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Fine mapping of genomic regions associated with female fertility in Nellore beef cattle based on sequence variants from segregating sires

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 303-315页

作者： Gerson A.Oliveira Júnior Daniel J.A.Santos Aline S.M.Cesar Solomon A.Boison Ricardo V.Ventura Bruno C.Perez JoséF.Garcia JoséBento S.Ferraz Dorian J.Garrick department of Veterinary Medicine University of São Paulo(USP)Faculty of Animal Science and Food EngineerPirassunungaSPBrazil department of animal Bioscience Center for Genetic Improvement of LivestockUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada department of animal and Avian Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA department of animal Science University of São Paulo(USP)PiracicabaSPBrazil department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria department of animal Nutrition and production School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity of São Paulo(USP)PirassunungaBrazil department of Support Production and Animal HealthSchool of Veterinary MedicineSão Paulo State University(Unesp)AraçatubaSPBrazil School of Agriculture Massey UniversityRuakura Ag CentreHamiltonNew Zealand

Background:Impaired fertility in cattle limits the efficiency of livestock production *** the genetic architecture of fertility traits would facilitate their improvement by *** this study,we characterized SNP chip haplotypes at QTL blocks then used whole-genome sequencing to fine map genomic regions associated with reproduction in a population of Nellore(Bos indicus)***:The dataset comprised of 1337 heifers genotyped using a GeneSeek®Genomic Profiler panel(74677 SNPs),representing the daughters from 78 *** performing marker quality control,64800 SNPs were *** carried by each sire at six previously identified QTL on BTAs 5,14 and 18 for heifer pregnancy and BTAs 8,11 and 22 for antral follicle count were constructed using findhap *** significance of the contrasts between the effects of every two paternally-inherited haplotype alleles were used to identify sires that were heterozygous at each ***-genome sequencing data localized to the haplotypes from six sires and 20 other ancestors were used to identify sequence variants that were concordant with the haplotype *** analyses were applied to these variants using KEGG and MeSH ***:A total of six(BTA 5),six(BTA 14)and five(BTA 18)sires were heterozygous for heifer pregnancy QTL whereas six(BTA 8),fourteen(BTA 11),and five(BTA 22)sires were heterozygous for number of antral follicles’*** to inadequate representation of many haplotype alleles in the sequenced animals,fine mapping analysis could only be reliably performed for the QTL on BTA 5 and 14,which had 641 and 3733 concordant candidate sequence variants,*** KEGG“Circadian rhythm”and“Neurotrophin signaling pathway”were significantly associated with the genes in the QTL on BTA 5 whereas 32 MeSH terms were associated with the QTL on BTA *** the concordant sequence variants,0.2%and 0.3%were classified as missense variants for BTAs 5 and 14,respe

关键词： Antral follicles Causal variants Haplotype Heifer pregnancy WGS

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Antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of 16 sources of corn distillers dried grains with solubles(DDGS)

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animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 435-441页

作者： Eui-Cheol Shin Gerald C.Shurson Daniel D.Gallaher department of food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota department of animal Science University of Minnesota

Corn distillers dried grains with solubles(DDGS) is a co-product of the fuel ethanol industry that is an excellent source of energy, digestible amino acids, and digestible phosphorus. However, the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of DDGS and how it is influenced by production parameters is unknown. Therefore, 16 DDGS samples obtained from different ethanol production plants in the *** characterized for antioxidant capacity, vitamin E, xanthophylls, and ferulic acid content and compared with corn. The antioxidant capacity of DDGS samples, measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay, varied almost 2 folds among samples, but in all cases was more than 3 times that of corn. All DDGS samples had a considerably greater concentration of tocopherols and tocotrienols(lipid-soluble antioxidants) than corn. However, the relative concentrations among the tocopherols and tocotrienols tended to be similar to corn. The xanthophyll lutein was present in all DDGS samples and in all cases exceeded the content in corn. Zeaxanthin was detected in most samples. The total ferulic acid content of the DDGS samples was almost 3-fold greater than corn, but, as in corn, almost all was present in a bound form. However, the concentration of unbound(free) ferulic acid was more than 3 times the concentration found in the corn sample. Thus, DDGS is a rich source of phytochemical compounds and may provide antioxidant and health benefits beyond its macronutrient composition. However, differences in processing can greatly influence the phytochemical content and quality of DDGS. In particular,thermal abuse due to excessive heat used in drying may lead to lipid oxidation products that may have deleterious effects when incorporated into feeds.

