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The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair

Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1131-1137页

作者： Giuseppe Cappellano Domizia Vecchio Luca Magistrelli Nausicaa Clemente Davide Raineri Camilla Barbero Mazzucca Eleonora Virgilio Umberto Dianzani Annalisa Chiocchetti Cristoforo Comi department of Health Sciences Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases(IRCAD)University of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly Center for Translational Research on autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD University of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly department of Translational Medicine Neurology UnitInterdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases(IRCAD)University of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities University of InsubriaVareseItaly

Osteopontin is a broadly expressed pleiotropic protein,and is attracting increased attention because of its role in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory,degenerative,autoimmune,and oncologic *** fact,in the last decade,several studies have shown that osteopontin contributes to tissue damage not only by recruiting harmful inflammatory cells to the site of lesion,but also increasing their *** detrimental role of osteopontin has been indeed well documented in the context of different neurological conditions(i.e.,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s,and Alzheimer’s diseases).Intriguingly,recent findings show that osteopontin is involved not only in promoting tissue damage(the Yin),but also in repair/regenerative mechanisms(the Yang),mostly triggered by the inflammatory *** two apparently discordant roles are partly related to the presence of different functional domains in the osteopontin molecule,which are exposed after thrombin or metalloproteases *** functional domains may in turn activate intracellular signaling pathways and mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix *** review describes the current knowledge on the Yin and Yang features of osteopontin in nervous system *** the mechanisms behind the Yin/Yang would be relevant to develop highly specific tools targeting this multifunctional protein.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease cytokine immunity microglia multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation neuroprotection neurotoxicity Parkinson’s disease Spp1 stroke

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Explosion of autoimmune diseases and the mosaic of old and novel factors

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 189-192页

作者： Nancy Agmon-Levin Zhexiong Lian Yehuda Shoenfeld The Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases and department of Medicine B Sheba Medical CenterTel-HashomerIsrael Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kip Chair for Research of autoimmune diseases Tel-Aviv University

In recent decades,an enormous effort has been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of autoimmune and autoinflammatory *** is a multifactorial process in which genetic,immunological,environmental and hormonal factors play in concert,together representing what was termed years ago the‘mosaic of autoimmunity’.To date,more than 80 systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases have been defined,and their cumulative burden is substantial,both medically and ***,the burden of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases is rising,making these diseases a ubiquitous global phenomenon that is predicted to further increase in the coming *** this issue of the journal,additional aspects of autoimmunity are *** dysregulation and loss of self-tolerance are the cornerstones of autoimmunity.

关键词： ASIA autoimmunity vaccines silicone Golf war syndrome

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The paradox role of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in NAFLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第5期10卷 705-707页

作者： Emanuele Albano Salvatore Sutti department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Centre for autoimmune diseases University of Eastern PiedmontNovaraItaly

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is already the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in several countries(1).Despite the incidence of NAFLD-related HCC is still lower than that of HCCs associated to viral infections,its prevalence is expected to increase in the next years concomitantly with the growing diffusion of overweight and obesity(1).Current view sees chronic hepatic inflammation as the driving force in the evolution of NAFLD to liver fibrosis/cirrhosis as well as in the development of *** this setting,available evidence indicates that beside innate immunity also adaptive immune responses play an important role in supporting hepatic inflammation(2).

关键词： NAFLD inflammation hepatocellular

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Vaccine-induced autoimmunity: the role of molecular mimicry and immune crossreaction

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第6期15卷 586-594页

作者： Yahel Segal Yehuda Shoenfeld department of Medicine B Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune DiseasesSheba Medical CenterTel-Hashomeraffiliated with the Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityRamat Gan 52621Israel Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of autoimmune diseases Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityRamat GanIsrael

