The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair

作     者：Giuseppe Cappellano Domizia Vecchio Luca Magistrelli Nausicaa Clemente Davide Raineri Camilla Barbero Mazzucca Eleonora Virgilio Umberto Dianzani Annalisa Chiocchetti Cristoforo Comi Giuseppe Cappellano;Domizia Vecchio;Luca Magistrelli;Nausicaa Clemente;Davide Raineri;Camilla Barbero Mazzucca;Eleonora Virgilio;Umberto Dianzani;Annalisa Chiocchetti;Cristoforo Comi

作者机构：Department of Health SciencesInterdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases(IRCAD)University of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAADUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly Department of Translational MedicineNeurology UnitInterdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases(IRCAD)University of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Medical HumanitiesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly 

出 版 物：《Neural Regeneration Research》 (中国神经再生研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2021年第16卷第6期

页      面：1131-1137页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 1002[医学-临床医学] 07[理学] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 071006[理学-神经生物学] 

基　　金：funded by the Italian Ministry of Education University and Research(MIUR)Program“Departments of Excellence 2018-2022” AGING and FOHN Projects Fondazione Cariplo 2019-3277 and Associazione Ricerca sul Cancro(IG 20714 AIRC Milano). 

主　　题：Alzheimer’s disease cytokine immunity microglia multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation neuroprotection neurotoxicity Parkinson’s disease Spp1 stroke 

摘      要：Osteopontin is a broadly expressed pleiotropic protein,and is attracting increased attention because of its role in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory,degenerative,autoimmune,and oncologic diseases.In fact,in the last decade,several studies have shown that osteopontin contributes to tissue damage not only by recruiting harmful inflammatory cells to the site of lesion,but also increasing their survival.The detrimental role of osteopontin has been indeed well documented in the context of different neurological conditions(i.e.,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s,and Alzheimer’s diseases).Intriguingly,recent findings show that osteopontin is involved not only in promoting tissue damage(the Yin),but also in repair/regenerative mechanisms(the Yang),mostly triggered by the inflammatory response.These two apparently discordant roles are partly related to the presence of different functional domains in the osteopontin molecule,which are exposed after thrombin or metalloproteases cleavages.Such functional domains may in turn activate intracellular signaling pathways and mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.This review describes the current knowledge on the Yin and Yang features of osteopontin in nervous system diseases.Understanding the mechanisms behind the Yin/Yang would be relevant to develop highly specific tools targeting this multifunctional protein.