is not a priority,even as the threat of potential ecological catastrophe draws ever closer.Change is in the hands of individuals,and it is our decisions and behaviors that will influence the future of our planet and our ability to inhabit it.Therefore,building momentum for sustainable behavior must begin with individuals.The neoliberal approach to environmental protection posits that individuals are motivated by rational self-interest,and that economic incentives are necessary to achieve environmental goals.However,recent research suggests that monetary gain alone actually negatively impacts behavior,and often neglects the rural poor.As a result,models for projects designed to benefit the environment need more than just a monetary incentive,they must incorporate all three pillars of sustainability:environment,economy and society.One approach for building momentum for sustainable behavior with regard to municipal solid waste management,particularly in the developing world,is by implementing Locally Managed Decentralized Circular Economy(LMDCE)principles.This contribution will describe the role behavioral economics plays in the choices made by producers and consumers.The results of a case study on applying LMDCE principles in Uganda to manage waste plastic accumulation by conversion to fuel oil will be presented.

关键词： Pyrolysis Fuel Pollution Appropriate technology Behavioral economics Municipal solid waste

Composites with high omnidirectional fracture toughness due to helical interlocking fasteners are found in gingko seed shells

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National Science Review 2023年第5期10卷 106-108页

作者： Nicholas A.Kotov department of chemical engineering Biointerfaces InstituteDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Michigan department of Aeronautics Imperial College London

engineering of composites mimicking load-bearing materials from living organisms is essential for sustainable economic development and successful resolution of current and future bottle-necks of chemical,automotive,av... 详细信息

关键词： POLYELECTROLYTE COMPOSITES

Preparation of N-doped porous carbons via high internal phase emulsion template

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Progress in Natural Science:materials International 2021年第2期31卷 270-278页

作者： Yulai Zhao Zhikui Zhao Zhongzheng Zhu Anjun Wang Linxi Hou department of materials-Oriented chemical engineering College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University

Heteroatom doped porous carbon materials have great application prospects in supercapacitors. In the present study, an approach of preparing N-doped porous carbon（NPC） was proposed from porous poly（resorcinolformaldehyde-melamine） monoliths which were prepared by high internal phase emulsion（HIPE） template.Melamine was dissolved in the external phase and copolymerized, acting as the N source and porous structure regulator to provide micropore-dominant NPCs. The structure, morphology, specific surface area（SSA）, and chemical composition of the samples were systematically studied. With melamine content increasing, N-doping content in NPC increased while the SSA of NPC increased at first and then decreased. When the content of N is 8.42 wt%, the obtained NPC showed the highest SSA of about 1670 m;g;. Furthermore, high N doping content could improve the electronic conductivity and provide additional pseudocapacitance of NPC. Under the combined influences of proper N content and high porosity, the prepared NPC electrodes revealed excellent specific capacitance(228.0 Fg;at 1.0 A g;, favorable circling stability, and prominent rate capability in a threeelectrode system with 6 M KOH solution as the electrolyte.

关键词： High internal phase emulsion N-doped porous carbon Melamine Supercapacitor

A review on the development of electrolytes for lithiumbased batteries for low temperature applications

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能源前沿:英文版 2023年第1期17卷 43-71页

作者： Jason A.MENNEL Dev CHIDAMBARAM Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Nevada−RenoRenoNV 89557USA Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Nevada Institute for Sustainability University of Nevada−RenoRenoNV 89557USA

The aerospace industry relies heavily on lithium-ion batteries in instrumentation such as satellites and land rovers.This equipment is exposed to extremely low temperatures in space or on the Martian surface.The extremely low temperatures affect the discharge characteristics of the battery and decrease its available working capacity.Various solvents,cosolvents,additives,and salts have been researched to fine tune the conductivity,solvation,and solid-electrolyte interface forming properties of the electrolytes.Several different resistive phenomena have been investigated to precisely determine the most limiting steps during charge and discharge at low temperatures.Longer mission lifespans as well as self-reliance on the chemistry are now highly desirable to allow low temperature performance rather than rely on external heating components.As Martian rovers are equipped with greater instrumentation and demands for greater energy storage rise,new materials also need to be adopted involving next generation lithiumion chemistry to increase available capacity.With these objectives in mind,tailoring of the electrolyte with highercapacity materials such as lithium metal and silicon anodes at low temperatures is of high priority.This review paper highlights the progression of electrolyte research for low temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries over the previous several decades.

关键词： electrolyte lithium-ion low temperature aerospace solid-electrolyte interface

Performance Assessment of Low-Temperature A-CAES(Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage)Plants

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1279-1292页

作者： TOLA Vittorio MARCELLO Francesca Carolina COCCO Daniele CAU Giorgio department of Mechanical Chemical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Cagliari09123 CagliariItaly