Since the early 1800s vaccines have saved numerous lives by preventing lethal ***,during the past two decades,there has been growing awareness of possible adverse events associated with vaccinations,cultivating heated debates and leading to significant fluctuations in vaccination *** is therefore pertinent for the scientific community to seriously address public concern of adverse effects of vaccines to regain public trust in these important medical *** adverse reactions to vaccines may be viewed as a result of the interaction between susceptibility of the vaccinated subject and various vaccine *** the implicated mechanisms for these reactions is molecular *** mimicry refers to a significant similarity between certain pathogenic elements contained in the vaccine and specific human *** similarity may lead to immune crossreactivity,wherein the reaction of the immune system towards the pathogenic antigens may harm the similar human proteins,essentially causing autoimmune *** this review,we address the concept of molecular mimicry and its application in explaining post vaccination autoimmune *** further review the principal examples of the influenza,hepatitis B,and human papilloma virus vaccines,all suspected to induce autoimmunity via molecular ***,we refer to possible implications on the potential future development of better,safer vaccines.

关键词： autoimmunity Guillain-Barre syndrome human papilloma virus influenza molecular mimicry narcolepsy systemic lupus erythematosus vaccines

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Thymoma and autoimmunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 199-202页

作者： Shahar Shelly Nancy Agmon-Levin Arie Altman Yehuda Shoenfeld The Zabludovicz Center for autoimmune diseases Sheba Medical CenterTel-Hashomeraffiliated with Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityIsrael department of Medicine‘B’ Sheba Medical CenterTel-HashomerIsrael Sackler Faculty of Medicine Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kip Chair for Research of Zabludowitz Center for Autoimmune DiseasesTel-Aviv UniversityTel-AvivIsrael

The thymus is a central lymphatic organ that is responsible for many immunological functions,including the production of mature,functional T cells and the induction of *** or malignant tumors may originate from the thymus gland,with thymoma being the most common and accounting for 50% of anterior mediastinal *** linked to thymoma include the loss of self-tolerance and the presence of *** this review,we compiled the current scientific evidence detailing the various interactions between thymoma and autoimmune diseases,including myasthenia gravis,systemic lupus erythematosus,inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion,pure red cell aplasia,pernicious anemia,pemphigus and autoimmune thyroid *** recent years,several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these *** are based on the assumption that the‘sick’thymus,like the‘normal’thymus,can generate mature T cells;however,the T cells generated by the sick thymus are impaired and thus may exert cellular ***,we present several theories that may shed light on the loss of self-tolerance associated with this epithelial tumor of the thymus.

关键词： autoimmune diseases autoimmunity self-tolerance thymoma thymus

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Acute mesenteric ischemia and small bowel imaging findings in COVID-19:A comprehensive review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第7期13卷 702-716页

作者： Lorena Pirola Andrea Palermo Giacomo Mulinacci Laura Ratti Maria Fichera Pietro Invernizzi Chiara Viganò Sara Massironi Division of Gastroenterology and Center for autoimmune Liver diseases Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano-BicoccaMonza 20900Italy European Reference Network on Hepatological diseases San Gerardo HospitalMonza 20900Italy

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),an infectious condition caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2),has rapidly spread worldwide since its first description in Wuhan in December *** though respiratory manifestations are the most prevalent and responsible for disease morbidity and mortality,extrapulmonary involvement has progressively gained *** particular,gastrointestinal(GI)signs and symptoms,reported in up to two-thirds of patients with COVID-19,might represent the first and,in some cases,the only disease *** presence has been associated in some studies with an increased risk of a severe disease *** pathogenic mechanisms explaining GI tract involvement are either direct viral access to intestinal cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 or indirect damage of the intestinal wall through mesenteric ischemia induced by the hypercoagulable state associated with COVID-19 *** not typical of SARS-Co V-2 infection,several small bowel manifestations have been described in infected patients who underwent any form of abdominal *** radiological findings were mainly reported in patients with abdominal symptoms,among which abdominal pain was the most *** To discuss small bowel radiological manifestations of SARS-Co V-2 infection in abdominal imaging *** Bibliographical searches were performed in Pub Med,using the following keywords:"COVID-19"AND"imaging"AND"gastrointestinal"OR"abdominal"OR"small bowel".RESULTS Of 62 patients with described radiologic small bowel alterations,mesenteric ischemia was diagnosed in 31 cases(50%),small bowel wall thickening in 10 cases(16%),pneumatosis in nine cases(15%),intussusception in eight cases(13%),pneumoperitoneum in two cases(3%)and paralytic ileus in two cases(3%).We also reported mesenteric adipose tissue hypertrophy and lymph nodes enlargement in a young *** So far it is difficult to establish whether