关键词： Corn distillers dried grains with solubles Vitamin E Ferulic acid Xanthophylls Lutein Antioxidant capacity

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Starchy and fibrous feedstuffs differ in their in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics and differently modulate gut microbiota of swine

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1402-1412页

作者： Utsav P.Tiwari Rabindra K.Mandal Kabi Raj Neupane Birendra Mishra Rajesh Jha department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa1955 East-West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianaUSA Math and Sciences Division Leeward community collegePearl CityHI 96782USA

Background:Alternative feedstuffs may contribute to reducing feed costs of pig *** these feedstuffs are typically rich in fiber and resistant starch(RS).Dietary fibers and RS are fermented in the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)and modulate the microbial *** microbes in the GIT can promote host health,depending on the type of fermentation substrates *** this study,six alternative feedstuffs(three starchy:Okinawan sweet potato,OSP;yam,and taro,and three fibrous:wheat millrun,WMR;barley brewers grain,BBG;and macadamia nut cake,MNC)were evaluated for their in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics and their effects on pig’s hindgut microbial *** 2 steps of enzymatic digestion assay,residues were fermented using fresh pig feces as microbial inoculum,and gas production was recorded periodically for 72 h and modeled for fermentation *** fermentation,the residual liquid phase was analyzed for short-chain fatty acid(SCFA),and the solid phase was used to determine the nutrient’s digestibility and microbial ***:In vitro ileal digestibility of dry matter and gross energy was higher in starchy than fibrous *** gas and SCFA production were significantly higher(Pproduction was significantly higher(P<0.001)in all starchy feedstuffs than BBG and MNC;WMR was in *** alpha diversity was not significantly different within and between starchy and fibrous *** diversity(measured using bray Curtis dissimilarity distance)of starchy feedstuffs was significantly different(P<0.005)than fibrous ***:Starchy feedstuffs acted as a substrate to similar types of microbes,whereas fibrous feedstuffs resulted in a more diverse microbial *** alternative feedstuffs may exert comparable beneficial effects,thus may be included in swine diets to improve gut health.

关键词： Fermentation Fiber Gut health Microbial diversity Starch Swine

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Nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1591-1609页

作者： Ran Xu Elijah G.Kiarie Alexandros Yiannikouris Lvhui Sun Niel A.Karrow department of animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada Alltech Inc. Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition3031 Catnip HillRoadNicholasvilleKY 40356USA Hubei Hongshan Laboratory College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina.

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that are commonly detected as natural contaminants in agricultural commodities *** exposure can lead to mycotoxicosis in both animals and humans when found in animal feeds and food products,and at lower concentrations can affect animal performance by disrupting nutrient digestion,absorption,metabolism,and animal ***,mycotoxin contamination of animal feeds represents a significant issue to the livestock industry and is a health threat to food *** prevention of mycotoxin formation is difficult to undertake to avoid contamination,mitigation strategies are *** review explores how the mycotoxins aflatoxins,deoxynivalenol,zearalenone,fumonisins and ochratoxin A impose nutritional and metabolic effects on food animals and summarizes mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxicity.

关键词： food animals Mitigation strategies Mycotoxins Nutritional impact Risk management Susceptibility differences

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Essential oils as alternatives to antibiotics in swine production

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animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 126-136页

作者： Faith A.Omonijo Liju Ni Joshua Gong Qi Wang Ludovic Lahaye Chengbo Yang department of animal Science University of Manitoba Shanghai Lab-animal Research Center Guelph food Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Jefo Nutrition Inc.

This review article summarizes the efficacy, feasibility and potential mechanisms of the application of essential oils as antibiotic alternatives in swine *** there are numerous studies demonstrating that essential oils have several properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects, feed palatability enhancement and improvement in gut growth and health, there is still a need of further investigations to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their *** the past,the results has been inconsistent in both laboratory and field studies because of the varied product compositions, dosages, purities and growing stages and conditions of *** minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of essential oils needed for killing enteric pathogens may not ensure the optimal feed intake and the essential oils inclusion cost may be too high in swine *** the lipophilic and volatile nature of essential oils, there is a challenge in effective delivery of essential oils within pig gut and this challenge can partially be resolved by microencapsulation and *** effects of essential oils on inflammation, oxidative stress, microbiome, gut chemosensing and bacterial quorum sensing(QS) have led to better production performance of animals fed essential oils in a number of *** has been demonstrated that essential oils have good potential as antibiotic alternatives in feeds for swine *** combination of different essential oils and other compounds(synergistic effect) such as organic acids seems to be a promising approach to improve the efficacy and safety of essential oils in ***-throughput systems technologies have been developed recently,which will allow us to dissect the mechanisms underlying the functions of essential oils and facilitate the use of essential oils in swine production.