The widespread diffusion of renewable energy sources calls for the development of high-capacity energy storage systems as the A-CAES(Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage)systems.In this framework,low temperature(100℃–200℃)A-CAES(LT-ACAES)systems can assume a key role,avoiding some critical issues connected to the operation of high temperature ones.In this paper,two different LT-ACAES configurations are proposed.The two configurations are characterized by the same turbomachines and compressed air storage section,while differ in the TES section and its integration with the turbomachinery.In particular,the first configuration includes two separated cycles:the working fluid(air)cycle and the heat transfer fluid(HTF)cycle.Several heat exchangers connect the two cycles allowing to recover thermal energy from the compressors and to heat the compressed air at the turbine inlet.Two different HTFs were considered:air(case A)and thermal oil(case B).The second configuration is composed of only one cycle,where the operating fluid and the HTF are the same(air)and the TES section is composed of three different packed-bed thermal storage tanks(case C).The tanks directly recover the heat from the compressors and heat the air at each turbine inlet,avoiding the use of heat exchangers.The LT-ACAES systems were modelled and simulated using the ASPEN-Plus and the MATLAB-Simulink environments.The main aim of this study was the detailed analysis of the reciprocal influence between the turbomachinery and the TES system;furthermore,the performance evaluation of each plant was carried out assuming both on-design and off-design operating conditions.Finally,the different configurations were compared through the main performance parameters,such as the round-trip efficiency.A total power output of around 10 MW was set,leading to a TES tank volume ranging between 500 and 700 m^(3).The second configuration with three TES systems appears to be the most promising in terms of round-trip efficiency since the energy produced during the discharging

关键词： compressed air energy storage low temperature A-CAES Thermal Energy Storage system integration

Active Machine Learning for chemical Engineers:A Bright Future Lies Ahead!

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engineering 2023年第8期27卷 23-30页

作者： Yannick Ureel Maarten R.Dobbelaere Yi Ouyang Kevin De Ras Maarten K.Sabbe Guy B.Marin Kevin M.Van Geem Laboratory for chemical Technology Department of MaterialsTextiles and Chemical EngineeringGhent UniversityGhent 9052Belgium

By combining machine learning with the design of experiments,thereby achieving so-called active machine learning,more efficient and cheaper research can be conducted.Machine learning algorithms are more flexible and are better than traditional design of experiment algorithms at investigating processes spanning all length scales of chemical engineering.While active machine learning algorithms are maturing,their applications are falling behind.In this article,three types of challenges presented by active machine learning—namely,convincing the experimental researcher,the flexibility of data creation,and the robustness of active machine learning algorithms—are identified,and ways to overcome them are discussed.A bright future lies ahead for active machine learning in chemical engineering,thanks to increasing automation and more efficient algorithms that can drive novel discoveries.

关键词： Active machine learning Active learning Bayesian optimization chemical engineering Design of experiments

Effect of NiO-NiCr2O4 nano-oxides on the microstructural,mechanical and corrosion properties of Ni-coated carbon steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and materials 2023年第6期30卷 1078-1092页

作者： Saeed Mojallal Hurieh Mohammadzadeh Abbas Aghaeinejad-Meybodi Robabeh Jafari materials engineering department Faculty of EngineeringUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran chemical engineering department Faculty of EngineeringUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran

Pure Ni and its composites with different percentages of Ni-Cr nano-oxides were coated over carbon steel to assess the coating features and mechanical and corrosion behavior.A nano-oxide composite of Ni-Cr was first synthesized through chemical coprecipitation with uniform distribution constituents.Electrodeposition was employed to coat pure Ni and Ni-(Ni-Cr)oxides(10,20,30,40,and 50 g/L)on the steel sheets.Transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope were adopted to examine the microstructure of powders and coatings,and X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to study the chemical composition.The microhardness,thickness,and wear resistance of the coatings were assessed,polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)tests were conducted to analyze the corrosion behavior,and the corresponding equivalent circuit was developed.Results showed flawless and crack-free coatings for all samples and uniform distribution of nano-oxides in the Ni matrix for the samples of 10-30 g/L.Agglomerated oxides were detected at high concentrations.Maximum microhardness(HV 661),thickness(116μm),and wear resistance of coatings were found at 30 g/L.A three-loop equivalent circuit corresponded satisfactorily to all EIS data.The corrosion resistance increased with the nano-oxide concentration of up to 30 g/L but decreased at 40 g/L.The sample of 50 g/L showed the best corrosion resistance.

关键词： nanocomposite powder electroplating coating corrosion resistance electrochemical impedance spectroscopy wear resistance

纳升液滴流微反应器用于连续规模化制备无机钙钛矿纳米晶体

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Science China materials 2022年第10期65卷 2746-2754页

作者：耿宇昊郭佳壮凌斯达吴兴江刘恒源陈卓陈苏徐建鸿 The State Key Laboratory of chemical engineering Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of materials-Oriented chemical engineering College of chemical engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China

铅卤钙钛矿纳米晶具有高光致发光量子产率、窄半峰宽和广发光色域的优势,是众多领域中的理想光电材料.但釜式制备方法无法实现规模化制备,限制了钙钛矿纳米晶的市场化应用.本文设计了一种液滴流微反应器,为大规模合成高量子产率的钙钛... 详细信息

铅卤钙钛矿纳米晶具有高光致发光量子产率、窄半峰宽和广发光色域的优势,是众多领域中的理想光电材料.但釜式制备方法无法实现规模化制备,限制了钙钛矿纳米晶的市场化应用.本文设计了一种液滴流微反应器,为大规模合成高量子产率的钙钛矿纳米晶提供了新方法.该装置可精确控制纳米晶在130 nL液滴内的生长过程.与其他合成方法相比,可以将前驱体浓度提高到文献水平的3–116倍,将配体与反应物比例降低到热注入法的2%–50%.通过改变反应温度和停留时间,探究了纳米晶形貌和光致发光性质之间的构效关系.此外,通过在线调整PbX2比例,可实现单次反应内制备全可见光谱(406–677 nm)发光的纳米晶.

关键词：微反应器热注入法纳米晶体前驱体浓度钙钛矿光致发光光电材料可见光谱