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Radiology Small intestine Abdomen

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In vitro-derived insulin-producing cells modulate Th1 immune responses and induce IL-10 in streptozotocin-induced mouse model of pancreatic insulitis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2021年第4期20卷 376-382页

作者： Gholamreza Daryabor Esmaeil Hashemi Shiri Zahra Amirghofran Eskandar Kamali-Sarvestani autoimmune diseases Research Center Medical SchoolShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz 71345-1798Iran department of Immunology Medical SchoolShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz 71345-1798Iran

Background: Insulitis is defined by the presence of immune cells infiltrating in the pancreatic islets that might progress into the complete β-cell loss. The immunomodulatory properties of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BM-MSCs) have attracted much attention. This study aimed to evaluate the possible immunomodulatory effects of rat BM-MSCs and MSCs-derived insulin-producing cells(IPCs) in a mouse model of pancreatic insulitis. Methods: Insulitis was induced in BALB/c mice using five consecuti ve doses of streptozotocin. MSCs or IPCs were directly injected into the pancreas of mice and their effects on the expression of Th subsetsrelated genes were evaluated. Results: Both BM-MSCs and IPCs significantly reduced the expression of pancreatic Th1-related IFN-γ( P autoimmune diabetes might be a better option to reduce inflammation but these results need to be verified by further experiments.

关键词： Immunomodulation Insulitis Insulin-producing cells Mesenchymal stem cells Streptozotocin Th1 cell

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Advancements in Barrett's esophagus detection:The role of artificial intelligence and its implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1494-1496页

作者： Sara Massironi Division of Gastroenterology and Center for autoimmune Liver diseases Department of Medicine and SurgeryFondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei TintoriUniversity of Milano-BicoccaMonza 20900Italy

Artificial intelligence(AI)is making significant strides in revolutionizing the detection of Barrett's esophagus(BE),a precursor to esophageal *** the research article by Tsai et al,researchers utilized endoscopic images to train an AI model,challenging the traditional distinction between endoscopic and histological *** approach yielded remarkable results,with the AI system achieving an accuracy of 94.37%,sensitivity of 94.29%,and specificity of 94.44%.The study's extensive dataset enhances the AI model's practicality,offering valuable support to endoscopists by minimizing unnecessary ***,questions about the applicability to different endoscopic systems *** study underscores the potential of AI in BE detection while highlighting the need for further research to assess its adaptability to diverse clinical settings.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Artificial intelligence Endoscopic images Artificial intelligence model Early cancer detection Endoscopy

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Insights into the protective role of immunity in neurodegenerative disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第1期12卷 64-65页

作者： Cristoforo Comi Giacomo Tondo Neurology Unit Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly Interdisciplinary Research Center of autoimmune diseases(IRCAD) University of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly(Comi C)

The immune system（IS）is set to provide protection against pathogens,surveillance against tumor cells and promotion of *** functions can be efficiently performed thanks to the presence of a large network of cells wit... 详细信息

关键词： immunity protective surveillance specialization branches promotion traditionally microglia innate Figure

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Foot reflexology in autoimmune diseases:Effectiveness and mechanisms

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第7期13卷 1-5页

作者： Jozélio Freire de Carvalho Aaron Lerner Carina Benzvi Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis Federal University of BahiaSalvador 40231-300BahiaBrazil department of Research Chaim Sheba Medical CenterThe Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune DiseasesRamat Gan 52621Israel

Foot reflexology(FR)is a Chinese-originated and non-invasive complementary therapy increasingly used by functional,alternative and para-medical *** attempts are made to study FR in non-functional organic *** present invited Editorial discusses the application of FR in autoimmune diseases(AD),highlighting a few successful studies demonstrating symptomatic relief and objective *** promising results,the FR domain remains under-investigated and an urgent need to confirm and understand the effect of FR in chronic diseases,including AD,is highly recommended.

关键词： Reflexology Foot reflexology Sensorineural hearing loss autoimmune diseases Autoimmunity

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