关键词： Essential oils Organic acids Medium chain fatty acids Inflammation Oxidative stress Pigs

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Reduction of dietary crude protein and feed form:Impact on broiler litter quality,ammonia concentrations,excreta composition,performance,welfare,and meat quality

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animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 291-303页

作者： Madri Brink Geert P.J.Janssens Peter Demeyer Ozer Bagci Evelyne Delezie Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food(ILVO)Animal Sciences UnitScheldeweg 689090 MelleBelgium department of Nutrition Genetics and EthologyGhent UniversityHeidestraat 199820 MerelbekeBelgium Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food(ILVO)Agricultural Engineering UnitBurg.Van Gansberghelaan 1159820 MerelbekeBelgium department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology5600 MB-EindhovenNetherlands.

Nitrogen(N)excreted by poultry is converted to ammonia(NH3),presenting an environmental risk and a health risk to the farmer and animals.A study was performed to investigate the effect of reduced CP and feed form on broiler performance and welfare,meat and litter quality,N utilization,and NH3 concentrations at litter level.A total of 2,232 Ross 308 male broilers was divided into 6 treatments and 6 replicates,which was fed diets in both pellet and mash forms with different CP levels of 205.0 g/kg(H,high),187.5 g/kg(M,intermediate)and 175.0 g/kg(L,low)in the grower phase and 195.0 g/kg(H),180.0 g/kg(M)and 165.6 g/kg(L)in the finisher *** amino acids(AA)were supplemented to maintain digestible AA-to-digestible lysine *** dietary CP content to 187.5 g/kg in the grower phase and 180.0 g/kg in the finisher phase reduced NH3 concentrations at litter level(Pproduction period of 39 *** could not be maintained when birds were fed L CP pelleted *** study demonstrated that,with the supplementation of AA to meet requirements,the concentration of dietary CP can be reduced to 187.5 and 180.0 g/kg in the grower and finisher phases respectively,without impairing broiler performance,meat yield and *** diets were favorable when considering the overall litter quality and welfare of the ***,they could not maintain the same broiler performance and slaughter yield as pelleted *** from the present study may assist the poultry sector towards a socially acceptable lowemission

关键词： Broiler Ammonia Crude protein Feed form Performance

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Understanding the role of rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions in cattle feed efficiency

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animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 41-53页

作者： Sang Weon Na Le Luo Guan department of Agricultural Food&Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Feed efficiency is one of the economically important traits for the cattle industry that affects profit(feed costs)and the environment(production of manure and methane).Due to that feed efficiency is driven by multi-factors,mechanisms contributing to the animal to animal variation in this trait have not been well defined,limiting the development of precision feeding strategies to improve the herd production *** microbial fermentation and volatile fatty acids(VFA)production have been recently reported to be associated with cattle feed efficiency,however the roles of rumen epithelial function in feed efficiency are less studied although the rumen epithelium has an important function in VFA absorption and metabolism which can affect host feed *** epithelium is colonized with a diverse microbial population,termed epimural microbiota,which has proposed functions in tissue development,barrier and inflammation,urea transport,and oxygen scavenging,suggesting that they can affect rumen epithelial functions and subsequently cattle feed ***,prospective functions of epimural microbiota,enhanced rumen immunity and increased rumen epithelial thickness,might contribute to less nutritional requirement for tissue ***,the understanding of the functions of rumen epithelium,epimural microbiota,and rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions is essential to identify their roles in contributing to feed *** this review,we will focus on to date research findings on the structure of rumen epithelium,epimural microbiota,and epithelial host-microbe interactions together with their functions and how these are associated with feed efficiency,aiming to provide insights on future directions to study rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions and improve the rumen functions in cattle.

关键词： Ruminant Feed efficiency Rumen epithelium Epimural microbiota Microbiome

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An overview on the major mycotoxins in food products:characteristics,toxicity,and analysis

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Journal of Future foods 2022年第2期2卷 91-102页

作者： Raghda A.El-Sayed Ali B.Jebur Wenyi Kang Fatma M.El-Demerdash department of Environmental Studies Institute of Graduate Studies and ResearchAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21526Egypt department of animal production College of AgricultureUniversity of KerbalaKerbala 56001Iraq National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

Mycotoxins are potentially hazardous secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi(molds).These small molecular weight compounds(often less than 1000 Da)are found in nature and are almost *** can infiltrate our food chain either directly or indirectly through contaminated plant-based food components or toxigenic fungal development on *** can build up in ripening corn,cereals,soybeans,sorghum,peanuts,and other food and feed crops in the field and during *** and animals can get sick from eating mycotoxin-contaminated food or feed,which can result in acute or chronic *** addition to worries regarding direct consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated foods and feeds,the public is concerned about the possibility of ingesting mycotoxin residues or metabolites in animal-derived food products such as meat,milk,or *** fungal genera dominate mycotoxin production:Aspergillus,Fusarium,and *** more than 300 mycotoxins have been found,only six of them(aflatoxins,trichothecenes,zearalenone,fumonisins,ochratoxins,and patulin)are consistently detected in food,posing unpredictability and continuous food safety issues *** article focused on some of them,which are typically found in foods that have been contaminated by one or more of these mycotoxins.

关键词： Fungi Mycotoxins Occurrence Analysis Toxicity

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Development of anthracnose disease resistance and heat tolerancechili through conventional breeding and molecular approaches:a review

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BIOCELL 2020年第3期44卷 269-278页

作者： MST FARHANA NAZNEEN CHOWDHURY MOHD RAFII YUSOP SITI IZERA ISMAIL SHAIRUL IZAN RAMLEE YUSUFF OLADOSU MONIR HOSEN GOUS MIAH department of Crop Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor43400Malaysia Laboratory of Climate-Smart food Crop production Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor43400Malaysia department of Plant Protection Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor43400Malaysia department of Genetics and animal Breeding Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityKhulshiBangladesh

Chili(Capsicum annuum L.)is the popular spicy vegetable crops belonging to family *** peppers are known for their pungency characteristic due to the presence of capsaicinoids that classifies them into hot or sweet *** is used as spices,folk remedies for diseases,vegetables,and coloring agent showing a diverse role in human’s ***,its production is hampered by different biotic stress and abiotic ***,the unavailability of high yielding varieties,high temperature,and disease incidence,particularly,anthracnose disease,are the major constraints responsible for the low production of chili *** advents of molecular markers,advancement in quantitative trait loci by classical genetic analysis,and conventional breeding have shown the number of genes for many important and major *** the newly developed genotyping technologies and nextgeneration sequencing have led to the discovery of molecular basis for economic important characters in the chili genome and generate large scale data for genomic *** on this background,this review summarizes progress in the development of anthracnose disease-resistant and heat-tolerant chili genotypes through conventional breeding and molecular *** review would help plant breeders in understanding the phenotypic and genetic make-up of capsicum genotypes and provides opportunities for pyramiding two respected genes with the help of diversified phenotypic and molecular marker evaluation.

关键词： Chili Breeding Molecular markers Biotic and abiotic stresses

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Chemical Oxidation Effects on Anion Exchange and Nitrate Sorption Capacity of Biochar for Ruminal Methanogenesis Inhibition

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2023年第3期12卷 250-262页

作者： Anna Kolganova Jeffrey Lynn Firkins Rattan Lal Kelly Elizabeth Mitchell department of animal Sciences College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus USA

The chemical composition of biochar is determined by the chemical profile of the material the by-product is made of and the pyrolysis conditions. Analysis of commercial biochar detected similarities to the chemical profile of hardwood, which was used as an object of pyrolysis for biochar production and showed the presence of bridge-forming cations, such as manganese, iron, and sodium. Despite frequently being reported in existing literature, the current study showed that the redox potential of biochar is not associated with biochar’s ability to recover certain anions. No association was detected between biochar’s redox potential and the material nitrate sorption capacity. In fact, higher redox potential values were associated with lower nitrate absorption. In the case of the anion exchange capacity of biochar, a direct association between this electrochemical property of the by-product and its redox potential was observed. However, redox potential’s impact on anion exchange capacity can be inhibited by the presence of organic compounds in biochar’s chemical profile. The chemical oxidation of biochar is a complex process and is a research priority for a potential role to mitigate enteric methanogenesis in livestock.

关键词： Methanogenesis Biochar Rumen Nitrates Anion Exchange Electrochemical Properties

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